{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,21]],"date-time":"2026-06-21T14:50:05Z","timestamp":1782053405072,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,18]],"date-time":"2022-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1650240000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,18]],"date-time":"2022-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1650240000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Open access funding provided by Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Verona within the CRUI-CARE\nAgreement"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Musculoskelet Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Subtalar joint dislocation (1% of all dislocations) is the permanent loss of articular relationships in the talonavicular and talocalcaneal joints, without other involvement of the foot. Dislocation can occur medially (85%), laterally (15%), posteriorly (2.5%) and anteriorly (1%). Reduction can be performed by closed or open technique; lateral dislocations often require open reduction because of inclusion of soft tissues or bone fragments. Lateral dislocations are frequently complicated by bone exposure, risk of infection and associated soft tissues injuries.\n<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Aim of the study<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The aim of this study is to explain main characteristics and to clarify the most important pitfalls of subtalar dislocations.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We examined 47 articles published in the last thirty years (389 cases). For each dislocation we reviewed its main characteristics: direction, bone exposure, need for open reduction and for surgical stabilisation, associated injuries and method used for diagnosis.\n<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Medial dislocations (68.1%) has greater incidence compared to lateral ones (27.7%). Bone exposure (44.5%), associated lesions (44.5%) and need for surgical reduction (48.2%) are much more represented in lateral dislocation than in the others.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Subtalar dislocations, especially the lateral one, represent a challenge for surgeons. Lateral subtalar dislocation occurs following high-energy trauma often involving associated injuries. Closed reduction could be unsuccessful and patients must undergo surgical reduction. After reduction CT scan is recommended. Our narrative review confirms these findings.\n<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12306-022-00746-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,18]],"date-time":"2022-04-18T14:03:27Z","timestamp":1650290607000},"page":"337-344","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Subtalar dislocation: a narrative review"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"106","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4516-7608","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G.","family":"Lugani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2589-3266","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.","family":"Rigoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8692-4914","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L.","family":"Puddu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0093-2970","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.","family":"Santandrea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7899-3549","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F.","family":"Perusi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7067-931X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D.","family":"Mercurio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2440-8524","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F.","family":"Cont","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9112-9349","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"B.","family":"Magnan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5523-1354","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F.","family":"Cortese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"746_CR1","first-page":"81","volume":"11","author":"P Judcy","year":"1811","unstructured":"Judcy P (1811) Observation d\u2019une luxation metatarsienne. Bull Fac Med Paris 11:81\u201386","journal-title":"Bull Fac Med Paris"},{"issue":"1","key":"746_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1007\/s002640100296","volume":"26","author":"D Perugia","year":"2002","unstructured":"Perugia D, Basile A, Massoni C, Gumina S, Rossi F, Ferretti A (2002) Conservative treatment of subtalar dislocations. Int Orthop 26(1):56\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s002640100296 (PMID: 11954852)","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"key":"746_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198901000-00027","volume":"238","author":"TJ Zimmer","year":"1989","unstructured":"Zimmer TJ, Johnson KA (1989) Subtalar