{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T01:47:54Z","timestamp":1789091274268,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]],"date-time":"2025-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757462400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]],"date-time":"2025-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757462400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"STI2030-Major Projects","award":["2021ZD0200800"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021ZD0200800"]}]},{"name":"Scientific Foundation of Institute of Psychology","award":["E2CX3415CX"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E2CX3415CX"]}]},{"name":"Philip K. H. Wong Foundation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cerebellum"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s12311-025-01902-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]],"date-time":"2025-09-10T09:37:54Z","timestamp":1757497074000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Cerebellar Stimulation Modulates Reward Processing: A High-definition Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Xuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin-ting","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ling-ling","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon S. Y.","family":"Lui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raymond C. K.","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"1902_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-2236(03)00233-9","volume":"26","author":"KC Berridge","year":"2003","unstructured":"Berridge KC, Robinson TE. Parsing reward. Trends Neurosci. 2003;26:507\u201313.","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"key":"1902_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2008.12.014","volume":"9","author":"KC Berridge","year":"2009","unstructured":"Berridge KC, Robinson TE, Aldridge JW. Dissecting components of reward: liking, wanting, and learning. Curr Opin Pharmacol. 2009;9:65\u201373.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pharmacol"},{"key":"1902_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2007.03.008","volume":"93","author":"DE Gard","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gard DE, Kring AM, Gard MG, Horan WP, Green MF. Anhedonia in schizophrenia: distinctions between anticipatory and consummatory pleasure. Schizophr Res. 2007;93:253\u201360.","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"1902_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.20220423","volume":"179","author":"DA Pizzagalli","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pizzagalli DA. Toward a better Understanding of the mechanisms and pathophysiology of anhedonia: are we ready for translation?? Am J Psychiat. 2022;179:458\u201369.","journal-title":"Am J Psychiat"},{"key":"1902_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2016.3084","volume":"74","author":"M Luijten","year":"2017","unstructured":"Luijten M, Schellekens AF, K\u00fchn S, Machielse MWJ, Sescousse G. Disruption of reward processing in addiction: an Image-Based Meta-analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging studies. JAMA Psychiatry. 2017;74:387\u201398.","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"1902_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2013.01.014","volume":"73","author":"IM Balodis","year":"2013","unstructured":"Balodis IM, Kober H, Worhunsky PD, White MA, Stevens MC, Pearlson GD, et al. Monetary reward processing in obese individuals with and without binge eating disorder. Biol Psychiatry. 2013;73:877\u201386.","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"1902_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2009.129","volume":"35","author":"SN Haber","year":"2010","unstructured":"Haber SN, Knutson B. The reward circuit: linking primate anatomy and human imaging. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2010;35:4\u201326.","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"1902_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1093\/scan\/nsaa076","volume":"15","author":"JE Pierce","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pierce JE, P\u00e9ron J. The basal ganglia and the cerebellum in human emotion. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci. 2020;15:599\u2013613.","journal-title":"Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci"},{"key":"1902_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Manto M, Adamaszek M, Apps R, Carlson E, Guarque-Chabrera J, Heleven E et al. Consensus Paper: Cerebellum and Reward. Cerebellum 2024;23:2169\u201392.","DOI":"10.1007\/s12311-024-01702-0"},{"key":"1902_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2007.03.004","volume":"17","author":"M Kawato","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kawato M, Samejima K. Efficient reinforcement learning: computational theories, neuroscience and robotics. Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2007;17:205\u201312.