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YbNano induced robust expression of type I interferon (IFN-\u03b2), interleukin-12 (IL-12), chemokines such as CXCL10, and costimulatory molecules (CD80, CD86) in dendritic cells, promoting CD8\u207a T cell differentiation. In preclinical cancer models, intravenous administration of YbNano potentiated the efficacy of anti-PD-L1 therapy in B16F10 melanoma-bearing C57BL\/6 mice and enhanced the therapeutic outcomes of doxorubicin or anti-PD-L1 treatment in suppressing lung metastasis in 4T1 breast cancer-bearing BALB\/c mice. YbNano functions as a dual activator of cGAS\/STING and TLR9, orchestrating dendritic cell activation and amplifying downstream innate and adaptive immune responses in tumor microenvironment. Collectively, these findings suggest that YbNano represents a rationally engineered, multifunctional nucleic acid-based immunotherapeutic agent with the potential to modulate the tumor microenvironment and to augment responses when used in combination cancer therapy.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12272-026-01607-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T17:02:34Z","timestamp":1773853354000},"page":"321-338","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Nanostructured branched Y-DNA promotes antitumor immunity through dual activation of cGAS\/STING and TLR9"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Jin Kyung","family":"Seok","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jung In","family":"Jee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jong Han","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"So Yeon","family":"Ahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hana","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Young Eun","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Minhyuk","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hyung-Joo","family":"Kwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yong-Yeon","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hye Suk","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Soong Ho","family":"Um","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Han Chang","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6020-3040","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joo Young","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"1607_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2006.02.015","volume":"124","author":"S Akira","year":"2006","unstructured":"Akira S, Uematsu S, Takeuchi O (2006) Pathogen recognition and innate immunity. 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