dislocations. Clin Orthop Relat Res 238:190\u2013194 (PMID: 2910600)","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"746_CR4","first-page":"820","volume-title":"Die Knochenbr\u00fcche und Verrenkungen","author":"JF Malgaigne","year":"1856","unstructured":"Malgaigne JF, Buerger CG (1856) Die Knochenbr\u00fcche und Verrenkungen. Rieger, Stuttgart, p 820"},{"issue":"3","key":"746_CR5","first-page":"585","volume":"26","author":"LW Plewes","year":"1944","unstructured":"Plewes LW, McKelvey KG (1944) Subtalar dislocation. J Bone Joint Surg Am 26(3):585\u2013588","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"746_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1156","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198163070-00013","volume":"63A","author":"ST Monson","year":"1981","unstructured":"Monson ST, Ryan JR (1981) Subtalar dislocation JBJS 63A:1156\u20131158 (PMID: 7276051)","journal-title":"Subtalar dislocation JBJS"},{"issue":"2","key":"746_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-199702000-00023","volume":"42","author":"S Inokuchi","year":"1997","unstructured":"Inokuchi S, Hashimoto T, Usami N (1997) Posterior subtalar dislocation. J Trauma 42(2):310\u2013313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00005373-199702000-00023 (PMID: 9042888)","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"746_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Goldner JL, Poletti SC, Gates HS 3rd, Richardson WJ. Severe open subtalar dislocations. Long-term results. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1995; 77(7):1075\u20139 doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2106\/00004623-199507000-00015 PMID: 7608231","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199507000-00015"},{"issue":"4","key":"746_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070102200409","volume":"22","author":"C Bibbo","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bibbo C, Lin SS, Abidi N, Berberian W, Grossman M, Gebauer G, Behrens FF (2001) Missed and associated injuries after subtalar dislocation: the role of CT. Foot Ankle Int 22(4):324\u2013328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/107110070102200409","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"746_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1186\/1752-1947-8-313","volume":"8","author":"M Azarkane","year":"2014","unstructured":"Azarkane M, Boussakri H, Alayyoubi A, Bachiri M, Elibrahimi A, Elmrini A (2014) Closed medial total subtalar joint dislocation without ankle fracture: a case report. J Med Case Reports 8(1):313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1752-1947-8-313 (PMID: 25240955)","journal-title":"J Med Case Reports"},{"issue":"1","key":"746_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.25.1.24","volume":"25","author":"K Bak","year":"1991","unstructured":"Bak K, Koch JS (1991) Subtalar dislocation in a handball player. Br J Sports Med 25(1):24. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjsm.25.1.24 (PMID: 1913026)","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"746_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fas.2011.04.005","volume":"17","author":"K Bali","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bali K, Kumar V, Bhagwat K, Rawall S (2011) Closed posterior subtalar dislocation without any associated fracture: a case report and review of the literature. Foot Ankle Surg 17(3):e40\u2013e42. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fas.2011.04.005 (PMID: 21783063)","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Surg"},{"key":"746_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8090721","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/8090721","volume":"2017","author":"S Banerjee","year":"2017","unstructured":"Banerjee S, Abousayed MM, Vanderbrook DJ, Bagchi K (2017) Lateral Subtalar dislocation with tarsometatarsal dislocation: a case report of a rare injury. Case Rep Orthop 2017:8090721. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2017\/8090721 (PMID: 28761771)","journal-title":"Case Rep Orthop"},{"issue":"2","key":"746_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070302400210","volume":"24","author":"C Bibbo","year":"2003","unstructured":"Bibbo C, Anderson RB, Davis WH (2003) Injury characteristics and the clinical outcome of subtalar dislocations: a clinical and radiographic analysis of 25 cases. Foot Ankle Int 24(2):158\u2013163. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/107110070302400210 (PMID: 12627624)","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"7","key":"746_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.3928\/01477447-20090527-25","volume":"32","author":"L Camarda","year":"2009","unstructured":"Camarda L, Martorana U, D\u2019Arienzo M (2009) Posterior subtalar dislocation. Orthopedics 32(7):530. