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As whole genome sequencing can assist to differentiate and trace the origin of outbreaks of <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic> spp. strains, the whole genomes of retrospective isolates (n\u2009=\u200919) from previous studies were sequenced. Sequences were analysed using average nucleotide identity (ANI), pangenomics, and whole genome single nucleotide polymorphism (wgSNP) to trace the geographical origin of cases of brucellosis circulating in human, cattle, goats, and sable from different provinces in SA. Pangenomics analysis of <jats:italic>B. melitensis<\/jats:italic> (n\u2009=\u200969) and <jats:italic>B. abortus<\/jats:italic> (n\u2009=\u200956) was conducted with 19 strains that included <jats:italic>B. abortus<\/jats:italic> from cattle (n\u2009=\u20093) and <jats:italic>B. melitensis<\/jats:italic> from\u00a0a human (n\u2009=\u20091), cattle (n\u2009=\u20091), goat (n\u2009=\u20091), Rev1 vaccine strain (n\u2009=\u20091), and sable (n\u2009=\u200912). Pangenomics analysis of <jats:italic>B. melitensis<\/jats:italic> genomes, highlighted shared genes, that include 10 hypothetical proteins and genes that encodes for acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase (<jats:italic>acs<\/jats:italic>), and acylamidase (<jats:italic>aam<\/jats:italic>) amongst the sable genomes. The wgSNP analysis confirmed the <jats:italic>B. melitensis<\/jats:italic> isolated from human was more closely related to the goat from the Western Cape Province from the same outbreak than the <jats:italic>B. melitensis<\/jats:italic> cattle sample from different cases in the Gauteng Province. The <jats:italic>B. melitensis<\/jats:italic> sable strains could be distinguished from the African lineage, constituting their own African sub-clade. The sequenced <jats:italic>B. abortus<\/jats:italic> strains clustered in the C2 lineage that is closely related to the isolates from Mozambique and Zimbabwe. This study identified genetically diverse <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic> spp. among various hosts in SA. This study expands the limited known knowledge regarding the presence of <jats:italic>B. melitensis<\/jats:italic> in livestock and humans in SA, further building a foundation for future research on the distribution of the <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic> spp. worldwide and its evolutionary background.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12275-024-00155-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,22]],"date-time":"2024-07-22T13:02:01Z","timestamp":1721653321000},"page":"759-773","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Whole Genome Sequence Analysis of Brucella spp. from Human, Livestock, and Wildlife in South Africa"],"prefix":"10.71150","volume":"62","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4085-1355","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Koketso Desiree","family":"Mazwi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kgaugelo Edward","family":"Lekota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara Akofo","family":"Glover","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francis Babaman","family":"Kolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayesha","family":"Hassim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jenny","family":"Rossouw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annelize","family":"Jonker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justnya Maria","family":"Wojno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Profiti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pier Luigi","family":"Martelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rita","family":"Casadio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katiuscia","family":"Zilli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Janowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Marotta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuliano","family":"Garofolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henriette","family":"van Heerden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4586","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"155_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00311","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.00311-22","volume":"60","author":"MY Abdel-glil","year":"2022","unstructured":"Abdel-glil, M. 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