{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,8]],"date-time":"2026-08-08T05:43:28Z","timestamp":1786167808731,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781222400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781222400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"Medical Science Research Project of Hebei","award":["20211008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20211008"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cerebellum"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s12311-026-02031-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T02:59:48Z","timestamp":1781233188000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cerebellar Involvement in Immune-Mediated Pediatric Acute Ataxia: Clinical Spectrum, MRI Findings, and Predictors of MOG Antibody Positivity"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Qing","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baoguang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanyuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lihui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mei","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2031_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"683048","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.683048","volume":"12","author":"M Garza","year":"2021","unstructured":"Garza M, Piquet AL. Update in Autoimmune Movement Disorders: Newly Described Antigen Targets in Autoimmune and Paraneoplastic Cerebellar Ataxia. Front Neurol. 2021;12:683048.","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"issue":"11","key":"2031_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1304","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2015.2378","volume":"72","author":"AL Jones","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jones AL, Flanagan EP, Pittock SJ, Mandrekar JN, Eggers SD, Ahlskog JE, McKeon A. Responses to and Outcomes of Treatment of Autoimmune Cerebellar Ataxia in Adults. JAMA Neurol. 2015;72(11):1304\u201312.","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"2031_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2022.05.004","volume":"132","author":"D Hardy","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hardy D. Autoimmune Encephalitis in Children. Pediatr Neurol. 2022;132:56\u201366.","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurol"},{"key":"2031_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Graus F, Vogrig A, Mu\u00f1iz-Castrillo S, Antoine JG, Desestret V, Dubey D, Giometto B, Irani SR, Joubert B, Leypoldt F et al. Updated Diagnostic Criteria for Paraneoplastic Neurologic Syndromes. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm . 2021;8(4).","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000001014"},{"issue":"8025","key":"2031_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-07722-4","volume":"632","author":"A Bodansky","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bodansky A, Mettelman RC, Sabatino JJ Jr., Vazquez SE, Chou J, Novak T, Moffitt KL, Miller HS, Kung AF, Rackaityte E, et al. Molecular mimicry in multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children. Nature. 2024;632(8025):622\u20139.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"7","key":"2031_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-018-0024-9","volume":"14","author":"E Wells","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wells E, Hacohen Y, Waldman A, Tillema JM, Soldatos A, Ances B, Benseler S, Bielekova B, Dale RC, Dalmau J, et al. Neuroimmune disorders of the central nervous system in children in the molecular era. Nat Rev Neurol. 2018;14(7):433\u201345.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2031_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.5692\/clinicalneurol.cn-001932","volume":"64","author":"F Shimizu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Shimizu F. [Blood-brain barrier breakdown and autoimmune cerebellar ataxia]. Rinsho Shinkeigaku. 2024;64(3):148\u201356.","journal-title":"Rinsho Shinkeigaku"},{"issue":"3","key":"2031_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(22)00431-8","volume":"22","author":"B Banwell","year":"2023","unstructured":"Banwell B, Bennett JL, Marignier R, Kim HJ, Brilot F, Flanagan EP, Ramanathan S, Waters P, Tenembaum S, Graves JS, et al. Diagnosis of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease: International MOGAD Panel proposed criteria. Lancet Neurol. 2023;22(3):268\u201382.","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"2031_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2020.10.006","volume":"29","author":"AL Bruijstens","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bruijstens AL, Lechner C, Flet-Berliac L, Deiva K, Neuteboom RF, Hemingway C, Wassmer E, Baumann M, Bartels F, Finke C, et al. E.U. paediatric MOG consortium consensus: Part 1 - Classification of clinical phenotypes of paediatric myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disorders. Eur J Paediatr Neurol. 