{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T16:39:40Z","timestamp":1740155980048,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,31]],"date-time":"2024-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717113600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,31]],"date-time":"2024-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717113600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Musculoskelet Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Spine surgeries are associated with significant blood loss due to the extensive soft tissue dissection, bony decompression, and prolonged surgical time. Excessive bleeding may require blood transfusions and thereby increase the risk of adverse transfusion reactions. Therefore, minimizing peri-operative bleeding is important for spine surgeons to reduce post-operative morbidity. Tranexamic acid (TXA) is a synthetic anti-fibrinolytic drug, which helps in reducing perioperative blood loss in major surgeries. The evidence on the efficacy of this agent in all manner of spine surgeries is not sufficient. Hence this study was conducted to determine the efficacy of TXA on perioperative blood loss in major spinal surgeries. In a prospective study, two groups of patients with similar surgical profiles who were posted for all manner of open spine surgeries were included. One group received one gram of intravenous TXA while the others did not. Intra- and post-operative assessments included noting levels of surgery, duration of surgery, assessment of blood loss, intra- and\/or post- operative blood transfusion, and blood collected in surgical drain at the end of 24\u00a0h. The intra-operative blood loss, frequency of intra-operative blood transfusion, post-operative Hemoglobin drop, and surgical drain output were found to be significantly lower in patients who received TXA. In spine surgeries, TXA was found to be effective in reducing intra-operative blood loss, need for intra-operative blood transfusion and post-operative Hb drop. Also, TXA had reduced surgical drain output significantly between the two groups.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12306-024-00826-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,31]],"date-time":"2024-05-31T13:02:55Z","timestamp":1717160575000},"page":"443-447","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Role of tranexamic acid in reducing peri-operative blood loss in open spine surgeries"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"108","author":[{"given":"Madhava Pai","family":"Kanhangad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"V.","family":"Ramachandra Theja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9545-4838","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shyamasunder N.","family":"Bhat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,31]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"826_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198509000-00007","volume":"10","author":"RD McEvoy","year":"1985","unstructured":"McEvoy RD, Bradford DS (1985) The management of burst fractures of the thoracic and lumbar spine: experience in 53 patients. Spine 10(7):631\u2013637","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"5","key":"826_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200003010-00010","volume":"25","author":"GA Nuttall","year":"2000","unstructured":"Nuttall GA, Horlocker TT, Santrach PJ, Oliver WC Jr, Dekutoski MB, Bryant S (2000) Predictors of blood transfusions in spinal instrumentation and fusion surgery. Spine 25(5):596\u2013601","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"826_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199205000-00008","volume":"278","author":"MJ Behrman","year":"1992","unstructured":"Behrman MJ, Keim HA (1992) Perioperative red blood cell salvage in spine surgery. A prospective analysis. Clin Orthop Relat Res 278:51\u201357","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"826_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5049.144648","volume":"58","author":"S Yaddanapudi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yaddanapudi S, Yaddanapudi LN (2014) Indications for blood and blood product transfusion. Indian J Anaesth 58(5):538","journal-title":"Indian J Anaesth"},{"issue":"7","key":"826_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2617","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-07-077370","volume":"112","author":"HJ Alter","year":"2008","unstructured":"Alter HJ, Klein HG (2008) The hazards of blood transfusion in historical perspective. Blood 112(7):2617\u20132626","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"5","key":"826_CR6","first-page":"307","volume":"1","author":"SG Sandler","year":"2003","unstructured":"Sandler SG, Yu H, Rassai N (2003) Risks of blood transfusion and their prevention. Clin Adv Hematol Oncol 1(5):307\u2013313","journal-title":"Clin Adv Hematol Oncol"},{"issue":"4","key":"826_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3148.2003.00443.x","volume":"13","author":"SJ Varney","year":"2003","unstructured":"Varney SJ, Guest JF (2003) The annual cost of blood transfusions in the UK. Transfus Med 13(4):205\u2013218","journal-title":"Transfus Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"826_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3310\/hta17100","volume":"17","author":"I Roberts","year":"2013","unstructured":"Roberts I, Shakur H, Coats T, Hunt B, Balogun E, Barnetson L, Cook L, Kawahara T, Perel P, Prieto-Merino D, Ramos M (2013) The CRASH-2 trial: a randomised controlled