{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T15:20:52Z","timestamp":1793892052908,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]],"date-time":"2025-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742256000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]],"date-time":"2025-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742256000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Adv Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-025-03166-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]],"date-time":"2025-03-18T05:52:40Z","timestamp":1742277160000},"page":"2078-2088","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Targeting PACAP: Beyond Migraine to Cluster, Menstrual, and Post-traumatic Headaches"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4137-5039","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lanfranco","family":"Pellesi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mona Ameri","family":"Chalmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Song","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thien Phu","family":"Do","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zheman","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Martelletti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"3166_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2022.105946","volume":"176","author":"S Guo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Guo S, Jansen-Olesen I, Olesen J, Christensen SL. Role of PACAP in migraine: an alternative to CGRP? Neurobiol Dis. 2023;176:105946.","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"3166_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-2982.2002.00310.x","volume":"22","author":"LH Lassen","year":"2002","unstructured":"Lassen LH, Haderslev PA, Jacobsen VB, Iversen HK, Sperling B, Olesen J. CGRP may play a causative role in migraine. Cephalalgia. 2002;22(1):54\u201361.","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"issue":"Pt 1","key":"3166_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awn307","volume":"132","author":"HW Schytz","year":"2009","unstructured":"Schytz HW, Birk S, Wienecke T, Kruuse C, Olesen J, Ashina M. PACAP38 induces migraine-like attacks in patients with migraine without aura. Brain. 2009;132(Pt 1):16\u201325.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"1","key":"3166_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-023-01552-x","volume":"24","author":"B Raffaelli","year":"2023","unstructured":"Raffaelli B, Fitzek M, Overeem LH, Storch E, Terhart M, Reuter U. Clinical evaluation of super-responders vs. non-responders to CGRP(-receptor) monoclonal antibodies: a real-world experience. J Headache Pain. 2023;24(1):16.","journal-title":"J Headache Pain"},{"issue":"1","key":"3166_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-023-01698-8","volume":"24","author":"M Waliszewska-Pros\u00f3\u0142","year":"2023","unstructured":"Waliszewska-Pros\u00f3\u0142 M, Vuralli D, Martelletti P. What to do with non-responders to CGRP(r) monoclonal antibodies: switch to another or move to gepants? J Headache Pain. 2023;24(1):163.","journal-title":"J Headache Pain"},{"issue":"7","key":"3166_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2450","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awac040","volume":"145","author":"C Ernstsen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ernstsen C, Christensen SL, Rasmussen RH, et al. The PACAP pathway is independent of CGRP in mouse models of migraine: possible new drug target? Brain. 2022;145(7):2450\u201360.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"3166_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1355281","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2024.1355281","volume":"17","author":"K Frimpong-Manson","year":"2024","unstructured":"Frimpong-Manson K, Ortiz YT, McMahon LR, Wilkerson JL. Advances in understanding migraine pathophysiology: a bench to bedside review of research insights and therapeutics. Front Mol Neurosci. 2024;17:1355281.","journal-title":"Front Mol Neurosci"},{"issue":"3","key":"3166_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.109.001370","volume":"61","author":"D Vaudry","year":"2009","unstructured":"Vaudry D, Falluel-Morel A, Bourgault S, et al. Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide and its receptors: 20\u00a0years after the discovery. Pharmacol Rev. 2009;61(3):283\u2013357.","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rev"},{"issue":"11","key":"3166_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-024-01011-4","volume":"20","author":"H Ashina","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ashina H, Christensen RH, Hay DL, et al. Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide signalling as a therapeutic target in migraine. Nat Rev Neurol. 2024;20(11):660\u201370.