{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T21:05:12Z","timestamp":1789247112455,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,26]],"date-time":"2024-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724630400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,26]],"date-time":"2024-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724630400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Hematopathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12308-024-00602-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,26]],"date-time":"2024-08-26T10:03:09Z","timestamp":1724666589000},"page":"259-264","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Complete loss of lineage defining antigens in two cases of B-cell malignancies following CAR-T therapy"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8272-0279","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alireza","family":"Torabi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason","family":"Love","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Hyun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angie","family":"Pham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jordan","family":"Gauthier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandre","family":"Hirayama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kikkeri","family":"Naresh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,26]]},"reference":[{"issue":"27","key":"602_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3119","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.19.02104","volume":"38","author":"LJ Nastoupil","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nastoupil LJ, Jain MD, Feng L, Spiegel JY, Ghobadi A, Lin Y, Dahiya S, Lunning M, Lekakis L, Reagan P et al (2020) Standard-of-care axicabtagene ciloleucel for relapsed or refractory large B-cell lymphoma: results from the US Lymphoma CAR T Consortium. J Clin Oncol 38(27):3119\u20133128","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"19","key":"602_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9543","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1819745116","volume":"116","author":"J Xu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Xu J, Chen LJ, Yang SS, Sun Y, Wu W, Liu YF, Xu J, Zhuang Y, Zhang W, Weng XQ et al (2019) Exploratory trial of a biepitopic CAR T-targeting B cell maturation antigen in relapsed\/refractory multiple myeloma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 116(19):9543\u20139551","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"602_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2019.12.002","volume":"65","author":"N Singh","year":"2020","unstructured":"Singh N, Orlando E, Xu J, Xu J, Binder Z, Collins MA, O\u2019Rourke DM, Melenhorst JJ (2020) Mechanisms of resistance to CAR T cell therapies. Semin Cancer Biol 65:91\u201398","journal-title":"Semin Cancer Biol"},{"issue":"S1","key":"602_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S28","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.25428","volume":"94","author":"SP Susanibar Adaniya","year":"2019","unstructured":"Susanibar Adaniya SP, Cohen AD, Garfall AL (2019) Chimeric antigen receptor T cell immunotherapy for multiple myeloma: a review of current data and potential clinical applications. Am J Hematol 94(S1):S28\u2013S33","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"issue":"7","key":"602_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1879","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2019.220962","volume":"105","author":"R Aplenc","year":"2020","unstructured":"Aplenc R, Meshinchi S, Sung L, Alonzo T, Choi J, Fisher B, Gerbing R, Hirsch B, Horton T, Kahwash S et al (2020) Bortezomib with standard chemotherapy for children with acute myeloid leukemia does not improve treatment outcomes: a report from the Children\u2019s Oncology Group. Haematologica 105(7):1879\u20131886","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"issue":"4","key":"602_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmoldx.2012.03.002","volume":"14","author":"CC Pritchard","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pritchard CC, Smith C, Salipante SJ, Lee MK, Thornton AM, Nord AS, Gulden C, Kupfer SS, Swisher EM, Bennett RL et al (2012) ColoSeq provides comprehensive lynch and polyposis syndrome mutational analysis using massively parallel sequencing. J Mol Diagn 14(4):357\u2013366","journal-title":"J Mol Diagn"},{"issue":"1","key":"602_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmoldx.2013.08.004","volume":"16","author":"CC Pritchard","year":"2014","unstructured":"Pritchard CC, Salipante SJ, Koehler K, Smith C, Scroggins S, Wood B, Wu D, Lee MK, Dintzis S, Adey A et al (2014) Validation and implementation of targeted capture and sequencing for the detection of actionable mutation, copy number variation, and gene rearrangement in clinical cancer specimens. J Mol Diagn 16(1):56\u201367","journal-title":"J Mol Diagn"},{"issue":"20","key":"602_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5010","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20205010","volume":"20","author":"MK Song","year":"2019","unstructured":"Song MK, Park BB, Uhm JE (2019) Resistance mechanisms to CAR T-cell therapy and overcoming strategy in B-cell hematologic malignancies. Int J Mol Sci 