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurobiol"},{"key":"1902_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.02.065","volume":"61","author":"S Kuehn","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kuehn S, Gallinat J. The neural correlates of subjective pleasantness. NeuroImage. 2012;61:289\u201394.","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"1902_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2016.06.013","volume":"26","author":"HR Noori","year":"2016","unstructured":"Noori HR, Cosa Linan A, Spanagel R. Largely overlapping neuronal substrates of reactivity to drug, gambling, food and sexual cues: A comprehensive meta-analysis. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2016;26:1419\u201330.","journal-title":"Eur Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"key":"1902_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2020.12.034","volume":"122","author":"D Martins","year":"2021","unstructured":"Martins D, Rademacher L, Gabay AS, Taylor R, Richey JA, Smith DV, et al. Mapping social reward and punishment processing in the human brain: A voxel-based meta-analysis of neuroimaging findings using the social incentive delay task. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2021;122:1\u201317.","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"1902_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kruithof ES, Klaus J, Schutter DJLG. The human cerebellum in reward anticipation and reward outcome processing: An activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehavioral Reviews. 2023;149:105171.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105171"},{"key":"1902_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2006.02.006","volume":"78","author":"M Ito","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ito M. Cerebellar circuitry as a neuronal machine. Prog Neurobiol. 2006;78:272\u2013303.","journal-title":"Prog Neurobiol"},{"key":"1902_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2332","volume":"9","author":"M Ito","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ito M. Control of mental activities by internal models in the cerebellum. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2008;9:304\u201313.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"1902_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2016.06.011","volume":"40","author":"J Peterburs","year":"2016","unstructured":"Peterburs J, Desmond JE. The role of the human cerebellum in performance monitoring. Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2016;40:38\u201344.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurobiol"},{"key":"1902_CR18","first-page":"820","volume":"4","author":"T Moberget","year":"2019","unstructured":"Moberget T, Ivry RB. Prediction, psychosis, and the cerebellum. Biol Psychiat-Cogn Neurosci Neuroimag. 2019;4:820\u201331.","journal-title":"Biol Psychiat-Cogn Neurosci Neuroimag"},{"key":"1902_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2013.03.003","volume":"17","author":"AC Bostan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bostan AC, Dum RP, Strick PL. Cerebellar networks with the cerebral cortex and basal ganglia. Trends Cogn Sci. 2013;17:241\u201354.","journal-title":"Trends Cogn Sci"},{"key":"1902_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carta I, Chen CH, Schott AL, Dorizan S, Khodakhah K. Cerebellar modulation of the reward circuitry and social behavior. Science. 2019;363:eaav0581","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aav0581"},{"key":"1902_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3133","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-05565-y","volume":"9","author":"L Xiao","year":"2018","unstructured":"Xiao L, Bornmann C, Hatstatt-Burkl\u00e9 L, Scheiffele P. Regulation of striatal cells and goal-directed behavior by cerebellar outputs. Nat Commun. 2018;9:3133.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"1902_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Low AYT, Goldstein N, Gaunt JR, Huang K-P, Zainolabidin N, Yip AKK, et al. Reverse-translational identification of a cerebellar satiation network. Nature. 2021;600:269\u201373.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-04143-5"},{"key":"1902_CR23","first-page":"406","volume":"22","author":"PM Lewis","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lewis PM, Thomson RH, Rosenfeld JV, Fitzgerald PB. Brain Neuromodulation Techniques: Rev Neuroscientist. 2016;22:406\u201321.","journal-title":"Brain Neuromodulation Techniques: Rev Neuroscientist"},{"key":"1902_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2015.02.001","volume":"126","author":"PM Rossini","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rossini PM, Burke D, Chen R, Cohen LG, Daskalakis Z, Di Iorio R, et al. Non-invasive electrical and magnetic stimulation of the brain, spinal cord, roots and peripheral nerves: basic principles and procedures for routine clinical and research application. An updated report from an I.F.C.N. Committee. Clin Neurophysiol. 2015;126:1071\u2013107.","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"1902_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rehbein MA, Kroker T, Winker C, Ziehfreund L, Reschke A, B\u00f6lte J et al. Non-invasive stimulation reveals ventromedial prefrontal cortex function in reward prediction and reward processing. Front Neurosci. 