2020;29:2\u201313.","journal-title":"Eur J Paediatr Neurol"},{"key":"2031_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"960","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.00960","volume":"11","author":"E Parrotta","year":"2020","unstructured":"Parrotta E, Kister I. The Expanding Clinical Spectrum of Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein (MOG) Antibody Associated Disease in Children and Adults. Front Neurol. 2020;11:960.","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2031_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25909","volume":"89","author":"A Cobo-Calvo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cobo-Calvo A, Ruiz A, Rollot F, Arrambide G, Deschamps R, Maillart E, Papeix C, Audoin B, L\u00e9pine AF, Maurey H, et al. Clinical Features and Risk of Relapse in Children and Adults with Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody-Associated Disease. Ann Neurol. 2021;89(1):30\u201341.","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"2031_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wegener-Panzer A, Cleaveland R, Wendel EM, Baumann M, Bertolini A, H\u00e4usler M, Knierim E, Reiter-Fink E, Breu M, S\u00f6nmez \u00d6 et al. Clinical and imaging features of children with autoimmune encephalitis and MOG antibodies. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm. 2020;7(4).","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000731"},{"issue":"1","key":"2031_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103693","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2024.103693","volume":"24","author":"BP Trewin","year":"2025","unstructured":"Trewin BP, Brilot F, Reddel SW, Dale RC, Ramanathan S. MOGAD: A comprehensive review of clinicoradiological features, therapy and outcomes in 4699 patients globally. Autoimmun Rev. 2025;24(1):103693.","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"2031_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2307","DOI":"10.2147\/JIR.S504003","volume":"18","author":"S Qiao","year":"2025","unstructured":"Qiao S, Zhang C, Li H, Zhou T, Wang A, Zhang S. Abnormal CSF-Specific OCBs in Neuronal Surface Antibody-Associated Autoimmune Encephalitis Differentiating from Viral Encephalitis. J Inflamm Res. 2025;18:2307\u201316.","journal-title":"J Inflamm Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"2031_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1080\/10408363.2022.2039591","volume":"59","author":"S Carta","year":"2022","unstructured":"Carta S, Ferraro D, Ferrari S, Briani C, Mariotto S. Oligoclonal bands: clinical utility and interpretation cues. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci. 2022;59(6):391\u2013404.","journal-title":"Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"2031_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1136\/pn-2023-003814","volume":"24","author":"MD Willis","year":"2024","unstructured":"Willis MD, Kreft KL, Dancey B. Oligoclonal bands. Pract Neurol. 2024;24(5):400\u20136.","journal-title":"Pract Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2031_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2011.02.012","volume":"45","author":"MR Pranzatelli","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pranzatelli MR, Slev PR, Tate ED, Travelstead AL, Colliver JA, Joseph SA. Cerebrospinal fluid oligoclonal bands in childhood opsoclonus-myoclonus. Pediatr Neurol. 2011;45(1):27\u201333.","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurol"},{"key":"2031_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1500904","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1500904","volume":"15","author":"S Jesse","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jesse S, Riemann M, Schneider H, Ringelstein M, Melzer N, Vogel N, Pfeffer LK, Friese MA, S\u00fchs KW, Hudasch D, et al. Frequency, characteristics, and immunological accompaniments of ataxia in anti-NMDAR antibody-associated encephalitis. Front Immunol. 2024;15:1500904.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2031_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2020.577293","volume":"346","author":"B Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang B, Wang C, Ren H, Guan H, Guo S. Cerebellar ataxia as the initial symptom with lesions involving the cerebellum in patient with anti-NMDAR encephalitis: A rare case report and literature review. J Neuroimmunol. 2020;346:577293.","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2031_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1565","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-014-7388-6","volume":"261","author":"N Yuki","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yuki N, Fukami Y, Yanaka C, Koike S, Hirata K. GD1b-specific antibodies may bind to complex of GQ1b and GM1, causing ataxia. J Neurol. 2014;261(8):1565\u20139.","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2031_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2010.222836","volume":"82","author":"M Ito","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ito M, Matsuno K, Sakumoto Y, Hirata K, Yuki N. Ataxic Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome and acute sensory ataxic neuropathy form a continuous spectrum. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2011;82(3):294\u20139.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"2031_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-021-03111-7","volume":"54","author":"V Martinsen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Martinsen V, Kursula P. Multiple sclerosis and myelin basic protein: insights into protein disorder and disease. Amino Acids. 2022;54(1):99\u2013109.","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"issue":"9","key":"2031_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1086","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458507077622","volume":"13","author":"V Tomassini","year":"2007","unstructured":"Tomassini V, De Giglio L, Reindl M, Russo P, Pestalozza I, Pantano P, Berger T, Pozzilli C. Anti-myelin antibodies predict the clinical outcome after a first episode suggestive of MS. Mult Scler. 2007;13(9):1086\u201394.","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"key":"2031_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen LW, Guasp M, Oliv\u00e9-Cirera G, Mart\u00ednez-Hernandez E, Ruiz Garc\u00eda R, Naranjo L, Saiz A, Armangue T, Dalmau J. Antibody Investigations in 2,750 Children With Suspected Autoimmune Encephalitis. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm. 2024; 11(1).","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000200182"},{"key":"2031_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cellucci T, Van Mater H, Graus F, Muscal E, Gallentine W, Klein-Gitelman MS, Benseler SM, Frankovich J, Gorman MP, Van Haren K et al. Clinical approach to the diagnosis of autoimmune encephalitis in the pediatric patient. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm. 2020;7(2).","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000663"},{"issue":"7624","key":"2031_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39335.541782.AD","volume":"335","author":"E von Elm","year":"2007","unstructured":"von Elm E, Altman DG, Egger M, Pocock SJ, G\u00f8tzsche PC, Vandenbroucke JP. Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies. BMJ. 2007;335(7624):806\u20138.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2031_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2023.10.005","volume":"47","author":"L Quack","year":"2023","unstructured":"Quack L, Glatter S, Wegener-Panzer A, Cleaveland R, Bertolini A, Endmayr V, Seidl R, Breu M, Wendel E, Schimmel M, et al. Autoantibody status, neuroradiological and clinical findings in children with acute cerebellitis. Eur J Paediatr Neurol. 2023;47:118\u201330.","journal-title":"Eur J Paediatr Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2031_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-018-0112-x","volume":"15","author":"M Reindl","year":"2019","unstructured":"Reindl M, Waters P. Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibodies in neurological disease. Nat Rev Neurol. 2019;15(2):89\u2013102.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2031_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.20.24061","volume":"216","author":"M Shahriari","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shahriari M, Sotirchos ES, Newsome SD, Yousem DM. MOGAD: How It Differs From and Resembles Other Neuroinflammatory Disorders. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2021;216(4):1031\u20139.","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"10","key":"2031_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2115","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-025-06342-y","volume":"55","author":"YH Choi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Choi YH, Kim WJ, Lim BC, Yoo IH, Cho YJ, Lee S, Hwang JY, Cheon JE. Neuroimaging spectrum of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease with brain involvement: description of various cerebral syndromes. Pediatr Radiol. 2025;55(10):2115\u201326.","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2031_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2014-308346","volume":"86","author":"M Baumann","year":"2015","unstructured":"Baumann M, Sahin K, Lechner C, Hennes EM, Schanda K, Mader S, Karenfort M, Selch C, H\u00e4usler M, Eisenk\u00f6lbl A, et al. Clinical and neuroradiological differences of paediatric acute disseminating encephalomyelitis with and without antibodies to the myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2015;86(3):265\u201372.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"7","key":"2031_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458519845112","volume":"26","author":"CL de Mol","year":"2020","unstructured":"de Mol CL, Wong Y, van Pelt ED, Wokke B, Siepman T, Neuteboom RF, Hamann D, Hintzen RQ. The clinical spectrum and incidence of anti-MOG-associated acquired demyelinating syndromes in children and adults. Mult Scler. 