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The purpose of this investigation was to survey physician practices and perceptions about the influence of sex and gender on knee OA presentation, care, and outcomes after TKA.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The survey questions were elaborated by a multidisciplinary scientific board composed of 1 pain specialist, 4 orthopedic specialists, 2 physiatrists, and 1 expert in gender medicine. The survey included 5 demographic questions and 20 topic questions. Eligible physician respondents were those who treat patients during all phases of care (pain specialists, orthopedic specialists, and physiatrists). All survey responses were anonymized and handled via remote dispersed geographic participation.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Fifty-six physicians (71% male) accepted the invitation to complete the survey. In general, healthcare professionals expressed that women presented worse symptomology, higher pain intensity, and lower pain tolerance and necessitated a different pharmacological approach compared to men. Pain and orthopedic specialists were more likely to indicate sex and gender differences in knee OA than physiatrists. Physicians expressed that the absence of sex and gender-specific instruments and indications is an important limitation on available studies.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Healthcare professionals perceive multiple sex and gender-related differences in patients with knee OA, especially in the pre- and perioperative phases of TKA. Sex and gender bias sensitivity training for physicians can potentially improve the objectivity of care for knee OA among TKA candidates.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12306-021-00725-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,7]],"date-time":"2021-08-07T05:03:18Z","timestamp":1628312598000},"page":"457-467","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Influence of sex and gender on the management of late-stage knee osteoarthritis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"106","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1234-8616","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"B.","family":"Moretti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2183-2191","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.","family":"Spinarelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3822-2923","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G.","family":"Varrassi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6198-2122","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L.","family":"Massari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0772-563X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.","family":"Gigante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0976-925X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G.","family":"Iolascon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. 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Accessed 9 June 2021"}],"container-title":["MUSCULOSKELETAL SURGERY"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12306-021-00725-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12306-021-00725-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12306-021-00725-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,30]],"date-time":"2022-10-30T10:40:30Z","timestamp":1667126430000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12306-021-00725-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,7]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["725"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12306-021-00725-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["2035-5106","2035-5114"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2035-5106","type":"print"},{"value":"2035-5114","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 April 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 July 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 August 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"G. Varrassi is a consultant for Abbott, Angelini, Domp\u00e9, Gr\u00fcnenthal, Malesci, Menarini, Molteni, Pfizer, Shonogi, and Takeda. He has received research grants from Domp\u00e9, the Fondazione Internazionale Maugeri, and the Consiglio Nazionale per la Ricerca. He also serves on the Editorial Board of several scientific journals and is the Editor and Chief of Pain and Therapy. The other authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Coflict of interest"}}]}}