{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T15:58:58Z","timestamp":1790611138178,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784592000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784592000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Sanofi and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc."}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Adv Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-026-03714-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T08:39:19Z","timestamp":1784623159000},"page":"4749-4765","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Uncontrolled Status, Disease Burden, and Associated Risk Factors Among Patients with Asthma Receiving Medium-to-High Dose ICS or ICS\/LABA: A Retrospective Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Honglei","family":"Shi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kewu","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"3714_CR1","unstructured":"Global Initiative for Asthma. Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention, 2024. www.ginasthma.org. Updated May 2024."},{"issue":"3","key":"3714_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2102865","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.02865-2021","volume":"60","author":"K Mortimer","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mortimer K, Lesosky M, Garc\u00eda-Marcos L, et al. The burden of asthma, hay fever and eczema in adults in 17 countries: GAN Phase I study. Eur Respir J. 2022;60(3):2102865.","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"10196","key":"3714_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)31147-X","volume":"394","author":"K Huang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Huang K, Yang T, Xu J, et al. Prevalence, risk factors, and management of asthma in China: a national cross-sectional study. Lancet (London, England). 2019;394(10196):407\u201318.","journal-title":"Lancet (London, England)"},{"issue":"5","key":"3714_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1080\/13696998.2020.1719118","volume":"23","author":"A Sicras-Mainar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sicras-Mainar A, Capel M, Navarro-Artieda R, et al. Real-life retrospective observational study to determine the prevalence and economic burden of severe asthma in Spain. J Med Econ. 2020;23(5):492\u2013500.","journal-title":"J Med Econ"},{"issue":"5","key":"3714_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd.2017.04.74","volume":"9","author":"G Wang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wang G, Wang F, Gibson PG, et al. Severe and uncontrolled asthma in China: a cross-sectional survey from the Australasian Severe Asthma Network. J Thorac Dis. 2017;9(5):1333\u201344.","journal-title":"J Thorac Dis"},{"issue":"12","key":"3714_CR6","first-page":"917","volume":"55","author":"N Su","year":"2016","unstructured":"Su N, Lin JT, Wang WY, et al. A cross-section study of severe asthma in eight provinces of China. Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi. 2016;55(12):917\u201321.","journal-title":"Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi"},{"issue":"14","key":"3714_CR7","first-page":"1106","volume":"100","author":"WY Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang WY, Lin JT, Zhou X, et al. A survey on clinical characteristics and risk factors of severe asthma in China. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2020;100(14):1106\u201311.","journal-title":"Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi"},{"issue":"2","key":"3714_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00202013","volume":"43","author":"KF Chung","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chung KF, Wenzel SE, Brozek JL, et al. International ERS\/ATS guidelines on definition, evaluation and treatment of severe asthma. Eur Respir J. 2014;43(2):343\u201373.","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"3714_CR9","unstructured":"Global, regional, and national burden of asthma and atopic dermatitis, 1990\u20132021, and projections to 2050: a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Lancet Respir Med. 2025;13(5):425\u2013446."},{"issue":"1","key":"3714_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2888","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-20330-1","volume":"24","author":"J Yu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yu J, Xu L, Han A, Xie M. The epidemiology of asthma in Mainland China: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health. 2024;24(1):2888.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"3714_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.2147\/JAA.S460300","volume":"17","author":"VS Benson","year":"2024","unstructured":"Benson VS, Siddall J, Haq A, et al. Disease burden, treatment patterns and asthma control in adult patients with asthma in china: a real-world study. J Asthma Allergy. 2024;17:949\u201364.","journal-title":"J Asthma Allergy"},{"issue":"3","key":"3714_CR12","first-page":"208","volume":"48","author":"Chinese Thoracic Society CMA","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chinese Thoracic Society CMA. Guidelines for the prevention and management of bronchial asthma (2024 edition). Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi. 2025;48(3):208\u201348.","journal-title":"Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi"},{"key":"3714_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2466-6-13","volume":"6","author":"MR Partridge","year":"2006","unstructured":"Partridge MR, van der Molen T, Myrseth SE, Busse WW. Attitudes and actions of asthma patients on regular maintenance therapy: the INSPIRE study. BMC Pulm Med. 2006;6:13.","journal-title":"BMC Pulm Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"3714_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00039707","volume":"31","author":"KR Chapman","year":"2008","unstructured":"Chapman KR, Boulet LP, Rea RM, Franssen E. Suboptimal asthma control: prevalence, detection and consequences in general practice. Eur Respir J. 2008;31(2):320\u20135.","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"3","key":"3714_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1080\/02770903.2024.2410424","volume":"62","author":"CE Rodr\u00edguez-Mart\u00ednez","year":"2025","unstructured":"Rodr\u00edguez-Mart\u00ednez CE, Sossa-Brice\u00f1o MP, Castro-Rodriguez JA. Single inhaler combination inhaled corticosteroid-formoterol as both maintenance and reliever (SMART) compared with a step up of treatment with fixed-dose inhaled corticosteroid-long-acting \u03b22-agonist maintenance with a short-acting \u03b22-agonist as reliever in adolescents and adults with poorly controlled asthma in Colombia: a cost-utility analysis. J Asthma. 2025;62(3):500\u20137.","journal-title":"J Asthma"},{"issue":"1","key":"3714_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1038\/s41533-021-00222-2","volume":"31","author":"H Inoue","year":"2021","unstructured":"Inoue H, Milligan KL, McConnon A, et al. Uncontrolled asthma: a retrospective cohort study in Japanese patients newly prescribed with medium-\/high-dose ICS\/LABA. NPJ Prim Care Respir Med. 2021;31(1):12.","journal-title":"NPJ Prim Care Respir Med"},{"key":"3714_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A1316","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.2025.211.Abstracts.A1316","volume":"211","author":"L Yu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yu L, Qiu Z, He J, Jiang Y, Wang G, Feng X, et al. Disease burden and treatment pattern in chinese moderate-to-severe asthma patients: baseline analysis of a real-world, multicentre study (PRESENT) [abstract]. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2025;211:A1316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/ajrccm.2025.211.Abstracts.A1316.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"3714_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang K, He X, Wu J. Disease burden and treatment patterns in adult patients with severe asthma: A real-world study based on claims data from China. Health Decision [Internet]. 2024 Jul. 12 [cited 2025 Jun. 10];2(S1). Available from: https:\/\/www.hksmp.com\/journals\/hd\/article\/view\/658.","DOI":"10.54844\/hd.2024.0011"},{"key":"3714_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.2147\/JAA.S327659","volume":"14","author":"L R\u00f6nnebjerg","year":"2021","unstructured":"R\u00f6nnebjerg L, Axelsson M, Kankaanranta H, et al. Severe asthma in a general population study: prevalence and clinical characteristics. J Asthma Allergy. 2021;14:1105\u201315.","journal-title":"J Asthma Allergy"},{"issue":"3","key":"3714_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.4168\/aair.2025.17.3.394","volume":"17","author":"KB Song","year":"2025","unstructured":"Song KB, Kim JH, Choi EJ, et al. Pet ownership increases the exhaled nitric oxide and asthma severity in children with atopic asthma. Allergy Asthma Immunol Res. 2025;17(3):394\u2013404.","journal-title":"Allergy Asthma Immunol Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"3714_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.4168\/aair.2025.17.1.47","volume":"17","author":"J Yoon","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yoon J, Yang HJ, Rhee EH, et al. Longitudinal trajectories of asthma and allergic comorbidities in the korean childhood asthma study. Allergy Asthma Immunol Res. 2025;17(1):47\u201359.","journal-title":"Allergy Asthma Immunol Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"3714_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-023-02685-0","volume":"23","author":"X Yang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yang X, Zhang T, Yang X, et al. Medical resource utilization and the associated costs of asthma in China: a 1-year retrospective study. BMC Pulm Med. 2023;23(1):463.","journal-title":"BMC Pulm Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"3714_CR23","first-page":"881","volume":"28","author":"M Pollack","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pollack M, Gandhi H, Tkacz J, et al. The use of short-acting bronchodilators and cost burden of asthma across Global Initiative for Asthma-based severity levels: insights from a large US commercial and managed Medicaid population. J Manag Care Spec Pharm. 2022;28(8):881\u201391.","journal-title":"J Manag Care Spec Pharm"},{"issue":"10379","key":"3714_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)02125-0","volume":"401","author":"C Porsbjerg","year":"2023","unstructured":"Porsbjerg C, Mel\u00e9n E, Lehtim\u00e4ki L, Shaw D. Asthma. Lancet (London, England). 2023;401(10379):858\u201373.","journal-title":"Lancet (London, England)"},{"key":"3714_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.2147\/JAA.S211246","volume":"12","author":"G Tomisa","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tomisa G, Horv\u00e1th A, Szalai Z, M\u00fcller V, Tam\u00e1si L. Prevalence and impact of risk factors for poor asthma outcomes in a large, specialist-managed patient cohort: a real-life study. J Asthma Allergy. 