2023;17:1219029.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2023.1219029"},{"key":"1902_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120029","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2023.120029","volume":"271","author":"MJ Overman","year":"2023","unstructured":"Overman MJ, Sarrazin V, Browning M, O\u2019Shea J. Stimulating human prefrontal cortex increases reward learning. NeuroImage. 2023;271:120029.","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"1902_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e13275","volume":"9","author":"EC Anderson","year":"2023","unstructured":"Anderson EC, Cantelon JA, Holmes A, Giles GE, Bruny\u00e9 TT, Kanarek R. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to dorsolateral prefrontal cortex influences perceived pleasantness of food. Heliyon. 2023;9:e13275.","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"1902_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-017-5109-y","volume":"236","author":"S Newstead","year":"2018","unstructured":"Newstead S, Young H, Benton D, Jiga-Boy G, Sienz MLA, Clement RM, et al. Acute and repetitive fronto-cerebellar tDCS stimulation improves mood in non-depressed participants. Exp Brain Res. 2018;236:83\u201397.","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"1902_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1007\/s12311-012-0436-9","volume":"12","author":"R Ferrucci","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ferrucci R, Brunoni AR, Parazzini M, Vergari M, Rossi E, Fumagalli M, et al. Modulating human procedural learning by cerebellar transcranial direct current stimulation. Cerebellum. 2013;12:485\u201392.","journal-title":"Cerebellum"},{"key":"1902_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12049","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1776-14.2014","volume":"34","author":"MA Halko","year":"2014","unstructured":"Halko MA, Farzan F, Eldaief MC, Schmahmann JD, Pascual-Leone A. Intermittent theta-burst stimulation of the lateral cerebellum increases functional connectivity of the default network. J Neurosci. 2014;34:12049\u201356.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"1902_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.01.042","volume":"74","author":"D Edwards","year":"2013","unstructured":"Edwards D, Cortes M, Datta A, Minhas P, Wassermann EM, Bikson M. Physiological and modeling evidence for focal transcranial electrical brain stimulation in humans: A basis for high-definition tDCS. NeuroImage. 2013;74:266\u201375.","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"1902_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.10.013","volume":"10","author":"EF Chua","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chua EF, Ahmed R, Garcia S. Effects of HD-tDCS on memory and metamemory for general knowledge questions that vary by difficulty. Brain Stimul. 2017;10:231\u201341.","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"key":"1902_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/S0911-6044(00)00011-7","volume":"13","author":"JD Schmahmann","year":"2000","unstructured":"Schmahmann JD. The role of the cerebellum in affect and psychosis. J Neurolinguistics. 2000;13:189\u2013214.","journal-title":"J Neurolinguistics"},{"key":"1902_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2018.07.005","volume":"688","author":"JD Schmahmann","year":"2019","unstructured":"Schmahmann JD. The cerebellum and cognition. Neurosci Lett. 2019;688:62\u201375.","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"1902_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.13559","volume":"45","author":"A Samaei","year":"2017","unstructured":"Samaei A, Ehsani F, Zoghi M, Hafez Yosephi M, Jaberzadeh S. Online and offline effects of cerebellar transcranial direct current stimulation on motor learning in healthy older adults: a randomized double-blind sham-controlled study. Eur J Neurosci. 2017;45:1177\u201385.","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"1902_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1007\/s12311-019-01040-6","volume":"18","author":"AK Jackson","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jackson AK, de Albuquerque LL, Pantovic M, Fischer KM, Guadagnoli MA, Riley ZA, et al. Cerebellar transcranial direct current stimulation enhances motor learning in a complex overhand throwing task. Cerebellum. 2019;18:813\u20136.","journal-title":"Cerebellum"},{"key":"1902_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1007\/s12311-021-01245-8","volume":"20","author":"J-F Nankoo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nankoo J-F, Madan CR, Medina O, Makepeace T, Striemer CL. Cerebellar tDCS alters the perception of optic flow. Cerebellum. 2021;20:606\u201313.","journal-title":"Cerebellum"},{"key":"1902_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhac051","volume":"33","author":"Q Yuan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yuan Q, Li H, Du B, Dang Q, Chang Q, Zhang Z, et al. The cerebellum and cognition: further evidence for its role in Language control. Cereb Cortex. 