20(20):5010","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"26","key":"602_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2531","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1707447","volume":"377","author":"SS Neelapu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Neelapu SS, Locke FL, Bartlett NL, Lekakis LJ, Miklos DB, Jacobson CA, Braunschweig I, Oluwole OO, Siddiqi T, Lin Y et al (2017) Axicabtagene ciloleucel CAR T-cell therapy in refractory large B-cell lymphoma. N Engl J Med 377(26):2531\u20132544","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"Supplement 1","key":"602_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4656","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2018-99-120206","volume":"132","author":"J Oak","year":"2018","unstructured":"Oak J, Spiegel JY, Sahaf B, Natkunam Y, Long SR, Hossain N, Mackall CL, Kong KA, Miklos DB (2018) Target antigen downregulation and other mechanisms of failure after axicabtagene ciloleucel (CAR19) therapy. Blood 132(Supplement 1):4656","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"4","key":"602_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2020.266841","volume":"108","author":"X Zhou","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhou X, Rasche L, Kortum KM, Mersi J, Einsele H (2023) BCMA loss in the epoch of novel immunotherapy for multiple myeloma: from biology to clinical practice. Haematologica 108(4):958\u2013968","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"issue":"6","key":"602_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2210","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI126397","volume":"129","author":"AD Cohen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cohen AD, Garfall AL, Stadtmauer EA, Melenhorst JJ, Lacey SF, Lancaster E, Vogl DT, Weiss BM, Dengel K, Nelson A et al (2019) B cell maturation antigen-specific CAR T cells are clinically active in multiple myeloma. J Clin Invest 129(6):2210\u20132221","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"10","key":"602_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-18-0442","volume":"8","author":"RG Majzner","year":"2018","unstructured":"Majzner RG, Mackall CL (2018) Tumor antigen escape from CAR T-cell therapy. Cancer Discov 8(10):1219\u20131226","journal-title":"Cancer Discov"},{"issue":"10","key":"602_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1504","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-018-0146-z","volume":"24","author":"EJ Orlando","year":"2018","unstructured":"Orlando EJ, Han X, Tribouley C, Wood PA, Leary RJ, Riester M, Levine JE, Qayed M, Grupp SA, Boyer M et al (2018) Genetic mechanisms of target antigen loss in CAR19 therapy of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Nat Med 24(10):1504\u20131506","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"602_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1282","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-15-1020","volume":"5","author":"E Sotillo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sotillo E, Barrett DM, Black KL, Bagashev A, Oldridge D, Wu G, Sussman R, Lanauze C, Ruella M, Gazzara MR et al (2015) Convergence of acquired mutations and alternative splicing of CD19 enables resistance to CART-19 immunotherapy. Cancer Discov 5(12):1282\u20131295","journal-title":"Cancer Discov"},{"issue":"8","key":"602_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e002352","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2021-002352","volume":"9","author":"A Ledererova","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ledererova A, Dostalova L, Kozlova V, Peschelova H, Ladungova A, Culen M, Loja T, Verner J, Pospisilova S, Smida M et al (2021) Hypermethylation of CD19 promoter enables antigen-negative escape to CART-19 in vivo and in vitro. J Immunother Cancer 9(8):e002352","journal-title":"J Immunother Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"602_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2016-05-718395","volume":"129","author":"F Braig","year":"2017","unstructured":"Braig F, Brandt A, Goebeler M, Tony HP, Kurze AK, Nollau P, Bumm T, Bottcher S, Bargou RC, Binder M (2017) Resistance to anti-CD19\/CD3 BiTE in acute lymphoblastic leukemia may be mediated by disrupted CD19 membrane trafficking. Blood 129(1):100\u2013104","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"4","key":"602_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01245-5","volume":"27","author":"MC Da Via","year":"2021","unstructured":"Da Via MC, Dietrich O, Truger M, Arampatzi P, Duell J, Heidemeier A, Zhou X, Danhof S, Kraus S, Chatterjee M et al (2021) Homozygous BCMA gene deletion in response to anti-BCMA CAR T cells in a patient with multiple myeloma. Nat Med 27(4):616\u2013619","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"602_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2020-137650","volume":"136","author":"N Leblay","year":"2020","unstructured":"Leblay N, Maity R, Barakat E, McCulloch S, Duggan P, Jimenez-Zepeda V, Bahlis NJ, Neri P (2020) Cite-Seq profiling of T cells in multiple myeloma patients undergoing BCMA targeting CAR-T or bites immunotherapy. Blood 136(1):11\u201312","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"1","key":"602_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-21177-5","volume":"12","author":"MK Samur","year":"2021","unstructured":"Samur MK, Fulciniti M, Aktas Samur A, Bazarbachi AH, Tai