{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T08:45:48Z","timestamp":1780735548396,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,9]],"date-time":"2020-11-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604880000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,9]],"date-time":"2020-11-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604880000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Breast Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12282-020-01120-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,9]],"date-time":"2020-11-09T13:05:36Z","timestamp":1604927136000},"page":"9-15","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Axillary surgery for breast cancer: past, present, and future"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Masakuni","family":"Noguchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masafumi","family":"Inokuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miki","family":"Noguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emi","family":"Morioka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yukako","family":"Ohno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomoko","family":"Kurita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"1120_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-190707000-00001","volume":"46","author":"WS Halsted","year":"1907","unstructured":"Halsted WS. The results of radical operation for the cure of carcinoma of the breast. Ann Surg. 1907;46:1\u201319.","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"1120_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa020128","volume":"347","author":"B Fisher","year":"2002","unstructured":"Fisher B, Jeong JH, Anderson S, Bryant J, Fisher ER, Wolmark N. Twenty-five-year follow-up of a randomized trial comparing radical mastectomy, total mastectomy, and total mastectomy followed by irradiation. N Engl J Med. 2002;347:567\u201375.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1120_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01807645","volume":"5","author":"JR Harris","year":"1995","unstructured":"Harris JR, Osteen RT. Patients with early breast cancer benefit from effective axillary treatment. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 1995;5:17\u2013211.","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res Treat"},{"key":"1120_CR4","first-page":"407","volume-title":"Disease of the breast","author":"S Hellman","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hellman S, Harris JR. Natural history of breast cancer. In: Harris JR, editor. Disease of the breast. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2000. p. 407\u2013423.","edition":"2"},{"issue":"9","key":"1120_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1984.01390210063014","volume":"119","author":"B Cady","year":"1984","unstructured":"Cady B. Lymph node metastases. Indicators, but not governors of survival. Arch Surg. 1984;119(9):1067\u201372.","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"key":"1120_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02967068","volume":"4","author":"M Noguchi","year":"1997","unstructured":"Noguchi M, Miwa K, Michigishi T, Yokoyama K, Nishijima H, Takanaka H, et al. The role of axillary lymph node dissection in breast cancer management. Breast Cancer. 1997;4:143\u201353.","journal-title":"Breast Cancer"},{"key":"1120_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1992.01420040034005","volume":"127","author":"DL Morton","year":"1992","unstructured":"Morton DL, Wen DR, Wong JH, Economou JS, Cagle LA, Storm FK, et al. Technical details of intraoperative lymphatic mapping for early stage melanoma. Arch Surg. 1992;127:392\u20139.","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"1120_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/0960-7404(93)90064-6","volume":"2","author":"DN Krag","year":"1993","unstructured":"Krag DN, Weaver DL, Alex LC, Fairbank JT. Surgical resection and radiolocalization of the sentinel lymph node in breast cancer using a gamma probe. Surg Oncol. 1993;2(6):335\u20139.","journal-title":"Surg Oncol"},{"key":"1120_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-199409000-00015","volume":"220","author":"AE Giuliano","year":"1994","unstructured":"Giuliano AE, Kirgan DM, Guenther JM, Morton DL. Lymphatic mapping and sentinel lymphadenectomy for breast cancer. Ann Surg. 1994;220:391\u2013401.","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"1120_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(197702)39:2<456::AID-CNCR2820390214>3.0.CO;2-I","volume":"39","author":"RM Cabanas","year":"1977","unstructured":"Cabanas RM. An approach for the treatment of penile carcinoma. Cancer. 1977;39:456\u201366.","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"1120_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02966716","volume":"10","author":"M Noguchi","year":"2003","unstructured":"Noguchi M. Is it necessary to perform prospective randomized studies before sentinel node biopsy can replace routine axillary dissection? Breast Cancer. 