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3166_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-018-0855-1","volume":"19","author":"T Hirabayashi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hirabayashi T, Nakamachi T, Shioda S. Discovery of PACAP and its receptors in the brain. J Headache Pain. 2018;19(1):28.","journal-title":"J Headache Pain"},{"issue":"1","key":"3166_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-017-0822-2","volume":"19","author":"I Jansen-Olesen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jansen-Olesen I, Hougaard PS. PACAP and its receptors in cranial arteries and mast cells. J Headache Pain. 2018;19(1):16.","journal-title":"J Headache Pain"},{"key":"3166_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2019.00114","volume":"13","author":"SH Pedersen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pedersen SH, la Cour SH, Calloe K, et al. PACAP-38 and PACAP(6\u201338) degranulate rat meningeal mast cells via the orphan MrgB3-receptor. Front Cell Neurosci. 2019;13:114.","journal-title":"Front Cell Neurosci"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"3166_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1080\/07420520500464569","volume":"23","author":"J Fahrenkrug","year":"2006","unstructured":"Fahrenkrug J. PACAP\u2013a multifacetted neuropeptide. Chronobiol Int. 2006;23(1\u20132):53\u201361.","journal-title":"Chronobiol Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"3166_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102420970889","volume":"41","author":"M Ashina","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ashina M, Dole\u017eil D, Bonner JH, et al. A phase\u00a02, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of AMG 301, a pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide PAC1 receptor monoclonal antibody for migraine prevention. Cephalalgia. 2021;41(1):33\u201344.","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"issue":"1","key":"3166_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-024-01830-2","volume":"25","author":"S Guo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Guo S, Rasmussen RH, Hay-Schmidt A, et al. VPAC1 and VPAC2 receptors mediate tactile hindpaw hypersensitivity and carotid artery dilatation induced by PACAP38 in a migraine relevant mouse model. J Headache Pain. 2024;25(1):126.","journal-title":"J Headache Pain"},{"issue":"8","key":"3166_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.18543","volume":"4","author":"L Pellesi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pellesi L, Al-Karagholi MA, De Icco R, et al. Effect of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide on development of migraine headaches: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(8):e2118543.","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"9","key":"3166_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2314577","volume":"391","author":"M Ashina","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ashina M, Phul R, Khodaie M, L\u00f6f E, Florea I. A monoclonal antibody to PACAP for migraine prevention. N Engl J Med. 2024;391(9):800\u20139.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"3166_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-018-0860-4","volume":"19","author":"M Ashina","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ashina M, Martelletti P. Pituitary adenylate-cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP): another novel target for treatment of primary headaches? J Headache Pain. 2018;19(1):33.","journal-title":"J Headache Pain"},{"issue":"1","key":"3166_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-018-0852-4","volume":"19","author":"L Edvinsson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Edvinsson L, Tajti J, Szal\u00e1rdy L, V\u00e9csei L. PACAP and its role in primary headaches. J Headache Pain. 2018;19(1):21.","journal-title":"J Headache Pain"},{"key":"3166_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18006","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2018.6","volume":"4","author":"A May","year":"2018","unstructured":"May A, Schwedt TJ, Magis D, Pozo-Rosich P, Evers S, Wang SJ. Cluster headache. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2018;4:18006.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"issue":"5","key":"3166_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(04)00735-5","volume":"3","author":"MB Russell","year":"2004","unstructured":"Russell MB. Epidemiology and genetics of cluster headache. Lancet Neurol. 2004;3(5):279\u201383.","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"7","key":"3166_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(24)00143-1","volume":"23","author":"AS Petersen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Petersen AS, Lund N, Goadsby PJ, et al. Recent advances in diagnosing, managing, and understanding the pathophysiology of cluster headache. Lancet Neurol. 2024;23(7):712\u201324.","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"3166_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2011.10.055","volume":"202","author":"A Csati","year":"2012","unstructured":"Csati A, Tajti J, Kuris A, Tuka B, Edvinsson L, Warfvinge K. Distribution of vasoactive intestinal peptide, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide, nitric oxide synthase, and their receptors in human and rat sphenopalatine ganglion. Neuroscience. 2012;202:158\u201368.","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"issue":"3","key":"3166_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.16242","volume":"181","author":"S Akerman","year":"2024","unstructured":"Akerman S, Goadsby PJ, Romero-Reyes M. PACAP-38 related modulation of the cranial parasympathetic projection: a novel mechanism and therapeutic target in severe primary headache. Br J Pharmacol. 