{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T01:44:10Z","timestamp":1778204650228,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,19]],"date-time":"2016-11-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1479513600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Musculoskelet Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12306-016-0438-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,19]],"date-time":"2016-11-19T05:56:28Z","timestamp":1479534988000},"page":"165-169","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":96,"title":["Pedicle screw insertion techniques: an update and review of the literature"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"100","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8618-8192","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F.","family":"Perna","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Borghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Pilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Stefanini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Mazzotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Chehrassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"438_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-010-1577-5","volume":"20","author":"N-F Tian","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tian N-F, Huang Q-S, Zhou P et al (2011) Pedicle screw insertion accuracy with different assisted methods: a systematic review and meta-analysis of comparative studies. Eur Spine J Off Publ Eur Spine Soc Eur Spinal Deform Soc Eur Sect Cerv Spine Res Soc 20:846\u2013859. doi: 10.1007\/s00586-010-1577-5","journal-title":"Eur Spine J Off Publ Eur Spine Soc Eur Spinal Deform Soc Eur Sect Cerv Spine Res Soc"},{"key":"438_CR2","first-page":"771","volume":"48","author":"AS Youkilis","year":"2001","unstructured":"Youkilis AS, Quint DJ, McGillicuddy JE, Papadopoulos SM (2001) Stereotactic navigation for placement of pedicle screws in the thoracic spine. Neurosurgery 48:771\u2013779","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"438_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-015-3853-x","volume":"24","author":"AA Aoude","year":"2015","unstructured":"Aoude AA, Fortin M, Figueiredo R et al (2015) Methods to determine pedicle screw placement accuracy in spine surgery: a systematic review. Eur Spine J Off Publ Eur Spine Soc Eur Spinal Deform Soc Eur Sect Cerv Spine Res Soc 24:990\u20131004. doi: 10.1007\/s00586-015-3853-x","journal-title":"Eur Spine J Off Publ Eur Spine Soc Eur Spinal Deform Soc Eur Sect Cerv Spine Res Soc"},{"key":"438_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.5312\/wjo.v5.i2.112","volume":"5","author":"V Puvanesarajah","year":"2014","unstructured":"Puvanesarajah V, Liauw JA, Lo S-F et al (2014) Techniques and accuracy of thoracolumbar pedicle screw placement. World J Orthop 5:112\u2013123. doi: 10.5312\/wjo.v5.i2.112","journal-title":"World J Orthop"},{"key":"438_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199001000-00004","volume":"15","author":"SD Gertzbein","year":"1990","unstructured":"Gertzbein SD, Robbins SE (1990) Accuracy of pedicular screw placement in vivo. Spine 15:11\u201314","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"438_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-011-2011-3","volume":"21","author":"ID Gelalis","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gelalis ID, Paschos NK, Pakos EE et al (2012) Accuracy of pedicle screw placement: a systematic review of prospective in vivo studies comparing free hand, fluoroscopy guidance and navigation techniques. Eur Spine J Off Publ Eur Spine Soc Eur Spinal Deform Soc Eur Sect Cerv Spine Res Soc 21:247\u2013255. doi: 10.1007\/s00586-011-2011-3","journal-title":"Eur Spine J Off Publ Eur Spine Soc Eur Spinal Deform Soc Eur Sect Cerv Spine Res Soc"},{"key":"438_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1320","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199606010-00008","volume":"21","author":"WH Castro","year":"1996","unstructured":"Castro WH, Halm H, Jerosch J et al (1996) Accuracy of pedicle screw placement in lumbar vertebrae. Spine 21:1320\u20131324","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"438_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199702150-00020","volume":"22","author":"O Schwarzenbach","year":"1997","unstructured":"Schwarzenbach O, Berlemann U, Jost B et al (1997) Accuracy of computer-assisted pedicle screw placement. An in vivo computed tomography analysis. Spine 22:452\u2013458","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"438_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-012-1510-6","volume":"41","author":"C Errani","year":"2012","unstructured":"Errani C, Vanel D, Gambarotti M et al (2012) Vascular bone tumors: a proposal of a classification based on clinicopathological, radiographic and genetic features. Skeletal Radiol 41:1495\u20131507. doi: 10.1007\/s00256-012-1510-6","journal-title":"Skeletal Radiol"},{"key":"438_CR10","first-page":"325","volume":"100","author":"RF Heary","year":"2004","unstructured":"Heary RF, Bono CM, Black M (2004) Thoracic pedicle screws: postoperative computerized