{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T19:19:32Z","timestamp":1787685572879,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787616000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787616000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cerebellum"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Essential tremor (ET) is among the most prevalent neurological diseases. Postmortem studies have demonstrated Purkinje cell (PC) loss in ET. In addition, PCs and their micro-circuitry in the cerebellar cortex\u2014including basket cells and climbing fibers\u2014display several characteristic pathological features in these studies. While several studies in ET have focused on the interactions between PCs and climbing fibers, less has been written about basket cells and their interactions with PCs (i.e., formation of empty baskets and hypertrophy of basket cell axonal processes around the PC soma). These changes are not unique to ET, yet scarcely anything has been written about basket cells and their interactions with PCs more broadly across disorders of cerebellar degeneration. We examined the relationship between three metrics (PC linear density, percentage of empty baskets, basket plexus rating [a measure of basket cell axonal process hypertrophy]) in 332 brains: 178 ET, 56 with a range of spinocerebellar ataxias, 13 Friedreich\u2019s ataxia, and 85 controls. We hypothesized that there would be overlapping but not uniform findings across these disorders. In all groups, PC linear density significantly negatively correlated with percentage of empty baskets, although to differing degrees. Basket plexus ratings were significantly associated with PC linear density and percentage of empty baskets only in some diseases. In summary, PC linear density, percentage of empty baskets and basket plexus rating were associated metrics across a range of cerebellar degenerative conditions and even in control brains. However, their relationships with one another were variable.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12311-026-02075-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T06:49:05Z","timestamp":1787640545000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Purkinje Cell Loss and Changes in Basket Cell Morphology in Essential Tremor and Other Cerebellar Degenerative Diseases: A Postmortem Study of 332 Brains"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Ethan","family":"Wainman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomer O.","family":"Guy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nora","family":"Hernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phyllis L.","family":"Faust","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elan D.","family":"Louis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2075_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.5334\/tohm.198","volume":"4","author":"ED Louis","year":"2014","unstructured":"Louis ED, Ottman R. How many people in the USA have essential tremor? Deriving a population estimate based on epidemiological data. Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov (N Y). 2014;4:259.","journal-title":"Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov (N Y)"},{"key":"2075_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.5334\/tohm.632","volume":"11","author":"ED Louis","year":"2021","unstructured":"Louis ED, McCreary M. How Common is Essential Tremor? Update on the Worldwide Prevalence of Essential Tremor. Tremor Other Hyperkinet M`ov (N Y). 2021;11:28.","journal-title":"Tremor Other Hyperkinet M`ov (N Y)"},{"key":"2075_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Louis ED, Faust PL. Essential tremor within the broader context of other forms of cerebellar degeneration. Cerebellum. 2020.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-97911-3_99-2"},{"key":"2075_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1186\/s40673-020-00121-1","volume":"7","author":"ED Louis","year":"2020","unstructured":"Louis ED, Faust PL. Essential tremor: the most common form of cerebellar degeneration? Cerebellum Ataxias. 2020;7:12.","journal-title":"Cerebellum Ataxias"},{"key":"2075_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kerridge CA, Hernandez RS, Hernandez NC, Faust PL, Louis ED. Purkinje cell loss in essential tremor: collective data from 215 brains over a 21-year period. Ann Clin Transl Neurol. 2026;13(1):36\u201348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/acn3.7020.","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.7020"},{"key":"2075_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Louis ED, Kerridge CA, Chatterjee D, et al. Contextualizing the pathology in the essential tremor cerebellar cortex: a patholog-omics approach. Acta Neuropathol. 2019;138(5):859\u2013876. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00401-019-02043-7.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-019-02043-7"},{"issue":"3","key":"2075_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-022-02535-z","volume":"145","author":"ED Louis","year":"2023","unstructured":"Louis ED, Martuscello RT, Gionco JT, Hartstone WG, Musacchio JB, Portenti M, et al. Histopathology of the cerebellar cortex in essential tremor and other neurodegenerative motor disorders: comparative analysis of 320 brains. Acta Neuropathol. 2023;145(3):265\u201383.","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2075_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-019-0302-1","volume":"16","author":"ED Louis","year":"2020","unstructured":"Louis ED, Faust PL. Essential tremor pathology: neurodegeneration and reorganization of neuronal connections. Nat Rev Neurol. 2020;16(2):69\u201383.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2075_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1514","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.52068","volume":"11","author":"PL Faust","year":"2024","unstructured":"Faust PL, McCreary M, Musacchio JB, Kuo SH, Vonsattel JG, Louis ED. Pathologically based criteria to distinguish essential tremor from controls: analyses of the human cerebellum. Ann Clin Transl Neurol. 2024;11(6):1514\u201325.","journal-title":"Ann Clin Transl Neurol"},{"key":"2075_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu YC, Louis ED, Gionco J, Pan MK, Faust PL, Kuo SH. Increased climbing fiber lateral crossings on Purkinje cell dendrites in the cerebellar hemisphere in essential tremor. 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The Columbia University and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Institutional Review Boards approved the study protocol, approval number STU-2020-0564.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Human Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for Publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"133"}}