2024;181(3):480\u201394.","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3166_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-016-0705-y","volume":"17","author":"E Bacchelli","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bacchelli E, Cainazzo MM, Cameli C, et al. A genome-wide analysis in cluster headache points to neprilysin and PACAP receptor gene variants. J Headache Pain. 2016;17(1):114.","journal-title":"J Headache Pain"},{"issue":"1","key":"3166_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-017-0798-y","volume":"18","author":"C Ran","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ran C, Fourier C, Michalska JM, et al. Screening of genetic variants in ADCYAP1R1, MME and 14q21 in a Swedish cluster headache cohort. J Headache Pain. 2017;18(1):88.","journal-title":"J Headache Pain"},{"issue":"1","key":"3166_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-016-0660-7","volume":"17","author":"B Tuka","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tuka B, Szab\u00f3 N, T\u00f3th E, et al. Release of PACAP-38 in episodic cluster headache patients\u2014an exploratory study. J Headache Pain. 2016;17(1):69.","journal-title":"J Headache Pain"},{"issue":"13","key":"3166_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1474","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102420940689","volume":"40","author":"ALH Vollesen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Vollesen ALH, Snoer A, Chaudhry B, et al. The effect of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide-38 and vasoactive intestinal peptide in cluster headache. Cephalalgia. 2020;40(13):1474\u201388.","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"issue":"8","key":"3166_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1177\/03331024211056248","volume":"42","author":"L Pellesi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pellesi L, Chaudhry BA, Vollesen ALH, et al. PACAP38- and VIP-induced cluster headache attacks are not associated with changes of plasma CGRP or markers of mast cell activation. Cephalalgia. 2022;42(8):687\u201395.","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"key":"3166_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1135246","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2023.1135246","volume":"14","author":"C Deligianni","year":"2023","unstructured":"Deligianni C, Pellesi L, Chaudhry BA, et al. Plasma levels of VIP are not elevated during PACAP- and VIP-induced cluster headache attacks: an exploratory study. Front Neurol. 2023;14:1135246.","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"3166_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society. The International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition. Cephalalgia. 2018;38(1):1\u2013211.","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102417738202"},{"issue":"5","key":"3166_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.13235","volume":"6","author":"MA Chalmer","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chalmer MA, Kogelman LJA, Ullum H, et al. Population-based characterization of menstrual migraine and proposed diagnostic criteria. JAMA Netw Open. 2023;6(5):e2313235.","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"4","key":"3166_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.22.4.355","volume":"22","author":"BW Somerville","year":"1972","unstructured":"Somerville BW. The role of estradiol withdrawal in the etiology of menstrual migraine. Neurology. 1972;22(4):355\u201365.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"9","key":"3166_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1190","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.2005.00242.x","volume":"45","author":"VT Martin","year":"2005","unstructured":"Martin VT, Wernke S, Mandell K, et al. Defining the relationship between ovarian hormones and migraine headache. Headache. 2005;45(9):1190\u2013201.","journal-title":"Headache"},{"issue":"4","key":"3166_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(20)30482-8","volume":"20","author":"KG Vetvik","year":"2021","unstructured":"Vetvik KG, MacGregor EA. Menstrual migraine: a distinct disorder needing greater recognition. Lancet Neurol. 2021;20(4):304\u201315.","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"10","key":"3166_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1517","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.55.10.1517","volume":"55","author":"WF Stewart","year":"2000","unstructured":"Stewart WF, Lipton RB, Chee E, Sawyer J, Silberstein SD. Menstrual cycle and headache in a population sample of migraineurs. Neurology. 2000;55(10):1517\u201323.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"2","key":"3166_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000133134.68143.2E","volume":"63","author":"EA MacGregor","year":"2004","unstructured":"MacGregor EA, Hackshaw A. Prevalence of migraine on each day of the natural menstrual cycle. Neurology. 2004;63(2):351\u20133.