tomography scanning assessment. J Neurosurg 100:325\u2013331","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"438_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0b013e3181fdfaf4","volume":"68","author":"SL Parker","year":"2011","unstructured":"Parker SL, McGirt MJ, Farber SH et al (2011) Accuracy of free-hand pedicle screws in the thoracic and lumbar spine: analysis of 6816 consecutive screws. Neurosurgery 68:170\u2013178. doi: 10.1227\/NEU.0b013e3181fdfaf4 (discussion 178)","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"438_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-007-0363-4","volume":"32","author":"KJ Chung","year":"2008","unstructured":"Chung KJ, Suh SW, Desai S, Song HR (2008) Ideal entry point for the thoracic pedicle screw during the free hand technique. Int Orthop 32:657\u2013662. doi: 10.1007\/s00264-007-0363-4","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"key":"438_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2058","DOI":"10.1097\/01.BRS.0000087743.57439.4F","volume":"28","author":"RA Lehman","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lehman RA, Polly DW, Kuklo TR et al (2003) Straight-forward versus anatomic trajectory technique of thoracic pedicle screw fixation: a biomechanical analysis. Spine 28:2058\u20132065. doi: 10.1097\/01.BRS.0000087743.57439.4F","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"438_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e9","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.ST.N.00114","volume":"6","author":"DW Polly","year":"2016","unstructured":"Polly DW, Yaszemski AK, Jones KE (2016) Placement of thoracic pedicle screws. JBJS Essent Surg Tech 6:e9. doi: 10.2106\/JBJS.ST.N.00114","journal-title":"JBJS Essent Surg Tech"},{"issue":"Suppl 4","key":"438_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S452","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-014-3342-7","volume":"23","author":"R Vialle","year":"2014","unstructured":"Vialle R, Zeller R, Gaines RW (2014) The \u201cslide technique\u201d: an improvement on the \u201cfunnel technique\u201d for safe pedicle screw placement in the thoracic spine. Eur Spine J Off Publ Eur Spine Soc Eur Spinal Deform Soc Eur Sect Cerv Spine Res Soc 23(Suppl 4):S452\u2013S456. doi: 10.1007\/s00586-014-3342-7","journal-title":"Eur Spine J Off Publ Eur Spine Soc Eur Spinal Deform Soc Eur Sect Cerv Spine Res Soc"},{"key":"438_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1458","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200010000-00013","volume":"82-A","author":"RW Gaines","year":"2000","unstructured":"Gaines RW (2000) The use of pedicle-screw internal fixation for the operative treatment of spinal disorders. J Bone Joint Surg Am 82-A:1458\u20131476","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"438_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1097\/00024720-200212000-00001","volume":"15","author":"W Yingsakmonkol","year":"2002","unstructured":"Yingsakmonkol W, Karaikovic E, Gaines RW (2002) The accuracy of pedicle screw placement in the thoracic spine using the \u201cfunnel technique\u201d: part 1. A cadaveric study. J Spinal Disord Tech 15:445\u2013449","journal-title":"J Spinal Disord Tech"},{"key":"438_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1097\/00024720-200212000-00002","volume":"15","author":"M Viau","year":"2002","unstructured":"Viau M, Tarbox BB, Wonglertsiri S et al (2002) Thoracic pedicle screw instrumentation using the \u201cfunnel technique\u201d: part 2. Clinical experience. J Spinal Disord Tech 15:450\u2013453","journal-title":"J Spinal Disord Tech"},{"key":"438_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1590\/S1413-78522012000500006","volume":"20","author":"GS Abrah\u00e3o","year":"2012","unstructured":"Abrah\u00e3o GS, Rosa RC, Okubo R, Shimano AC (2012) Effect of the pilot hole preparation on the anchorage of pedicle screws. Acta Ortop Bras 20:274\u2013279. doi: 10.1590\/S1413-78522012000500006","journal-title":"Acta Ortop Bras"},{"key":"438_CR20","first-page":"91","volume":"94","author":"BT Okteno\u011flu","year":"2001","unstructured":"Okteno\u011flu BT, Ferrara LA, Andalkar N et al (2001) Effects of hole preparation on screw pullout resistance and insertional torque: a biomechanical study. J Neurosurg 94:91\u201396","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"438_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.b.31036","volume":"86","author":"A Moroni","year":"2008","unstructured":"Moroni A, Cadossi M, Romagnoli M et al (2008) A biomechanical and histological analysis of standard versus hydroxyapatite-coated pins for external fixation. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 86:417\u2013421. doi: 10.1002\/jbm.b.31036","journal-title":"J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater"},{"key":"438_CR22","first-page":"181","volume":"16","author":"DC George","year":"1991","unstructured":"George DC, Krag MH, Johnson CC et al (1991) Hole preparation techniques for transpedicle screws. Effect on pull-out strength from human cadaveric vertebrae. Spine 16:181\u2013184","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"438_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.3171\/2013.11.SPINE13413","volume":"20","author":"A Mason","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mason A, Paulsen R, Babuska JM et al (2014) The accuracy of pedicle screw placement using intraoperative image guidance systems. J Neurosurg Spine 20:196\u2013203. doi: 10.3171\/2013.11.SPINE13413","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Spine"},{"key":"438_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E473","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e318238bbd9","volume":"37","author":"E Ughwanogho","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ughwanogho E, Patel NM, Baldwin KD et al (2012) Computed tomography-guided navigation of thoracic pedicle screws for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis results in more accurate placement and less screw removal. Spine 37:E473\u2013E478. doi: 10.1097\/BRS.0b013e318238bbd9","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"438_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-009-1258-4","volume":"19","author":"R Verma","year":"2010","unstructured":"Verma R, Krishan S, Haendlmayer K, Mohsen A (2010) Functional outcome of computer-assisted spinal pedicle screw placement: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 23 studies including 5992 pedicle screws. Eur Spine J 19:370\u2013375. doi: 10.1007\/s00586-009-1258-4","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"438_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2013.03.029","volume":"14","author":"A Manbachi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Manbachi A, Cobbold RSC, Ginsberg HJ (2014) Guided pedicle screw insertion: techniques and training. Spine J Off J North Am Spine Soc 14:165\u2013179. doi: 10.1016\/j.spinee.2013.03.029","journal-title":"Spine J Off J North Am Spine Soc"},{"key":"438_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-18536-6_48","volume-title":"Bildverarb. F\u00fcr Med. 2004","author":"DD Frantz","year":"2004","unstructured":"Frantz DD, Kirsch SR, Wiles AD (2004) Specifying 3D tracking system accuracy one manufacturer\u2019s views. In: Tolxdorff T, Braun J, Handels H et al (eds) Bildverarb. F\u00fcr Med. 2004. Springer, Berlin, pp 234\u2013238"},{"key":"438_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e318191ed32","volume":"34","author":"I Pechlivanis","year":"2009","unstructured":"Pechlivanis I, Kiriyanthan G, Engelhardt M et al (2009) Percutaneous placement of pedicle screws in the lumbar spine using a bone mounted miniature robotic system: first experiences and accuracy of screw placement. Spine 34:392\u2013398. doi: 10.1097\/BRS.0b013e318191ed32","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"438_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1002\/rcs.216","volume":"4","author":"Y Barzilay","year":"2008","unstructured":"Barzilay Y, Kaplan L, Libergall M (2008) Robotic assisted spine surgery\u2014a breakthrough or a surgical toy? Int J Med Robot 4:195\u2013196. doi: 10.1002\/rcs.216","journal-title":"Int J Med Robot"},{"key":"438_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-012-2499-1","volume":"22","author":"X Hu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hu X, Ohnmeiss DD, Lieberman IH (2013) Robotic-assisted pedicle screw placement: lessons learned from the first 102 patients. Eur Spine J 22:661\u2013666. doi: 10.1007\/s00586-012-2499-1","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"438_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rcs.1779","author":"H-J Kim","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kim H-J, Jung W-I, Chang B-S et al (2016) A prospective, randomized, controlled trial of robot-assisted vs freehand pedicle screw fixation in spine surgery. Int J Med Robot Comput Assist Surg MRCAS. doi: 10.1002\/rcs.1779","journal-title":"Int J Med Robot Comput Assist Surg MRCAS"},{"key":"438_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11548-016-1448-6","author":"H Liu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Liu H, Chen W, Wang Z et al (2016) Comparison of the accuracy between robot-assisted and conventional freehand pedicle screw placement: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Comput Assist Radiol Surg. doi: 10.1007\/s11548-016-1448-6","journal-title":"Int J Comput Assist Radiol Surg"}],"container-title":["MUSCULOSKELETAL SURGERY"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12306-016-0438-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12306-016-0438-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12306-016-0438-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,25]],"date-time":"2017-06-25T00:01:21Z","timestamp":1498348881000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12306-016-0438-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,19]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]}},"alternative-id":["438"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12306-016-0438-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["2035-5106","2035-5114"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2035-5106","type":"print"},{"value":"2035-5114","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,19]]}}}