{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T20:58:34Z","timestamp":1781643514680,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774310400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774310400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002551","name":"Seoul National University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002551","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cerebellum"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Antibodies against glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) are associated with various neurological syndromes including cerebellar ataxia and ocular motor abnormalities. We report a 67-year-old man with progressive dizziness and imbalance, who exhibited spontaneous downbeat and torsional nystagmus, normal vertical saccades, and a unilateral loss of torsional saccades during head tilting. Serum anti-GAD antibody was elevated. Tests for other autoantibodies and genes responsible for spinocerebellar ataxia were negative. Brain MRI showed cerebellar vermis atrophy The selective deficit of ipsiversive torsional saccades, with preserved vertical saccades, implicates involvement of the unilateral rostral interstitial nucleus of the medial longitudinal fasciculus (riMLF) that generates torsional and vertical saccades. This case highlights a novel ocular motor finding in anti-GAD antibody-associated ataxia and expands the spectrum of eye movement abnormalities related to midbrain and cerebellar dysfunction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12311-026-01984-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T01:38:13Z","timestamp":1774316293000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Unidirectional Palsy of Torsional Saccades in Ataxia Associated with Anti-GAD Antibody"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0208-9470","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyesoo","family":"Kwon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2027-6341","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyo-Jung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2159-9967","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeong-Yoon","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1508-2024","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ji-Soo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"1984_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0121364","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0121364","volume":"10","author":"N Gresa-Arribas","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gresa-Arribas N, Ari\u00f1o H, Mart\u00ednez-Hern\u00e1ndez E, Petit-Pedrol M, Sabater L, Saiz A, Dalmau J, Graus F. Antibodies to inhibitory synaptic proteins in neurological syndromes associated with glutamic acid decarboxylase autoimmunity. PLoS ONE. 2015;10:e0121364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0121364.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"1984_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mitoma H, Manto M, Hampe CS. Pathogenic roles of glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 autoantibodies in cerebellar ataxias. J Immunol Res 2017: 2017:2913297. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2017\/2913297","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/2913297"},{"key":"1984_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21123","volume":"61","author":"MU Manto","year":"2007","unstructured":"Manto MU, Laute MA, Aguera M, Rogemond V, Pandolfo M, Honnorat J. Effects of anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies associated with neurological diseases. Ann Neurol. 2007;61:544\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ana.21123.","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"1984_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175628642110034","DOI":"10.1177\/17562864211003486","volume":"14","author":"P Tsiortou","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tsiortou P, Alexopoulos H, Dalakas MC. GAD antibody-spectrum disorders: progress in clinical phenotypes, immunopathogenesis and therapeutic interventions. Ther Adv Neurol Disord. 2021;14:17562864211003486. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/17562864211003486.","journal-title":"Ther Adv Neurol Disord"},{"key":"1984_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e665","DOI":"10.1097\/WNO.0000000000001084","volume":"41","author":"Y Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang Y, Tourkevich R, Bosley J, Gold DR, Newsome SD. Ocular Motor and vestibular characteristics of antiglutamic acid decarboxylase-associated neurologic disorders. J Neuroophthalmol. 2021;41:e665\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/WNO.0000000000001084.","journal-title":"J Neuroophthalmol"},{"key":"1984_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00241117","volume":"106","author":"Y Suzuki","year":"1995","unstructured":"Suzuki Y, Buttner-Ennever JA, Straumann D, Hepp K, Hess BJ, Henn V. Deficits in torsional and vertical rapid eye movements and shift of Listing\u2019s plane after uni- and bilateral lesions of the rostral interstitial nucleus of the medial longitudinal fasciculus. Exp Brain Res. 1995;106:215\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00241117.","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"1984_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leigh RJ, Zee DS. The neurology of eye movements. Oxford University Press; 2015.","DOI":"10.1093\/med\/9780199969289.001.0001"},{"key":"1984_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1054\/jocn.2001.1014","volume":"9","author":"JD Warren","year":"2002","unstructured":"Warren JD, Scott G, Blumbergs PC, Thompson PD. Pathological evidence of encephalomyelitis in the stiff man syndrome with anti-GAD antibodies. J Clin Neurosci. 2002;9:328\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1054\/jocn.2001.1014.","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"1984_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e92","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181c04654","volume":"73","author":"O Kremmyda","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kremmyda O, Rettinger N, Strupp M, Buttner U, Glasauer S. Teaching video neuroimages: unilateral RIMLF lesion: pathologic eye movement torsion indicates lesion side and site. Neurology. 2009;73:e92\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181c04654.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"1984_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1956","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000038387.90128.8d","volume":"59","author":"C Helmchen","year":"2002","unstructured":"Helmchen C, Rambold H, Kempermann U, B\u00fcttner-Ennever JA, B\u00fcttner U. Localizing value of torsional nystagmus in small midbrain lesions. Neurology. 2002;59:1956\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/01.wnl.0000038387.90128.8d.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"1984_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1097\/WNO.0000000000000547","volume":"38","author":"AI Martins","year":"2018","unstructured":"Martins AI, Carvalho JN, Amorim AM, Geraldo A, Eggenberger E, Lemos J. Disabling central paroxysmal positioning upbeat nystagmus and vertigo associated with the presence of anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies. J Neuroophthalmol. 2018;38:32\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/WNO.0000000000000547.","journal-title":"J Neuroophthalmol"},{"key":"1984_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2019.04.022","volume":"249","author":"E De Schutter","year":"2019","unstructured":"De Schutter E, Adham ZO, Kattah JC. Central positional vertigo: A clinical-imaging study. Prog Brain Res. 2019;249:345\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/bs.pbr.2019.04.022.","journal-title":"Prog Brain Res"}],"container-title":["The Cerebellum"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12311-026-01984-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12311-026-01984-6","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12311-026-01984-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T20:43:57Z","timestamp":1781642637000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12311-026-01984-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["1984"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12311-026-01984-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1473-4230"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1473-4230","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 September 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 March 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 March 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF) grant funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT (No. RS-2024-00357530).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Financial Disclosures"}},{"value":"This study followed the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki and wasperformed according to the guidelines of the Institutional Review Boardof Seoul National University Bundang Hospital (IRB No. B-2507-987-701).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Standard"}},{"value":"Dr. J-S Kim serves as an associate editor of Frontiers in Neuro-otology and on the editorial boards of Frontiers in Neuro-ophthalmology, Journal of Neuro-ophthalmology, Journal of Vestibular Research, and Clinical and Translational Neuroscience. Dr. J-S Kim holds the position of Chief Technology Officer at SLMED and DZMED. The other authors have nothing to disclose.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}}],"article-number":"40"}}