trial and economic evaluation of the effects of tranexamic acid on death, vascular occlusive events and transfusion requirement in bleeding trauma patients. Health Technol Assess 17(10):1\u201379","journal-title":"Health Technol Assess"},{"issue":"9771","key":"826_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60278-X","volume":"377","author":"Crash-2 Collaborators","year":"2011","unstructured":"Crash-2 Collaborators (2011) The importance of early treatment with tranexamic acid in bleeding trauma patients: an exploratory analysis of the CRASH-2 randomised controlled trial. Lancet 377(9771):1096\u20131101","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"826_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-227X-12-3","volume":"12","author":"K Ker","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ker K, Kiriya J, Perel P, Edwards P, Shakur H, Roberts I (2012) Avoidable mortality from giving tranexamic acid to bleeding trauma patients: an estimation based on WHO mortality data, a systematic literature review and data from the CRASH-2 trial. BMC Emerg Med 12(1):1\u20137","journal-title":"BMC Emerg Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"826_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.9193","volume":"100","author":"K Ker","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ker K, Prieto-Merino D, Roberts I (2013) Systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression of the effect of tranexamic acid on surgical blood loss. J Br Surg 100(10):1271\u20131279","journal-title":"J Br Surg"},{"issue":"48","key":"826_CR12","first-page":"824","volume":"114","author":"M Goldstein","year":"2017","unstructured":"Goldstein M, Feldmann C, Wulf H, Wiesmann T (2017) Tranexamic acid prophylaxis in hip and knee joint replacement. Dtsch Aerzteblatt Int 114(48):824","journal-title":"Dtsch Aerzteblatt Int"},{"issue":"9","key":"826_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1950","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-013-2774-9","volume":"22","author":"ZJ Li","year":"2013","unstructured":"Li ZJ, Fu X, Xing D, Zhang HF, Zang JC, Ma XL (2013) Is tranexamic acid effective and safe in spinal surgery? A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Eur Spine J 22(9):1950\u20131957","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"1","key":"826_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.4038\/slja.v25i1.8182","volume":"25","author":"K Basavaraj","year":"2017","unstructured":"Basavaraj K, Hegde R (2017) A randomized prospective study of efficacy of tranexamic acid on perioperative blood loss in thoracic spine fixation. Sri Lankan J Anaesthesiol 25(1):13\u201318","journal-title":"Sri Lankan J Anaesthesiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"826_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.13489","volume":"71","author":"AA Klein","year":"2016","unstructured":"Klein AA, Arnold P, Bingham RM, Brohi K, Clark R, Collis R, Gill R, McSporran W, Moor P, Rao Baikady R, Richards T (2016) AAGBI guidelines: the use of blood components and their alternatives 2016. Anaesthesia 71(7):829\u2013842","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"issue":"5","key":"826_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1479","DOI":"10.1213\/ane.0b013e3181831e44","volume":"107","author":"J Wong","year":"2008","unstructured":"Wong J, El Beheiry H, Rampersaud YR, Lewis S, Ahn H, De Silva Y, Abrishami A, Baig N, McBroom RJ, Chung F (2008) Tranexamic acid reduces perioperative blood loss in adult patients having spinal fusion surgery. Anesth Analg 107(5):1479\u20131486","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"826_CR17","unstructured":"Elwatidy S, Jamjoom Z, Elgamal E, Zakaria A, Turkistani A, El-Dawlatly A. Efficacy and safety of prophylactic large dose of tranexamic acid in spine surgery: a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study."},{"issue":"9","key":"826_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2035","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-013-2836-z","volume":"22","author":"Q Wang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wang Q, Liu J, Fan R, Chen Y, Yu H, Bi Y, Hua Z, Piao M, Guo M, Ren W, Xiang L (2013) Tranexamic acid reduces postoperative blood loss of degenerative lumbar instability with stenosis in posterior approach lumbar surgery: a randomized controlled trial. Eur Spine J 22(9):2035\u20132038","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"}],"container-title":["MUSCULOSKELETAL SURGERY"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12306-024-00826-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12306-024-00826-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12306-024-00826-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,21]],"date-time":"2024-11-21T11:12:53Z","timestamp":1732187573000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12306-024-00826-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,31]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["826"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12306-024-00826-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["2035-5106","2035-5114"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2035-5106"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2035-5114"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 January 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 May 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 May 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"None","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}