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3928\/01477447-20090527-25 (PMID: 19634836)","journal-title":"Orthopedics"},{"issue":"1","key":"746_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1007\/s12306-015-0380-1","volume":"100","author":"L Camarda","year":"2016","unstructured":"Camarda L, Abruzzese A, La Gattuta A, Lentini R, D\u2019Arienzo M (2016) Results of closed subtalar dislocations. Musculoskelet Surg 100(1):63\u201369. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12306-015-0380-1 (PMID: 26254192)","journal-title":"Musculoskelet Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"746_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/S1607-551X(09)70275-X","volume":"21","author":"CY Chuo","year":"2005","unstructured":"Chuo CY, Lu CC, Liu PC, Shen WJ (2005) Anterior subtalar dislocation: a case report. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 21(1):40\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1607-551X(09)70275-X (PMID: 15754588)","journal-title":"Kaohsiung J Med Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"746_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-007-0459-8","volume":"128","author":"L de Palma","year":"2008","unstructured":"de Palma L, Santucci A, Marinelli M, Borgogno E, Catalani A (2008) Clinical outcome of closed isolated subtalar dislocations. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 128(6):593\u2013598. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00402-007-0459-8 (PMID: 17909825)","journal-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"746_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.3113\/fai.2008.0523","volume":"29","author":"L de Palma","year":"2008","unstructured":"de Palma L, Santucci A, Marinelli M (2008) Irreducible isolated subtalar dislocation: a case report. Foot Ankle Int 29(5):523\u2013526. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3113\/fai.2008.0523 (PMID: 18510909)","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"746_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398-199301000-00018","volume":"13","author":"R Dimentberg","year":"1993","unstructured":"Dimentberg R, Rosman M (1993) Peritalar dislocations in children. J Pediatr Orthop 13(1):89\u201393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01241398-199301000-00018 (PMID: 8416362)","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"issue":"9","key":"746_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-2197.1991.tb00320.x","volume":"61","author":"I Edmunds","year":"1991","unstructured":"Edmunds I, Elliott D, Nade S (1991) Open subtalar dislocation. Aust N Z J Surg 61(9):681\u2013686. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1445-2197.1991.tb00320.x (PMID: 1877937)","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Surg"},{"key":"746_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4076\/1757-1626-2-8793","author":"E Fotiadis","year":"2009","unstructured":"Fotiadis E, Lyrtzis C, Svarnas T, Koimtzis M, Akritopoulou K, Chalidis B (2009) Closed subtalar dislocation with non-displaced fractures of talus and navicular: a case report and review of the literature. Cases J. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4076\/1757-1626-2-8793 (PMID: 19918402)","journal-title":"Cases J"},{"key":"746_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7860\/JCDR\/2017\/27794.10553","author":"S Gaba","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gaba S, Kumar A, Trikha V, Das S, Agrawal P (2017) Posterior dislocation of subtalar joint without associated fracture: a case report and review of literature. J Clin Diagn Res. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7860\/JCDR\/2017\/27794.10553 (PMID: 29207793)","journal-title":"J Clin Diagn Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"746_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2004.03.008","volume":"43","author":"R Garofalo","year":"2004","unstructured":"Garofalo R, Moretti B, Ortolano V, Cariola P, Solarino G, Wettstein M, Mouhsine E (2004) Peritalar dislocations: a retrospective study of 18 cases. J Foot Ankle Surg 43(3):166\u2013172. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.jfas.2004.03.008 (PMID: 15181433)","journal-title":"J Foot Ankle Surg"},{"issue":"8","key":"746_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070302400813","volume":"24","author":"AY Giuffrida","year":"2003","unstructured":"Giuffrida AY, Lin SS, Abidi N, Berberian W, Berkman A, Behrens FF (2003) Pseudo os trigonum sign: missed posteromedial talar facet fracture. Foot Ankle Int 24(8):642\u2013649. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/107110070302400813 (PMID: 12956572)","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"6","key":"746_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e10","DOI":"10.1308\/003588414X13946184902802","volume":"96","author":"Y Ghani","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ghani Y, Marenah K, Kumar PA (2014) Isolated proximal rupture of flexor digitorum longus tendon in a traumatic open subtalar dislocation. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 96(6):e10\u2013e12. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1308\/003588414X13946184902802 (PMID: 25198961)","journal-title":"Ann R Coll Surg Engl"},{"issue":"3","key":"746_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.5312\/wjo.v6.i3.374","volume":"6","author":"D Giannoulis","year":"2015","unstructured":"Giannoulis D, Papadopoulos DV, Lykissas MG, Koulouvaris P, Gkiatas I, Mavrodontidis A (2015) Subtalar dislocation without associated fractures: Case report and review of literature. World J Orthop 6(3):374\u2013379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5312\/wjo.v6.i3.374 (PMID: 25893182)","journal-title":"World J Orthop"},{"issue":"9","key":"746_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-014-2040-6","volume":"134","author":"F Hoexum","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hoexum F, Heetveld MJ (2014) Subtalar dislocation: two cases requiring surgery and a literature review of the last 25 years. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 134(9):1237\u20131249. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00402-014-2040-6 (PMID: 24993588)","journal-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg"},{"key":"746_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2015-213835","author":"SH Hui","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hui SH, Lui TH (2016) Anterior subtalar dislocation with comminuted fracture of the anterior calcaneal process. BMJ Case Rep. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bcr-2015-213835 (PMID: 26887882)","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"746_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/S0958-2592(96)90016-4","volume":"6","author":"S Inokuchi","year":"1996","unstructured":"Inokuchi S, Hashimoto T, Usami N, Ogawa K (1996) Subtalar dislocation of the foot. Foot 6(4):168\u2013174. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0958-2592(96)90016-4","journal-title":"Foot"},{"key":"746_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3827\/faoj.2011.0411.0001","author":"MR Jayaprakash","year":"2011","unstructured":"Jayaprakash MR, Kulumbi V, Sampagar A, Umarani C (2011) Lateral subtalar dislocation of the foot: a case report. Foot Ankle Online J. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3827\/faoj.2011.0411.0001","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Online J"},{"issue":"1","key":"746_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2006.10.003","volume":"46","author":"JT Jerome","year":"2007","unstructured":"Jerome JT, Varghese M, Sankaran B (2007) Anteromedial subtalar dislocation. J Foot Ankle Surg 46(1):52\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.jfas.2006.10.003 (PMID: 17198954)","journal-title":"J Foot Ankle Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"746_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fas.2007.08.002","volume":"14","author":"JT Jerome","year":"2008","unstructured":"Jerome JT (2008) Antero-lateral subtalar dislocation. Foot Ankle Surg 14(1):36\u201339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fas.2007.08.002 (PMID: 19083610)","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Surg"},{"issue":"12","key":"746_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.3827\/faoj.2008.0112.0002","volume":"1","author":"JTJ Jerome","year":"2008","unstructured":"Jerome JTJ, Varghese M, Sankaran B, Thirumagal K (2008) Lateral subtalar dislocation of the foot: a case report. The Foot & Ankle Journal 1(12):2. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3827\/faoj.2008.0112.0002","journal-title":"The Foot & Ankle Journal"},{"issue":"4","key":"746_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.I.00490","volume":"92","author":"P Jungbluth","year":"2010","unstructured":"Jungbluth P, Wild M, Hakimi M, Gehrmann S, Djurisic M, Windolf J, Muhr G, K\u00e4licke T (2010) Isolated subtalar dislocation. J Bone Joint Surg Am 92(4):890\u2013894. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2106\/JBJS.I.00490 (PMID: 20360512)","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"7","key":"746_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070102200715","volume":"22","author":"T Kanda","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kanda T, Sakai H, Koseki K, Tamai K, Takeyama N, Saotome K (2001) Anterior dislocation of the subtalar joint: a case report. Foot Ankle Int 22(7):609\u2013611. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/107110070102200715 (PMID: 11503990)","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"2","key":"746_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fas.2013.12.005","volume":"20","author":"PK Karampinas","year":"2014","unstructured":"Karampinas PK, Kavroudakis E, Polyzois V, Vlamis J, Pneumaticos S (2014) Open talar dislocations without associated fractures. Foot Ankle Surg 20(2):100\u2013104. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fas.2013.12.005 (PMID: 24796827)","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"746_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1007\/s002640050396","volume":"23","author":"H Kinik","year":"1999","unstructured":"Kinik H, Oktay O, Arikan M, Mergen E (1999) Medial subtalar dislocation. Int Orthop 23(6):366\u2013367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s002640050396 (PMID: 10741528)","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"issue":"6","key":"746_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2003.09.004","volume":"42","author":"KM Krishnan","year":"2003","unstructured":"Krishnan KM, Sinha AK (2003) True posterior dislocation of subtalar joint: a case report. J Foot Ankle Surg 42(6):363\u2013365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.jfas.2003.09.004 (PMID: 14688779)","journal-title":"J Foot Ankle Surg"},{"key":"746_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3827\/faoj.2014.0703.0004","author":"V Kulambi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kulambi V, Gaurav M (2014) Lateral subtalar dislocation: a case report. Foot Ankle Online J. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3827\/faoj.2014.0703.0004","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Online J"},{"issue":"1","key":"746_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1007\/s10195-011-0126-2","volume":"12","author":"NG Lasanianos","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lasanianos NG, Lyras DN, Mouzopoulos G, Tsutseos N, Garnavos C (2011) Early mobilization after uncomplicated medial subtalar dislocation provides successful functional results. J Orthop Traumatol 12(1):37\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10195-011-0126-2 (PMID: 21308390)","journal-title":"J Orthop Traumatol"},{"key":"746_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2014-208828","author":"P McKeag","year":"2015","unstructured":"McKeag P, Lyske J, Reaney J, Thompson N (2015) Subtalar dislocation secondary to a low energy injury. BMJ Case Rep. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bcr-2014-208828 (PMID: 25650063)","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"issue":"9","key":"746_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2006.02.051","volume":"37","author":"S Milenkovic","year":"2006","unstructured":"Milenkovic S, Mitkovic M, Bumbasirevic M (2006) External fixation of open subtalar dislocation. Injury 37(9):909\u2013913. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.injury.2006.02.051 (PMID:16769070)","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"2","key":"746_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-1383(92)90041-p","volume":"23","author":"EC Merchan","year":"1992","unstructured":"Merchan EC (1992) Subtalar dislocations: long-term follow-up of 39 cases. Injury 23(2):97\u2013100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0020-1383(92)90041-p (PMID: 1572724)","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"1","key":"746_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2016.01.044","volume":"56","author":"F Ruhlmann","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ruhlmann F, Poujardieu C, Vernois J, Gayet LE (2017) Isolated acute traumatic subtalar dislocations: review of 13 cases at a mean follow-up of 6 years and literature review. J Foot Ankle Surg 56(1):201\u2013207. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.jfas.2016.01.044 (PMID: 26947001)","journal-title":"J Foot Ankle Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"746_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foot.2006.07.006","volume":"17","author":"F Specchiulli","year":"2007","unstructured":"Specchiulli F, Gabrieli R, Di Carlo V, Maiorana B (2007) Peritalar dislocations. Foot 17(1):10\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.foot.2006.07.006","journal-title":"Foot"},{"key":"746_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-03-2012-3973","author":"H Stafford","year":"2013","unstructured":"Stafford H, Boggess B, Toth A, Berkoff D (2013) Anteromedial subtalar dislocation. BMJ Case Rep. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bcr-03-2012-3973 (PMID: 23355551)","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"746_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/s1067-2516(98)80118-x","volume":"37","author":"DJ Tucker","year":"1998","unstructured":"Tucker DJ, Burian G, Boylan JP (1998) Lateral subtalar dislocation: review of the literature and case presentation. J Foot Ankle Surg 37(3):239\u2013247. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s1067-2516(98)80118-x (PMID: 9638551)","journal-title":"J Foot Ankle Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"746_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1007\/s002640050035","volume":"20","author":"T Ruiz Valdivieso","year":"1996","unstructured":"Ruiz Valdivieso T, Miguel Vielba JA, Hernandez Garcia C, Castrillo AV, Alvarez Posadas JI, Sanchez Martin MM (1996) Subtalar dislocation. Int Orthopaed 20(2):83\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s002640050035","journal-title":"Int Orthopaed"},{"issue":"9","key":"746_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.5312\/wjo.v7.i9.623","volume":"7","author":"ES Veltman","year":"2016","unstructured":"Veltman ES, Steller EJ, Wittich P, Keizer J (2016) Lateral subtalar dislocation: case report and review of the literature. World J Orthop 7(9):623\u2013627. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5312\/wjo.v7.i9.623 (PMID: 27672576)","journal-title":"World J Orthop"},{"key":"746_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2004.07.010","author":"R Wagner","year":"2004","unstructured":"Wagner R, Blattert TR, Weckbach A (2004) Talar dislocations. Injury. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.injury.2004.07.010 (PMID: 15315877)","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"746_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jscr\/rjy168","author":"B Yglesias","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yglesias B, Andrews K, Hamilton R, Lea J, Shah R, Ebraheim N (2018) Case report: irreducible medial subtalar dislocation with incarcerated anterior talar head fracture in a young patient. J Surg Case Rep. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jscr\/rjy168 (PMID: 30046437)","journal-title":"J Surg Case Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"746_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.13107\/jocr.2250-0685.688","volume":"7","author":"M Zaraa","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zaraa M, Jerbi I, Mahjoub S, Sehli H, Mbarek M (2017) Irreducible subtalar dislocation caused by sustentaculum tali incarceration. J Orthop Case Rep 7(1):58\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.13107\/jocr.2250-0685.688 (PMID: 28630842)","journal-title":"J Orthop Case Rep"},{"key":"746_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-195436020-00008","volume":"36","author":"B Leitner","year":"1954","unstructured":"Leitner B (1954) Obstacles to reduction in subtalar dislocations. J Bone Joint Surg Am 36:299\u2013306 (PMID: 13152139)","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"746_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-195537040-00016","volume":"37","author":"RD Mulroy","year":"1955","unstructured":"Mulroy RD (1955) The tibialis posterior tendon as an obstacle to reduction of a lateral anterior subtalar dislocation. J Bone Joint Surg Am 37:859\u201363 (PMID: 13242616)","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"3","key":"746_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079601700309","volume":"17","author":"DR Bohay","year":"1996","unstructured":"Bohay DR, Manoli A 2nd (1996) Occult fractures following subtalar joint injuries. Foot Ankle Int 17(3):164\u2013169. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/107110079601700309 (PMID: 8919622)","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"10","key":"746_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1234","DOI":"10.3928\/0147-7447-19851001-07","volume":"8","author":"S Lancaster","year":"1985","unstructured":"Lancaster S, Horowitz M, Alonso J (1985) Subtalar dislocations: a prognosticating classification. Orthopedics 8(10):1234\u20131240 (PMID: 2869474)","journal-title":"Orthopedics"},{"issue":"7","key":"746_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079401500701","volume":"15","author":"HB Kitaoka","year":"1994","unstructured":"Kitaoka HB, Alexander IJ, Adelaar RS, Nunley JA, Myerson MS, Sanders M (1994) Clinical rating systems for the ankle-hindfoot, midfoot, hallux, and lesser toes. Foot Ankle Int 15(7):349\u2013353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/107110079401500701 (PMID: 7951968)","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"}],"container-title":["MUSCULOSKELETAL SURGERY"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12306-022-00746-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12306-022-00746-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12306-022-00746-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,29]],"date-time":"2022-10-29T19:46:36Z","timestamp":1667072796000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12306-022-00746-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,18]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["746"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12306-022-00746-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["2035-5106","2035-5114"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2035-5106","type":"print"},{"value":"2035-5114","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"27 July 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 March 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 April 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 July 2022","order":4,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Update","order":5,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Missing Open Access funding information has been added in the Funding Note","order":6,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"the authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}