{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T01:31:10Z","timestamp":1788571870686,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]],"date-time":"2025-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765584000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":12,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Hematopathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Expression of TRBC1 and TRBC2 is increasingly assessed in the evaluation for clonal T-cell populations. While flow cytometry has repeatedly shown utility in evaluating TRBC 1\/2 expression, immunohistochemical (IHC) methods have not been extensively examined, particularly in immature T-cell populations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study evaluated TRBC1 IHC staining in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue, encompassing benign thymic tissue, thymomas, and T-lymphoblastic leukemias\/lymphomas (T-LL).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>IHC for TRBC1, CD3, TCR-BF1, and TCR-\u03b4 was performed in all cases; TdT was performed on all T-LLs. TRBC1 was scored as positively restricted (\u2265\u200985%), negatively restricted (\u2264\u200915%), or polytypic (16\u201384%) in T cells, using CD3 and\/or TdT staining as the denominator.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      All thymic tissues (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20096) and thymomas (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20095) showed polytypic TRBC1 staining patterns. Twenty-four T-LL specimens were identified from 21 patients, including bone marrow (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200916), lymph node (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20097), and bone (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20091) biopsies. All T-LL cases showed positively (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20093 patients, 14%) or negatively (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200918 patients, 86%) restricted TRBC1 expression. Patients with multiple specimens showed consistent TRBC1 staining across tissue sites and sampling time points. Coexpression analysis of TRBC1, TCR-BF1, and TCR-\u03b4 staining revealed frequent TRBC1-negative cases with either TCR-\u03b4\u2009+\u2009(\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20096, 29%) or TCR null (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20097, 33%) phenotypes. TRBC1 IHC restriction and molecular methods for clonality assessment were concordant in 13 of 15 evaluated cases (87%).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>T-LL showed restricted patterns of TRBC1 expression by IHC, whereas benign immature T-cell populations showed polytypic staining. The observed TCR and TRBC1 phenotypes of T-LL are distinct from those of mature T-cell neoplasms and warrant further study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12308-025-00674-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]],"date-time":"2025-12-13T07:32:34Z","timestamp":1765611154000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Immunohistochemical evaluation of T cell receptor and T cell receptor beta constant 1 expression distinguishes benign and neoplastic immature T-cell populations and reveals discrete TRBC1\/TCR phenotypes"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Sahil","family":"Chaudhary","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth L.","family":"Courville","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey","family":"Craig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanessa","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9149-5384","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Margaret","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"674_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jclinpath-2017-204761","author":"E Mahe","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mahe E, Pugh T, Kamel-Reid S (2018) T cell clonality assessment: past, present and future. 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