2020;26(7):806\u201314.","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"issue":"11","key":"2031_CR33","first-page":"964","volume":"61","author":"[Clinical practice guidelines for","year":"2023","unstructured":"[Clinical practice guidelines for. myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease in children]. Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi. 2023;61(11):964\u201377.","journal-title":"Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi"},{"key":"2031_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1537538","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2025.1537538","volume":"16","author":"Y Jiang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Jiang Y, Yuan P, Song X, Ma J, Hong S, Li X, Jiang L. Pediatric MOG antibody-positive encephalitis with normal brain magnetic resonance imaging: a new spectrum associated with MOG antibodies? Front Neurol. 2025;16:1537538.","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2031_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2020.08.001","volume":"43","author":"M Mizuguchi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mizuguchi M, Ichiyama T, Imataka G, Okumura A, Goto T, Sakuma H, Takanashi JI, Murayama K, Yamagata T, Yamanouchi H, et al. Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute encephalopathy in childhood. Brain Dev. 2021;43(1):2\u201331.","journal-title":"Brain Dev"},{"key":"2031_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Del Giudice E, Mond\u00ec F, Bazzanella GR, Marcellino A, Martucci V, Pontrelli G, Sanseviero M, Pavone P, Bloise S, Martellucci S et al. Post-Infectious Acute Cerebellar Ataxia Treatment, a Case Report and Review of Literature. Child (Basel). 2023;10(4).","DOI":"10.3390\/children10040668"},{"issue":"1","key":"2031_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2008.159483","volume":"81","author":"D Psimaras","year":"2010","unstructured":"Psimaras D, Carpentier AF, Rossi C. Cerebrospinal fluid study in paraneoplastic syndromes. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2010;81(1):42\u20135.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"2031_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.13208","volume":"8","author":"LR Tomar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tomar LR, Shah DJ, Agarwal U, Batra A, Anand I. Acute Post-Infectious Cerebellar Ataxia Due to COVID-19. Mov Disord Clin Pract. 2021;8(4):610\u20132.","journal-title":"Mov Disord Clin Pract"},{"issue":"1","key":"2031_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24736","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-71315-4","volume":"14","author":"T Monschein","year":"2024","unstructured":"Monschein T, Ponleitner M, Bsteh G, Krajnc N, Zulehner G, Rommer P, Kornek B, Berger T, Leutmezer F, Zrzavy T. The presence of oligoclonal bands predicts conversion to multiple sclerosis in isolated myelitis. Sci Rep. 2024;14(1):24736.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"2031_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e000912","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjno-2024-000912","volume":"7","author":"J Ren","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ren J, Wang J, Liu R, Guo J, Yao Y, Hao H, Gao F. CSF oligoclonal bands in neurological diseases besides CNS inflammatory demyelinating disorders. BMJ Neurol Open. 2025;7(1):e000912.","journal-title":"BMJ Neurol Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"2031_CR41","first-page":"205521731983666","volume":"5","author":"N Makhani","year":"2019","unstructured":"Makhani N, Lebrun C, Siva A, Narula S, Wassmer E, Brassat D, Brenton JN, Cabre P, Carra Dalli\u00e8re C, de Seze J, et al. Oligoclonal bands increase the specificity of MRI criteria to predict multiple sclerosis in children with radiologically isolated syndrome. Mult Scler J Exp Transl Clin. 2019;5(1):2055217319836664.","journal-title":"Mult Scler J Exp Transl Clin"},{"issue":"3","key":"2031_CR42","first-page":"6","volume":"7","author":"S Alavi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Alavi S. Paraneoplastic neurologic syndromes in children: a review article. Iran J Child Neurol. 2013;7(3):6\u201314.","journal-title":"Iran J Child Neurol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2031_CR43","first-page":"442","volume":"39","author":"YT Liao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liao YT, Chen WX, Hou C. [Clinical characteristics and prognosis analysis of recurrent immune cerebellar ataxia in children]. Lin Chuang Er Ke Za Zhi. 2021;39(6):442\u20135.","journal-title":"Lin Chuang Er Ke Za Zhi"},{"issue":"4","key":"2031_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1007\/s12311-020-01132-8","volume":"19","author":"M Hadjivassiliou","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hadjivassiliou M, Graus F, Honnorat J, Jarius S, Titulaer M, Manto M, Hoggard N, Sarrigiannis P, Mitoma H. Diagnostic Criteria for Primary Autoimmune Cerebellar Ataxia-Guidelines from an International Task Force on Immune-Mediated Cerebellar Ataxias. Cerebellum. 2020;19(4):605\u201310.","journal-title":"Cerebellum"},{"issue":"1","key":"2031_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2014.02.007","volume":"51","author":"SJ Beres","year":"2014","unstructured":"Beres SJ, Graves J, Waubant E. Rituximab use in pediatric central demyelinating disease. Pediatr Neurol. 