2022;33:35\u201349.","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"key":"1902_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2000.0593","volume":"12","author":"B Knutson","year":"2000","unstructured":"Knutson B, Westdorp A, Kaiser E, Hommer D. FMRI visualization of brain activity during a monetary incentive delay task. NeuroImage. 2000;12:20\u20137.","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"1902_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e6598","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0006598","volume":"4","author":"MT Treadway","year":"2009","unstructured":"Treadway MT, Buckholtz JW, Schwartzman AN, Lambert WE, Zald DH. Worth the eefrt?? The effort expenditure for rewards task as an objective measure of motivation and anhedonia. PLoS ONE. 2009;4:e6598.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"1902_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103880","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2023.103880","volume":"92","author":"Range adaptive value","year":"2024","unstructured":"Range adaptive value. Representations in schizophrenia and major depression. Asian J Psychiatry. 2024;92:103880.","journal-title":"Asian J Psychiatry"},{"key":"1902_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.09.042","volume":"62","author":"JA Waltz","year":"2007","unstructured":"Waltz JA, Frank MJ, Robinson BM, Gold JM. Selective reinforcement learning deficits in schizophrenia support predictions from computational models of striatal-cortical dysfunction. Biol Psychiatry. 2007;62:756\u201364.","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"1902_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1940","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1102941","volume":"306","author":"MJ Frank","year":"2004","unstructured":"Frank MJ, Seeberger LC, O\u2019Reilly RC. By Carrot or by stick: cognitive reinforcement learning in parkinsonism. Science. 2004;306:1940\u20133.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"1902_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2012.09.010","volume":"6","author":"H-I Kuo","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kuo H-I, Bikson M, Datta A, Minhas P, Paulus W, Kuo M-F, et al. Comparing cortical plasticity induced by conventional and high-definition 4 \u00d7 1 ring tDCS: a neurophysiological study. Brain Stimul. 2013;6:644\u20138.","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"key":"1902_CR45","first-page":"362","volume":"15","author":"Y Gong","year":"1983","unstructured":"Gong Y, et al. Revision of wechsler\u2019s adult intelligence scale in China. Acta Physiol Sinica. 1983;15:362\u201370.","journal-title":"Acta Physiol Sinica"},{"key":"1902_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1080\/13825580601025957","volume":"22","author":"RCK Chan","year":"2008","unstructured":"Chan RCK, Wang Y, Deng Y, Zhang Y, Yiao X, Zhang C. The development of a Chinese equivalence version of letter-number span test. Clin Neuropsychol. 2008;22:112\u201321.","journal-title":"Clin Neuropsychol"},{"key":"1902_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.54.6.1063","volume":"54","author":"D Watson","year":"1988","unstructured":"Watson D, Clark LA, Tellegen A. Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: the PANAS scales. J Personal Soc Psychol. 1988;54:1063\u201370.","journal-title":"J Personal Soc Psychol"},{"key":"1902_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Villamar MF, Volz MS, Bikson M, Datta A, DaSilva AF, Fregni F. Technique and Considerations in the Use of 4x1 Ring High-definition Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (HD-tDCS). JoVE (Journal Visualized Experiments). 2013;e50309.","DOI":"10.3791\/50309"},{"key":"1902_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2012.12.001","volume":"54","author":"K Llerena","year":"2013","unstructured":"Llerena K, Park SG, McCarthy JM, Couture SM, Bennett ME, Blanchard JJ. The motivation and pleasure Scale-Self-Report (MAP-SR): reliability and validity of a self-report measure of negative symptoms. Compr Psychiatry. 2013;54:568\u201374.","journal-title":"Compr Psychiatry"},{"key":"1902_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101971","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2020.101971","volume":"49","author":"L Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang L, Ma EPY, Lui SSY, Cheung EFC, Cheng KS, Chan RCK. Validation and extension of the motivation and pleasure Scale-Self report (MAP-SR) across the schizophrenia spectrum in the Chinese context. Asian J Psychiatr. 2020;49:101971.","journal-title":"Asian J Psychiatr"},{"key":"1902_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1086","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jrp.2005.11.001","volume":"40","author":"DE Gard","year":"2006","unstructured":"Gard DE, Gard MG, Kring AM, John OP. Anticipatory and consummatory components of the experience of pleasure: A scale development study. J Res Pers. 2006;40:1086\u2013102.","journal-title":"J Res Pers"},{"key":"1902_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chan RCK, Shi Y, Lai M, Wang Y, Wang Y, Kring AM. The Temporal Experience of Pleasure Scale (TEPS): Exploration and Confirmation of Factor Structure in a Healthy Chinese Sample. Heaton RK, editor. PLoS ONE. 2012;7:e35352.