{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T08:45:15Z","timestamp":1791017115102,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,4]],"date-time":"2022-05-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651622400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,4]],"date-time":"2022-05-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651622400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012232","name":"National Key Clinical Specialty Discipline Construction Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012232","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["81670884"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81670884"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["81873684"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81873684"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"the project of Science and Technology program of Tianjin","award":["17ZXHLSY00050"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17ZXHLSY00050"]}]},{"name":"the Key Projects of Science and Technology Fund of Tianjin Health and Family Planning Commission","award":["2014KR17"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014KR17"]}]},{"name":"the Key Project of Tianjin Eye Hospital","award":["YKYB2007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YKYB2007"]}]},{"name":"the Key Project of Tianjin Eye Hospital","award":["YKYB1907"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YKYB1907"]}]},{"name":"the Personnel Cultivation Projects of Science and Technology Fund of Tianjin Health and Family Planning Commission","award":["RC20069"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RC20069"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Adv Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-022-02150-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,4]],"date-time":"2022-05-04T17:03:05Z","timestamp":1651683785000},"page":"2999-3010","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Changes in Refractive Error Under COVID-19: A 3-Year Follow-up Study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0497-617X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoyan","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7617-9962","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qian","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0141-4806","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yue","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9353-0259","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoqin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1381-5906","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yanglin","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0588-9753","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haohan","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4245-396X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mengdi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5781-9047","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lihua","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1257-6635","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2150_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30183-5","volume":"395","author":"C Huang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Huang C, Wang YM, Li X, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet. 2020;395:497\u2013506.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2150_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1861","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32662-3","volume":"396","author":"T Lancet","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lancet T. Facing up to long COVID. Lancet. 2020;396:1861.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2150_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101669","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2020.101669","volume":"34","author":"J Chiodini","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chiodini J. Online learning in the time of COVID-19. Travel Med Infect Dis. 2020;34:101669.","journal-title":"Travel Med Infect Dis"},{"key":"2150_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1496","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_1043_19","volume":"68","author":"M Sumitha","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sumitha M, Sanjay S, Kemmanu V, Bhanumathi MR, Shetty R. Will COVID-19 pandemic-associated lockdown increase myopia in Indian children? Indian J Ophthalmol. 2020;68:1496.","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2150_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2020.07.034","volume":"223","author":"CW Wong","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wong CW, Tsai A, Jonas JB, et al. Digital screen time during the COVID-19 pandemic: risk for a further myopia BOOM? Am J Ophthalmol. 2021;223:333\u20137.","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2150_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2020.6239","volume":"139","author":"J Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang J, Li Y, Musch DC, et al. Progression of myopia in school-aged children after COVID-19 home confinement. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2021;139:293\u2013300.","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2150_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"646770","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2021.646770","volume":"9","author":"W Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang W, Zhu L, Zheng S, et al. Survey on the progression of myopia in children and adolescents in Chongqing during COVID-19 pandemic. Front Public Health. 2021;9:646770.","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"2150_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1652","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2021.04.001","volume":"128","author":"L Xu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Xu L, Ma Y, Yuan J, et al. Myopic epidemiology and intervention study. COVID-19 quarantine reveals that behavioral changes have an effect on myopia progression. Ophthalmology. 2021;128:1652\u20134.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"2150_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.62.10.37","volume":"62","author":"M Ma","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ma M, Xiong S, Zhao S, Zheng Z, Sun T, Li C. COVID-19 home quarantine accelerated the progression of myopia in children aged 7\u201312 years in China. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2021;62:37.","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"2150_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-020-00231-4","volume":"6","author":"PN Baird","year":"2020","unstructured":"Baird PN, Saw SM, Lanca C, et al. Myopia. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2020;6:99.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"2150_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.01.006","volume":"123","author":"BA Holden","year":"2016","unstructured":"Holden BA, Fricke TR, Wilson DA, et al. Global prevalence of myopia and high myopia and temporal trends from 2000 through 2050. Ophthalmology. 2016;123:1036\u201342.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"2150_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-019-1220-0","volume":"20","author":"A Grzybowski","year":"2020","unstructured":"Grzybowski A, Kanclerz P, Tsubota K, Lanca C, Saw SM. A review on the epidemiology of myopia in school children worldwide. BMC Ophthalmol. 2020;20:27.","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2150_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.12630","volume":"39","author":"JWL Tideman","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tideman JWL, Polling JR, Jaddoe VWV, Vingerling JR, Klaver CCW. Growth in foetal life, infancy, and early childhood and the association with ocular biometry. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 2019;39:245\u201352.","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol Opt"},{"key":"2150_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1097\/01.APO.0000578944.25956.8b","volume":"8","author":"JB Jonas","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jonas JB, Ohno-Matsui K, Panda-Jonas S. Myopia: anatomic changes and consequences for its etiology. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila). 2019;8:355\u20139.","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila)"},{"issue":"5","key":"2150_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2020.0412","volume":"138","author":"X Jiang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jiang X, Tarczy-Hornoch K, Cotter SA, et al. Association of parental myopia with higher risk of myopia among multiethnic children before school age. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2020;138(5):501\u20139.","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2150_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2813","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-021-05305-x","volume":"259","author":"D Ma","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ma D, Wei S, Li SM, et al. Progression of myopia in a natural cohort of Chinese children during COVID-19 pandemic. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2021;259:2813\u201320.","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2150_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2021.3563","volume":"139","author":"Y Hu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hu Y, Zhao F, Ding X, et al. Rates of myopia development in young Chinese schoolchildren during the outbreak of COVID-19. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2021;139:1115\u201321.","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2150_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1097\/APO.0000000000000236","volume":"5","author":"PC Wu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wu PC, Huang HM, Yu HJ, Fang PC, Chen CT. Epidemiology of myopia. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila). 2016;5:386\u201393.","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila)"},{"key":"2150_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2015.0471","volume":"133","author":"K Zadnik","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zadnik K, Sinnott LT, Cotter SA, et al. Prediction of juvenile-onset myopia. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2015;133:683\u20139.","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2150_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optom.2020.05.004","volume":"14","author":"Z Lin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lin Z, Vasudevan B, Liang YB, Zhou HJ, Ciuffreda KJ. The association between nearwork-induced transient myopia and progression of refractive error: a 3-year cohort report from Beijing Myopia Progression Study. J Optom. 2021;14:44\u20139.","journal-title":"J Optom"},{"key":"2150_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000001186","volume":"95","author":"TL Roberts","year":"2018","unstructured":"Roberts TL, Manny RE, Benoit JS, Anderson HA. Impact of cognitive demand during sustained near tasks in children and adults. Optom Vis Sci. 2018;95:223\u201333.","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"2150_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.62.4.6","volume":"62","author":"M Ntodie","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ntodie M, Saunders KJ, Little JA. Correction of low-moderate hyperopia improves accommodative function for some hyperopic children during sustained near work. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2021;62(4):6.","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"2150_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-012-2074-9","volume":"251","author":"L Lv","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lv L, Zhang Z. Pattern of myopia progression in Chinese medical students: a two-year follow-up study. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2013;251(1):163\u20138.","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2150_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-3768.1982.tb00622.x","volume":"60","author":"U Krause","year":"1982","unstructured":"Krause U, Krause K, Rantakallio P. Sex differences in refraction errors up to the age of 15. Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh). 1982;60(6):917\u201326.","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh)"},{"issue":"17","key":"2150_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02310973","volume":"59","author":"JR Bierich","year":"1981","unstructured":"Bierich JR. Pubert\u00e4t [Puberty]. Klin Wochenschr. 1981;59(17):985\u201394.","journal-title":"Klin Wochenschr"},{"issue":"6","key":"2150_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1220","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_1241_20","volume":"68","author":"S Kaup","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kaup S, Jain R, Shivalli S, Pandey S, Kaup S. Sustaining academics during COVID-19 pandemic: the role of online teaching-learning. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2020;68(6):1220\u20131.","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2150_CR27","unstructured":"The big data report of 2020 on prevention and control of juvenile myopia in China. https:\/\/www.sohu.com\/a\/417492867_100274120. Accessed 12 Feb 2022."},{"key":"2150_CR28","first-page":"E004","volume":"56","author":"HT Lin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lin HT, Xiang YF, Cui TX, Chen JJ. Online learning-related visual impairment and preventive measures during the 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak. Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi. 2020;56:E004.","journal-title":"Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi"},{"key":"2150_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.3341\/kjo.2016.0095","volume":"31","author":"DJ Kim","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kim DJ, Lim CY, Gu N, Park CY. Visual fatigue induced by viewing a tablet computer with a high-resolution display. Korean J Ophthalmol. 2017;31:388\u201393.","journal-title":"Korean J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2150_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1111\/cxo.12798","volume":"102","author":"C Coles-Brennan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Coles-Brennan C, Sulley A, Young G. Management of digital eye strain. Clin Exp Optom. 2019;102:18\u201329.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Optom"},{"key":"2150_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Piccoti C, Sanchez V, Irigaray LF, Morgan IG, Iribarren R. Myopia progression in children during COVID-19 home confinement in Argentina. SSRN Electr J. 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2139\/ssrn.3781660.","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3781660"}],"container-title":["Advances in Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12325-022-02150-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12325-022-02150-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12325-022-02150-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,20]],"date-time":"2022-05-20T10:40:29Z","timestamp":1653043229000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12325-022-02150-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,4]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]}},"alternative-id":["2150"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12325-022-02150-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["0741-238X","1865-8652"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0741-238X","type":"print"},{"value":"1865-8652","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 February 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 March 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 May 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}