2003;10:179\u201387.","journal-title":"Breast Cancer"},{"key":"1120_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(10)70207-2","volume":"11","author":"DN Krag","year":"2010","unstructured":"Krag DN, Anderson SJ, Julian TB, Brown AM, Harlow SP, Ashikaga T, et al. Sentinel-lymph-node resection compared with conventional axillary-lymph-node dissection in clinically node-negative patients with breast cancer: overall survival findings from the NSABP B-32 randomised phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2010;11:927\u201333.","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"1120_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e3181c0e92a","volume":"251","author":"U Veronesi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Veronesi U, Viale G, Paganelli G, Zurrida S, Luini A, Galimberti V, et al. Sentinel lymph node biopsy in breast cancer: ten-year results of a randomized controlled study. Ann Surg. 2010;251:595\u2013600.","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"1120_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02967435","volume":"5","author":"M Noguchi","year":"1998","unstructured":"Noguchi M, Tsugawa K, Kawahara F, Bando E, Miwa K, Minato H, et al. Dye-guided sentinel lymphadenectomy in clinically node-negative and node-positive breast cancer patients. Breast Cancer. 1998;5:381\u20137.","journal-title":"Breast Cancer"},{"key":"1120_CR15","first-page":"31","volume":"63","author":"M Noguchi","year":"2000","unstructured":"Noguchi M, Motomura K, Imoto S, Miyauchi M, Sato K, Iwata H, et al. A multicenter validation study of sentinel lymph node biopsy can replace routine axillary dissection? Breast Cancer. 2000;63:31\u201340.","journal-title":"Breast Cancer"},{"issue":"2","key":"1120_CR16","first-page":"271","volume":"24","author":"S Nakamura","year":"2009","unstructured":"Nakamura S, Tsugawa K, Iwata H, Ohno S, Akiyama F, Motomura K, et al. A multicenter-based phase II study on the safety of sentinel lymph node biopsy for primary breast cancer without clinical axillary lymph node metastases. Jpn J Breast Cancer. 2009;24(2):271\u20137 (in Japanese with English abstract).","journal-title":"Jpn J Breast Cancer"},{"key":"1120_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.11470","volume":"318","author":"AE Giuliano","year":"2017","unstructured":"Giuliano AE, Ballman KV, McCall L, Beitsch PD, Brennan MB, Kelemen PR, et al. Effect of axillary dissection vs no axillary dissection on 10-year overall survival among women with invasive breast cancer and sentinel node metastases: the ACOSOG Z0011 (Alliance) randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2017;318:918\u201326.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"1120_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7151","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-13-1888","volume":"73","author":"M Morrow","year":"2013","unstructured":"Morrow M. It is not always necessary to do axillary dissection for T1 and T2 breast cancer. Cancer Res. 2013;73:7151\u20134.","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"1120_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1658","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.9955","volume":"102","author":"MA Beek","year":"2015","unstructured":"Beek MA, Verheuvel NC, Luiten EJT, Klompenhouwer EG, Rutten HJT, Roumen RMH, et al. Two decades of axillary management in breast cancer. BJS. 2015;102:1658\u201364.","journal-title":"BJS"},{"key":"1120_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1385","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(18)30380-2","volume":"19","author":"V Galimberti","year":"2018","unstructured":"Galimberti V, Cole BF, Viale G, Veronesi P, Vicini E, Intra M, et al. Axillary dissection versus no axillary dissection in patients with breast cancer and sentinel-node micrometastases (IBCSG 23\u20131): 10-year follow-up of a randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2018;19:1385\u201393.","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"1120_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1303","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(14)70460-7","volume":"15","author":"M Donker","year":"2014","unstructured":"Donker M, van Tienhoven G, Straver ME, Meijnen P, van de Velde CJH, Mansel RE, et al. Radiotherapy or surgery of the axilla after a positive sentinel node in breast cancer (EORTC 10981\u201322023 AMAROS): a randomized multicenter, open-label, phase 3 non-inferiority trial. Lancet Oncol. 2014;15:1303\u201310.","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"1120_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2016.12.011","volume":"43","author":"A Savolt","year":"2017","unstructured":"Savolt A, Peley G, Polgar C, Udvarhelyi N, Rubovszky G, Kovacs E, et al. Eight-year follow up result of the OTOASOR trial: the optimal treatment of the axilla -surgery or radiotherapy after positive sentinel lymph node biopsy in early-stage breast cancer: a randomized, single centre, phase III, non-inferiority trial. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2017;43:672\u20139.","journal-title":"Eur J Surg Oncol"},{"key":"1120_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1016\/j.breast.2012.06.013","volume":"21","author":"O Gentilini","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gentilini O, Veronesi U. Abandoning sentinel lymph node biopsy in early breast cancer? A new trial in progress at the European Institute of Oncology of Milan (SOUND: Sentinel node vs Observation after axillary UltraSouND). The Breast. 2012;21:678\u201381.","journal-title":"The Breast"},{"issue":"6","key":"1120_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"l1800","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-007-9412-x","volume":"14","author":"M Thompson","year":"2007","unstructured":"Thompson M, Korourian S, Henry-Tillman R, Adkins L, Mumford S, Westbrook KC, et al. Axillary reverse mapping (ARM): a new concept to identify and enhance lymphatic preservation. Ann Surg Oncol. 