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0035352"},{"key":"1902_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.85.4.374","volume":"85","author":"LJ Chapman","year":"1976","unstructured":"Chapman LJ, Chapman JP, Raulin ML. Scales for physical and social anhedonia. J Abnorm Psychol. 1976;85:374\u201382.","journal-title":"J Abnorm Psychol"},{"key":"1902_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e34275","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0034275","volume":"7","author":"RCK Chan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Chan RCK, Wang Y, Yan C, Zhao Q, McGrath J, Hsi X, et al. A study of trait anhedonia in Non-Clinical Chinese samples: evidence from the Chapman scales for physical and social anhedonia. PLoS ONE. 2012;7:e34275.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"1902_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.66.5.934","volume":"66","author":"AM Kring","year":"1994","unstructured":"Kring AM, Smith DA, Neale JM. Individual differences in dispositional expressiveness: development and validation of the emotional expressivity scale. J Personal Soc Psychol. 1994;66:934\u201349.","journal-title":"J Personal Soc Psychol"},{"key":"1902_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3999(94)90006-X","volume":"38","author":"RM Bagby","year":"1994","unstructured":"Bagby RM, Taylor GJ, Parker JDA. The twenty-item Toronto alexithymia scale\u2014II. Convergent, discriminant, and concurrent validity. J Psychosom Res. 1994;38:33\u201340.","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"key":"1902_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1186\/s12984-019-0514-z","volume":"16","author":"G Pilloni","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pilloni G, Shaw M, Feinberg C, Clayton A, Palmeri M, Datta A, et al. Long term at-home treatment with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) improves symptoms of cerebellar ataxia: a case report. J Neuroeng Rehabil. 2019;16:41.","journal-title":"J Neuroeng Rehabil"},{"key":"1902_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00884","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.884","volume":"8","author":"H Guo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Guo H, Zhang Z, Da S, Sheng X, Zhang X. High-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS) of left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex affects performance in balloon analogue risk task (BART). Brain Behav. 2018;8:e00884.","journal-title":"Brain Behav"},{"key":"1902_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1111\/ajps.12001","volume":"57","author":"D Stegmueller","year":"2013","unstructured":"Stegmueller D. How many countries for multilevel modeling?? A comparison of frequentist and bayesian approaches. Am J Polit Sci. 2013;57:748\u201361.","journal-title":"Am J Polit Sci"},{"key":"1902_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1995.10476572","volume":"90","author":"RE Kass","year":"1995","unstructured":"Kass RE, Raftery AE. Bayes factors. J Am Stat Assoc. 1995;90:773\u201395.","journal-title":"J Am Stat Assoc"},{"key":"1902_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6159","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.20-16-06159.2000","volume":"20","author":"R Elliott","year":"2000","unstructured":"Elliott R, Friston KJ, Dolan RJ. Dissociable neural responses in human reward systems. J Neurosci. 2000;20:6159\u201365.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"1902_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2012.10.001","volume":"6","author":"A Boehringer","year":"2013","unstructured":"Boehringer A, Macher K, Dukart J, Villringer A, Pleger B. Cerebellar transcranial direct current stimulation modulates verbal working memory. Brain Stimul. 2013;6:649\u201353.","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"key":"1902_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2017.05.011","volume":"156","author":"M Esterman","year":"2017","unstructured":"Esterman M, Thai M, Okabe H, DeGutis J, Saad E, Laganiere SE, et al. Network-targeted cerebellar transcranial magnetic stimulation improves attentional control. NeuroImage. 2017;156:190\u20138.","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"1902_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1038\/nature21726","volume":"544","author":"MJ Wagner","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wagner MJ, Kim TH, Savall J, Schnitzer MJ, Luo L. Cerebellar granule cells encode the expectation of reward. Nature. 2017;544:96\u2013100.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"1902_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-019-0381-8","volume":"22","author":"D Kostadinov","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kostadinov D, Beau M, Blanco-Pozo M, H\u00e4usser M. Predictive and reactive reward signals conveyed by climbing fiber inputs to cerebellar purkinje cells. Nat Neurosci. 