2014;51(1):114\u20138.","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurol"},{"key":"2031_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"711376","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.711376","volume":"12","author":"J Ding","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ding J, Li X, Tian Z. Clinical Features of Coexisting Anti-NMDAR and MOG Antibody-Associated Encephalitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Neurol. 2021;12:711376.","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"2031_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1402523","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1402523","volume":"15","author":"W Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang W, Cao W, Tao W, Wang Y, Tangzhu C, Shen Q, Shi X. Anti-NMDAR encephalitis in a child with long impaired consciousness and persistent antibodies: a case report and mini review. Front Immunol. 2024;15:1402523.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2031_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649053","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2021.649053","volume":"9","author":"L Cai","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cai L, Hu Z, Liao J, Hong S, Kong L, Chen L, Luo Y, Li T, Jiang L. Clinical Characterization of Anti-GQ1b Antibody Syndrome in Childhood. Front Pediatr. 2021;9:649053.","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"key":"2031_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shin YJ, Kim E, Han BK, Yi K. Serum Biomarkers for the diagnosis of glaucoma. Diagnostics (Basel). 2020;11(1).","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics11010020"},{"issue":"7321","key":"2031_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.323.7321.1123","volume":"323","author":"AJ Vickers","year":"2001","unstructured":"Vickers AJ, Altman DG. Statistics notes: Analysing controlled trials with baseline and follow up measurements. BMJ. 2001;323(7321):1123\u20134.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"12","key":"2031_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-021-00543-w","volume":"21","author":"H Pr\u00fcss","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pr\u00fcss H. Autoantibodies in neurological disease. Nat Rev Immunol. 2021;21(12):798\u2013813.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"2031_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2018.12.001","volume":"28","author":"J Zhou","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhou J, Lu X, Zhang Y, Ji T, Jin Y, Xu M, Bao X, Zhang Y, Xiong H, Chang X, et al. Follow-up study on Chinese children with relapsing MOG-IgG-associated central nervous system demyelination. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2019;28:4\u201310.","journal-title":"Mult Scler Relat Disord"},{"issue":"8","key":"2031_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4132","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-023-11737-8","volume":"270","author":"A Al-Ani","year":"2023","unstructured":"Al-Ani A, Chen JJ, Costello F. Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD): current understanding and challenges. J Neurol. 2023;270(8):4132\u201350.","journal-title":"J Neurol"}],"container-title":["The Cerebellum"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12311-026-02031-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12311-026-02031-0","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12311-026-02031-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,8]],"date-time":"2026-08-08T05:10:08Z","timestamp":1786165808000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12311-026-02031-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["2031"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12311-026-02031-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1473-4230"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1473-4230","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 March 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 June 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 June 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of Hebei Children\u2019s Hospital, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Children\u2019s Health and Diseases (Approval No. 159). The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Given the retrospective nature of the study and the use of de-identified patient data, the requirement for obtaining written informed consent was officially waived by the Ethics Committee of Hebei Children\u2019s Hospital, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Children\u2019s Health and Diseases.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable. The manuscript does not contain data from any individual person in a form that could lead to identification.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for Publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"93"}}