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However, how cerebellar oscillatory dynamics influence human gait remains unclear, despite its relevance for motor learning and rehabilitation. We hypothesized two frequency-dependent effects: (i) gait-matched cerebellar transcranial alternating current stimulation (c-tACS) would produce stronger phase alignment than sham and selectively affect temporal rather than spatial gait parameters; and (ii) higher-frequency stimulation would preferentially modulate spatial gait parameters without consistent phase alignment with the ongoing locomotor rhythm. To test this, fifteen healthy adults received randomized bilateral c-tACS at their individual gait-cycle frequency (iGCF), iGCF\u2009\u00b1\u200910% offsets, individual step frequency (iSF), a harmonic in alpha range (iGCF\u00d710), 50\u00a0Hz (gamma), and sham. Head-mounted accelerometry recorded kinematics of continuous walking and a stop-and-go task. Phase synchrony between stimulation and gait periodicity was quantified using the debiased phase-locking value (dPLV). 50\u00a0Hz c-tACS increased gait velocity and stride length without altering cadence or stride time, indicating selective modulation of spatial gait parameters. In contrast, gait-matched stimulation (iGCF, iSF) produced strong stimulation-gait phase alignment but did not enhance temporal gait parameters beyond sham, arguing against entrainment-specific behavioral effects. dPLV declined with iGCF\u2009\u00b1\u200910% during continuous walking, whereas a transient increase at iGCF-10% during stop-and-go was not specific to active stimulation. These findings support frequency-dependent effects of c-tACS on locomotion and refine the mechanistic understanding of how rhythmic cerebellar stimulation interacts with gait control, with potential implications for targeted neuromodulation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12311-026-02037-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T04:04:03Z","timestamp":1784520243000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cerebellar Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation: Frequency-Specific Modulation of Human Gait"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-2175-6695","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marc","family":"Varel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3435-7193","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Doppelmayr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2551-5655","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergiu","family":"Groppa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1160-4830","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Traian","family":"Popa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5247-8810","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel","family":"Bange","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrian","family":"Zeitner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2037_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1111\/J.1532-5415.2000.TB04994.X","volume":"48","author":"M Hirvensalo","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hirvensalo M, Rantanen T, Heikkinen E. 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