YT, Prabhala R, Alonso A, Sperling AS, Campbell T, Petrocca F et al (2021) Biallelic loss of BCMA as a resistance mechanism to CAR T cell therapy in a patient with multiple myeloma. Nat Commun 12(1):868","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"5","key":"602_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1097\/CJI.0000000000000169","volume":"40","author":"J Fischer","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fischer J, Paret C, El Malki K, Alt F, Wingerter A, Neu MA, Kron B, Russo A, Lehmann N, Roth L et al (2017) CD19 isoforms enabling resistance to CART-19 immunotherapy are expressed in B-ALL patients at initial diagnosis. J Immunother 40(5):187\u2013195","journal-title":"J Immunother"},{"issue":"1","key":"602_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E11","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.24594","volume":"92","author":"H Yu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yu H, Sotillo E, Harrington C, Wertheim G, Paessler M, Maude SL, Rheingold SR, Grupp SA, Thomas-Tikhonenko A, Pillai V (2017) Repeated loss of target surface antigen after immunotherapy in primary mediastinal large B cell lymphoma. Am J Hematol 92(1):E11\u2013E13","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"issue":"5","key":"602_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e215","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2017.183459","volume":"103","author":"H Shalabi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Shalabi H, Kraft IL, Wang HW, Yuan CM, Yates B, Delbrook C, Zimbelman JD, Giller R, Stetler-Stevenson M, Jaffe ES et al (2018) Sequential loss of tumor surface antigens following chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapies in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Haematologica 103(5):e215\u2013e218","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"issue":"7750","key":"602_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1054-1","volume":"568","author":"M Hamieh","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hamieh M, Dobrin A, Cabriolu A, van der Stegen SJC, Giavridis T, Mansilla-Soto J, Eyquem J, Zhao Z, Whitlock BM, Miele MM et al (2019) CAR T cell trogocytosis and cooperative killing regulate tumour antigen escape. Nature 568(7750):112\u2013116","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"10","key":"602_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1499","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-018-0201-9","volume":"24","author":"M Ruella","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ruella M, Xu J, Barrett DM, Fraietta JA, Reich TJ, Ambrose DE, Klichinsky M, Shestova O, Patel PR, Kulikovskaya I et al (2018) Induction of resistance to chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy by transduction of a single leukemic B cell. Nat Med 24(10):1499\u20131503","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"602_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000001834","volume":"46","author":"C Laurent","year":"2022","unstructured":"Laurent C, Syrykh C, Hamon M, Adelaide J, Guille A, Escudie F, Jalowicki G, Fina F, Bardet A, Mescam L et al (2022) Resistance of B-cell lymphomas to CAR T-cell therapy is associated with genomic tumor changes which can result in transdifferentiation. Am J Surg Pathol 46(6):742\u2013753","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"issue":"4","key":"602_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1007\/s12308-022-00519-2","volume":"15","author":"E Gauto-Mariotti","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gauto-Mariotti E, Nguyen AJ, Waters C, Scurti GM, Haddad S, Velankar MM, Dalheim AV, Dronzek V, Ketterling RP, Nishimura MI et al (2022) Transdifferentiation of high-grade B-cell lymphoma with MYC and BCL2 rearrangements into histiocytic sarcoma after CAR T-cell therapy: a case report. J Hematop 15(4):229\u2013237","journal-title":"J Hematop"}],"container-title":["Journal of Hematopathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12308-024-00602-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12308-024-00602-w\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12308-024-00602-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T18:14:02Z","timestamp":1764267242000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12308-024-00602-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,26]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["602"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12308-024-00602-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["1868-9256","1865-5785"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1868-9256","type":"print"},{"value":"1865-5785","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 June 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 August 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 August 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"For this type of study, formal consent is not required. This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"For this type of study, informed consent is not required. This study has obtained IRB approval from University of Washington and the need for informed consent was waived.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}},{"value":"For this type of study, consent for publication is not required.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}