2007;14(6):l1800\u20131805.","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol"},{"issue":"9","key":"1120_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2490","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-007-9450-4","volume":"14","author":"C Nos","year":"2007","unstructured":"Nos C, Lesieur B, Clough KB, Lecuru F. Blue dye injection in the arm in order to conserve the lymphatic drainage of the arm in breast cancer patients requiring an axillary dissection. Ann Surg Oncol. 2007;14(9):2490\u20136.","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol"},{"issue":"7","key":"1120_CR26","first-page":"563","volume":"97","author":"VS Klimberg","year":"2008","unstructured":"Klimberg VS. A new concept toward the prevention of lymphedema: axillary reverse mapping. J Surg Ocol. 2008;97(7):563\u20134.","journal-title":"J Surg Ocol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1120_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.21473","volume":"101","author":"M Noguchi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Noguchi M, Yokoi M, Nakano Y. Axillary reverse mapping with indocyanine fluorescence imaging in patients with breast cancer. J Surg Oncol. 2010;101(3):217\u201321.","journal-title":"J Surg Oncol"},{"key":"1120_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2016.02.244","volume":"42","author":"M Noguchi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Noguchi M, Noguchi M, Ohno Y, Morioka E, Nakano Y, Kosaka T, et al. Feasibility study of axillary reverse mapping for patients with clinically node-negative breast cancer. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2016;42:650\u20136.","journal-title":"Eur J Surg Oncol"},{"key":"1120_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2015.01.029","volume":"41","author":"M Noguchi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Noguchi M, Miura S, Morioka E, Ohno Y, Yokoi-Noguchi M, Nakano Y, et al. Is axillary reverse mapping feasible in breast cancer patients? Eur J Surg Oncol. 2015;41:442\u20139.","journal-title":"Eur J Surg Oncol"},{"key":"1120_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2019.08.003","volume":"46","author":"MA Beek","year":"2020","unstructured":"Beek MA, Gobardhan PD, Klompenhouwer EG, Menke-Pluijmers NB, Steenvoorde P, Markus JWS, et al. A patient- and assessor-blinded randomized controlled trial of axillary reverse mapping (ARM) in patients with early breast cancer. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2020;46:59\u201364.","journal-title":"Eur J Surg Oncol"},{"key":"1120_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2020.01.152","volume":"75","author":"MI Abdelhamid","year":"2020","unstructured":"Abdelhamid MI, Bari AA, Farid MI, Nour H. Evaluation of axillary reverse mapping (ARM) in clinically axillary node negative breast cancer patients -randomised controlled trial. Int J Surg. 2020;75:174\u20138.","journal-title":"Int J Surg"},{"key":"1120_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1186\/s13037-019-0217-1","volume":"13","author":"M Faisal","year":"2019","unstructured":"Faisal M, Sayed MG, Antonious K, Bakr AA, Farag H. Prevention of lymphedema via axillary reverse mapping for arm lymph-node preservation following breast cancer surgery: a randomized controlled trial. Patient Saf Surg. 2019;13:35. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13037-019-0217-1.","journal-title":"Patient Saf Surg"},{"key":"1120_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2014.09.012","volume":"41","author":"MA Beek","year":"2015","unstructured":"Beek MA, Gobardhan PD, Klompenhourwer ED, Rutten HJT, Voogd AC, Luiten EJT. Axillary reverse mapping (ARM) in clinically node positive breast cancer patients. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2015;41:59\u201363.","journal-title":"Eur J Surg Oncol"},{"key":"1120_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3446","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-019-07569-4","volume":"26","author":"Q Yuan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yuan Q, Wu G, Xiao SY, Hou J, Ren Y, Wang H, et al. Identification and preservation of arm lymphatic system in axillary dissection for breast cancer to reduce arm lymphedema events: a randomize clinical trial. Ann Surg Oncol. 2019;26:3446\u2013544.","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol"},{"key":"1120_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2013.12.041","volume":"218","author":"MS Cowher","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cowher MS, Grobmyer SR, Lyons J, O\u2019Rourke C, Baynes D, Crowe JP. Conservative axillary surgery in breast cancer patients undergoing mastectomy: long-term results. J Am Coll Surg. 2014;218:819\u201326.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Surg"}],"container-title":["Breast Cancer"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12282-020-01120-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12282-020-01120-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12282-020-01120-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,10]],"date-time":"2021-01-10T01:53:24Z","timestamp":1610243604000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12282-020-01120-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,9]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]}},"alternative-id":["1120"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12282-020-01120-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1340-6868","1880-4233"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1340-6868","type":"print"},{"value":"1880-4233","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 March 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 June 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 November 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors have no potential conflicts of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}