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"4","key":"3166_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-2982.2003.00516.x","volume":"23","author":"EGM Couturier","year":"2003","unstructured":"Couturier EGM, Bomhof MAM, Neven AK, Van Duijn NP. Menstrual migraine in a representative Dutch population sample: prevalence, disability and treatment. Cephalalgia. 2003;23(4):302\u20138.","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"issue":"7","key":"3166_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1185\/030079904125004178","volume":"20","author":"EA MacGregor","year":"2004","unstructured":"MacGregor EA, Brandes J, Eikermann A, Giammarco R. Impact of migraine on patients and their families: the migraine and zolmitriptan evaluation (MAZE) survey\u2014phase\u00a0III. Curr Med Res Opin. 2004;20(7):1143\u201350.","journal-title":"Curr Med Res Opin"},{"issue":"9","key":"3166_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2982.2004.00741.x","volume":"24","author":"F Granella","year":"2004","unstructured":"Granella F, Sances G, Allais G, et al. Characteristics of menstrual and nonmenstrual attacks in women with menstrually related migraine referred to headache centres. Cephalalgia. 2004;24(9):707\u201316.","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"issue":"10","key":"3166_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102409359315","volume":"30","author":"B Pinkerman","year":"2010","unstructured":"Pinkerman B, Holroyd K. Menstrual and nonmenstrual migraines differ in women with menstrually-related migraine. Cephalalgia. 2010;30(10):1187\u201394.","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"issue":"17","key":"3166_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1661","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000012723","volume":"97","author":"DS van Casteren","year":"2021","unstructured":"van Casteren DS, Verhagen IE, van der Arend BWH, van Zwet EW, MaassenVanDenBrink A, Terwindt GM. Comparing perimenstrual and nonperimenstrual migraine attacks using an e-diary. Neurology. 2021;97(17):e1661\u201371.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"1","key":"3166_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-024-01804-4","volume":"25","author":"E Storch","year":"2024","unstructured":"Storch E, Overeem LH, Terhart M, et al. PACAP-38 and sex hormones in women with migraine: exploratory analysis of a cross-sectional, matched cohort study. J Headache Pain. 2024;25(1):98.","journal-title":"J Headache Pain"},{"issue":"5","key":"3166_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2024.01.005","volume":"27","author":"BR Has\u0131rc\u0131 Bay\u0131r","year":"2024","unstructured":"Has\u0131rc\u0131 Bay\u0131r BR, Aksu S, Gezegen H, et al. Effects of transcranial direct current stimulation on clinical outcomes, calcitonin gene-related peptide, and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide-38 levels in menstrual migraine. Neuromodulation. 2024;27(5):835\u201346.","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"issue":"6","key":"3166_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(21)00094-6","volume":"20","author":"H Ashina","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ashina H, Eigenbrodt AK, Seifert T, et al. Post-traumatic headache attributed to traumatic brain injury: classification, clinical characteristics, and treatment. Lancet Neurol. 2021;20(6):460\u20139.","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"6","key":"3166_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.42.6.1225","volume":"42","author":"BK Rasmussen","year":"1992","unstructured":"Rasmussen BK, Olesen J. Symptomatic and nonsymptomatic headaches in a general population. Neurology. 1992;42(6):1225\u201331.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"12","key":"3166_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1136\/emermed-2015-205429","volume":"34","author":"T Yilmaz","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yilmaz T, Roks G, de Koning M, et al. Risk factors and outcomes associated with post-traumatic headache after mild traumatic brain injury. Emerg Med J. 2017;34(12):800\u20135.","journal-title":"Emerg Med J"},{"issue":"1","key":"3166_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-020-01103-8","volume":"21","author":"SK Kim","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kim SK, Chong CD, Dumkrieger G, Ross K, Berisha V, Schwedt TJ. Clinical correlates of insomnia in patients with persistent post-traumatic headache compared with migraine. J Headache Pain. 2020;21(1):33.","journal-title":"J Headache Pain"},{"issue":"16","key":"3166_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1618","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102411428954","volume":"31","author":"D Lieba-Samal","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lieba-Samal D, Platzer P, Seidel S, Klaschterka P, Knopf A, W\u00f6ber C. Characteristics of acute posttraumatic headache following mild head injury. Cephalalgia. 2011;31(16):1618\u201326.","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"issue":"6","key":"3166_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102420909865","volume":"40","author":"H Ashina","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ashina H, Iljazi A, Al-Khazali HM, et al. Persistent post-traumatic headache attributed to mild traumatic brain injury: deep phenotyping and treatment patterns. Cephalalgia. 