2019;22:950\u201362.","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"1902_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1431","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-018-0228-8","volume":"21","author":"W Heffley","year":"2018","unstructured":"Heffley W, Song EY, Xu Z, Taylor BN, Hughes MA, McKinney A, et al. Coordinated cerebellar climbing fiber activity signals learned sensorimotor predictions. Nat Neurosci. 2018;21:1431\u201341.","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"1902_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2019.11.002","volume":"43","author":"MJ Wagner","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wagner MJ, Luo L. Neocortex-Cerebellum circuits for cognitive processing. Trends Neurosci. 2020;43:42\u201354.","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"key":"1902_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1491","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1544","volume":"8","author":"E Hoshi","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hoshi E, Tremblay L, Feger J, Carras PL, Strick PL. The cerebellum communicates with the basal ganglia. Nat Neurosci. 2005;8:1491\u20133.","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"1902_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583-018-0002-7","volume":"19","author":"AC Bostan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bostan AC, Strick PL. The basal ganglia and the cerebellum: nodes in an integrated network. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2018;19:338\u201350.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"1902_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0173(99)00040-5","volume":"31","author":"FA Middleton","year":"2000","unstructured":"Middleton FA, Strick PL. Basal ganglia and cerebellar loops: motor and cognitive circuits. Brain Res Rev. 2000;31:236\u201350.","journal-title":"Brain Res Rev"},{"key":"1902_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2017.02.005","volume":"21","author":"AA Sokolov","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sokolov AA, Miall RC, Ivry RB. The cerebellum: adaptive prediction for movement and cognition. TRENDS COGN SCI. 2017;21:313\u201332.","journal-title":"TRENDS COGN SCI"},{"key":"1902_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nicholas J, Amlang C, Lin C-YR, Montaser-Kouhsari L, Desai N, Pan M-K et al. The Role of the Cerebellum in Learning to Predict Reward: Evidence from Cerebellar Ataxia. Cerebellum. 2023.","DOI":"10.1101\/2022.11.04.515251"},{"key":"1902_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1007\/s12311-019-01029-1","volume":"18","author":"BJ Jongkees","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jongkees BJ, Immink MA, Boer OD, Yavari F, Nitsche MA, Colzato LS. The effect of cerebellar tDCS on sequential motor response selection. Cerebellum. 2019;18:738\u201349.","journal-title":"Cerebellum"},{"key":"1902_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1007\/s12311-023-01574-w","volume":"23","author":"G Malatesta","year":"2024","unstructured":"Malatesta G, D\u2019Anselmo A, Prete G, Lucaf\u00f2 C, Faieta L, Tommasi L. The predictive role of the posterior cerebellum in the processing of dynamic emotions. Cerebellum. 2024;23:545\u201353.","journal-title":"Cerebellum"},{"key":"1902_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-020-02198-0","volume":"226","author":"V Oldrati","year":"2021","unstructured":"Oldrati V, Ferrari E, Butti N, Cattaneo Z, Borgatti R, Urgesi C, et al. How social is the cerebellum? Exploring the effects of cerebellar transcranial direct current stimulation on the prediction of social and physical events. Brain Struct Funct. 2021;226:671\u201384.","journal-title":"Brain Struct Funct"},{"key":"1902_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2017.01.023","volume":"346","author":"A Uematsu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Uematsu A, Ohmae S, Tanaka M. Facilitation of Temporal prediction by electrical stimulation to the primate cerebellar nuclei. Neuroscience. 2017;346:190\u20136.","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"1902_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1007\/s11031-007-9059-8","volume":"31","author":"AM Leventhal","year":"2007","unstructured":"Leventhal AM, Martin RL, Seals RW, Tapia E, Rehm LP. Investigating the dynamics of affect: psychological mechanisms of affective habituation to pleasurable stimuli. Motiv Emot. 2007;31:145\u201357.","journal-title":"Motiv Emot"},{"key":"1902_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13977","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.13977","volume":"59","author":"Y Luo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Luo Y, Zhang X, Jiang H, Chen X. The neural habituation to hedonic and Eudaimonic rewards: evidence from reward positivity. Psychophysiology. 2022;59:e13977.","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"1902_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.02.021","volume":"70","author":"EL Moses-Kolko","year":"2011","unstructured":"Moses-Kolko EL, Fraser D, Wisner KL, James JA, Saul AT, Fiez JA, et al. Rapid habituation of ventral striatal response to reward receipt in postpartum depression. Biol Psychiatry. 