2020;40(6):554\u201364.","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"issue":"10","key":"3166_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-019-0243-8","volume":"15","author":"H Ashina","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ashina H, Porreca F, Anderson T, et al. Post-traumatic headache: epidemiology and pathophysiological insights. Nat Rev Neurol. 2019;15(10):607\u201317.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"issue":"6","key":"3166_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1220","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25915","volume":"88","author":"H Ashina","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ashina H, Iljazi A, Al-Khazali HM, et al. Hypersensitivity to calcitonin gene-related peptide in post-traumatic headache. Ann Neurol. 2020;88(6):1220\u20138.","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3166_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-022-01499-5","volume":"23","author":"H Ashina","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ashina H, Iljazi A, Al-Khazali HM, et al. CGRP-induced migraine-like headache in persistent post-traumatic headache attributed to mild traumatic brain injury. J Headache Pain. 2022;23(1):135.","journal-title":"J Headache Pain"},{"issue":"4","key":"3166_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1312","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awad367","volume":"147","author":"HM Al-Khazali","year":"2024","unstructured":"Al-Khazali HM, Christensen RH, Dodick DW, et al. Hypersensitivity to PACAP-38 in post-traumatic headache: a randomized clinical trial. Brain. 2024;147(4):1312\u201320.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"1","key":"3166_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-020-01136-z","volume":"21","author":"H Ashina","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ashina H, Iljazi A, Al-Khazali HM, et al. Efficacy, tolerability, and safety of erenumab for the preventive treatment of persistent post-traumatic headache attributed to mild traumatic brain injury: an open-label study. J Headache Pain. 2020;21(1):62.","journal-title":"J Headache Pain"},{"key":"3166_CR56","unstructured":"ClinicalTrials.gov. A study to test if fremanezumab reduces headache in participants with posttraumatic headache (PTH). https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT03347188. Accessed 30 Oct 2024"},{"issue":"2","key":"3166_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102416681571","volume":"38","author":"D Bree","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bree D, Levy D. Development of CGRP-dependent pain and headache related behaviours in a rat model of concussion: Implications for mechanisms of post-traumatic headache. Cephalalgia. 2018;38(2):246\u201358.","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"issue":"1","key":"3166_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-017-0726-1","volume":"18","author":"AL Tyburski","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tyburski AL, Cheng L, Assari S, Darvish K, Elliott MB. Frequent mild head injury promotes trigeminal sensitivity concomitant with microglial proliferation, astrocytosis, and increased neuropeptide levels in the trigeminal pain system. J Headache Pain. 2017;18(1):16.","journal-title":"J Headache Pain"},{"issue":"1","key":"3166_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1080\/14728214.2024.2317778","volume":"29","author":"L Pellesi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Pellesi L, Ashina M, Martelletti P. Targeting the PACAP-38 pathway is an emerging therapeutic strategy for migraine prevention. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs. 2024;29(1):57\u201364.","journal-title":"Expert Opin Emerg Drugs"}],"container-title":["Advances in Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12325-025-03166-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12325-025-03166-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12325-025-03166-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,17]],"date-time":"2025-04-17T04:03:22Z","timestamp":1744862602000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12325-025-03166-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]}},"alternative-id":["3166"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12325-025-03166-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["0741-238X","1865-8652"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0741-238X","type":"print"},{"value":"1865-8652","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 February 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 February 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 March 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Lanfranco Pellesi, Mona Ameri Chalmer, Song Guo, Thien Phu Do, Zheman Xiao, and Paolo Martelletti declare no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the publication of this article.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest"}},{"value":"This article is based on previously conducted studies and does not contain any new studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval"}}]}}