2011;70:395\u20139.","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"1902_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3961494","volume":"232","author":"RN Leaton","year":"1986","unstructured":"Leaton RN, Supple WF. Cerebellar vermis: essential for Long-Term habituation of the acoustic startle response. Science. 1986;232:513\u20135.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"1902_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1290","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2006.02.025","volume":"117","author":"M Frings","year":"2006","unstructured":"Frings M, Awad N, Jentzen W, Dimitrova A, Kolb FP, Diener HC, et al. Involvement of the human cerebellum in short-term and long-term habituation of the acoustic startle response: A serial PET study. Clin Neurophysiol. 2006;117:1290\u2013300.","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"1902_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1093\/scan\/nsaa089","volume":"15","author":"L Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang L, Lengersdorff L, Mikus N, Gl\u00e4scher J, Lamm C. Using reinforcement learning models in social neuroscience: frameworks, pitfalls and suggestions of best practices. Soc Cognit Affect Neurosci. 2020;15:695\u2013707.","journal-title":"Soc Cognit Affect Neurosci"},{"key":"1902_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1007\/s12311-014-0607-y","volume":"14","author":"P Celnik","year":"2015","unstructured":"Celnik P. Understanding and modulating motor learning with cerebellar stimulation. Cerebellum. 2015;14:171\u20134.","journal-title":"Cerebellum"},{"key":"1902_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2023.01.092","volume":"16","author":"D Schutter","year":"2023","unstructured":"Schutter D. Cerebellum in motivation and emotion: A non-invasive brain stimulation approach. Brain Stimul. 2023;16:144.","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"key":"1902_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2013.06.007","volume":"24","author":"AM Kring","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kring AM, Barch DM. The motivation and pleasure dimension of negative symptoms: neural substrates and behavioral outputs. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2014;24:725\u201336.","journal-title":"Eur Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"key":"1902_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1633","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_01160","volume":"29","author":"E Vassena","year":"2017","unstructured":"Vassena E, Deraeve J, Alexander WH. Predicting motivation: computational models of PFC can explain neural coding of motivation and Effort-based Decision-making in health and disease. J Cogn Neurosci. 2017;29:1633\u201345.","journal-title":"J Cogn Neurosci"},{"key":"1902_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1037\/a0023575","volume":"125","author":"SW Kennerley","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kennerley SW, Walton ME. Decision making and reward in frontal cortex: complementary evidence from neurophysiological and neuropsychological studies. Behav Neurosci. 2011;125:297\u2013317.","journal-title":"Behav Neurosci"},{"key":"1902_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Siddiqi SH, Haddad N, Fox MD. Circuit-Targeted Neuromodulation for Anhedonia. In: Pizzagalli DA, editor. Anhedonia: Preclinical, Translational, and Clinical Integration [Internet]. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2022 [cited 2022 Aug 16]. pp. 515\u201335. Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/7854_2022_350","DOI":"10.1007\/7854_2022_350"}],"container-title":["The Cerebellum"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12311-025-01902-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12311-025-01902-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12311-025-01902-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,20]],"date-time":"2025-09-20T09:02:27Z","timestamp":1758358947000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12311-025-01902-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]]},"references-count":88,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["1902"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12311-025-01902-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1473-4230"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1473-4230","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 December 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 August 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 September 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The participants\u2019 consent was obtained according to the Declaration of Helsinki and it was approved by the ethics committee of the Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (H22106). All participants provided written informed consent prior to the experiment. This study was registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2300073396).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}}],"article-number":"153"}}