2019;12:297\u2013307.","journal-title":"J Asthma Allergy"},{"issue":"5","key":"3714_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1197\/j.aem.2004.11.030","volume":"12","author":"S Clark","year":"2005","unstructured":"Clark S, Costantino T, Rudnitsky G, Camargo CA. Observational study of intravenous versus oral corticosteroids for acute asthma: an example of confounding by severity. Acad Emerg Med Off J Soc Acad Emerg Med. 2005;12(5):439\u201345.","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med Off J Soc Acad Emerg Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"3714_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.4168\/aair.2021.13.3.420","volume":"13","author":"GY Ban","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ban GY, Kim SC, Lee HY, et al. Risk factors predicting severe asthma exacerbations in adult asthmatics: a real-world clinical evidence. Allergy, Asthma Immunol Res. 2021;13(3):420\u201334.","journal-title":"Allergy, Asthma Immunol Res"},{"key":"3714_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alit.2018.04.003","volume":"67S","author":"T Soma","year":"2018","unstructured":"Soma T, Iemura H, Naito E, et al. Implication of fraction of exhaled nitric oxide and blood eosinophil count in severe asthma. Allergol Int. 2018;67S:S3\u201311.","journal-title":"Allergol Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"3714_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alit.2020.09.001","volume":"70","author":"H Kimura","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kimura H, Makita H, Taniguchi N, et al. Determination of the cutoff values of Th2 markers for the prediction of future exacerbation in severe asthma: an analysis from the Hokkaido Severe Asthma Cohort Study. Allergol Int. 2021;70(1):68\u201373.","journal-title":"Allergol Int"},{"issue":"6","key":"3714_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1177\/1753465816663978","volume":"10","author":"N Zhong","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhong N, Lin J, Zheng J, et al. Uncontrolled asthma and its risk factors in adult Chinese asthma patients. Ther Adv Respir Dis. 2016;10(6):507\u201317.","journal-title":"Ther Adv Respir Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"3714_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003145","volume":"17","author":"CI Bloom","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bloom CI, de Preux L, Sheikh A, Quint JK. Health and cost impact of stepping down asthma medication for UK patients, 2001\u20132017: a population-based observational study. PLoS Med. 2020;17(7):e1003145.","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"3714_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alit.2019.06.003","volume":"69","author":"H Nagase","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nagase H, Adachi M, Matsunaga K, et al. Prevalence, disease burden, and treatment reality of patients with severe, uncontrolled asthma in Japan. Allergol Int. 2020;69(1):53\u201360.","journal-title":"Allergol Int"},{"key":"3714_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.2147\/JAA.S378505","volume":"16","author":"N Harada","year":"2023","unstructured":"Harada N, Makita N, Fukui K, et al. A retrospective claims database study to clarify disease burden of severe asthma patients with type 2 high or low inflammation. J Asthma Allergy. 2023;16:83\u201393.","journal-title":"J Asthma Allergy"},{"issue":"1","key":"3714_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2017.04.009","volume":"141","author":"PW Sullivan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sullivan PW, Ghushchyan VH, Globe G, Schatz M. Oral corticosteroid exposure and adverse effects in asthmatic patients. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2018;141(1):110-116.e117.","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3714_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1080\/13696998.2025.2477877","volume":"28","author":"SS Wu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wu SS, Vu M, Motawakel O, et al. Adverse consequences of systemic corticosteroids use among a broad population of US adults with asthma: a real-world analysis. J Med Econ. 2025;28(1):413\u201324.","journal-title":"J Med Econ"},{"issue":"12","key":"3714_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.waojou.2022.100726","volume":"15","author":"ER Bleecker","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bleecker ER, Al-Ahmad M, Bjermer L, et al. Systemic corticosteroids in asthma: a call to action from World Allergy Organization and Respiratory Effectiveness Group. World Allergy Organ J. 2022;15(12):100726.","journal-title":"World Allergy Organ J"},{"issue":"3","key":"3714_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2018.02.007","volume":"6","author":"AP Baptist","year":"2018","unstructured":"Baptist AP, Busse PJ. Asthma over the age of 65: all\u2019s well that ends well. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2018;6(3):764\u201373.","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"issue":"5","key":"3714_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2559","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd-23-22","volume":"15","author":"K Tang","year":"1990","unstructured":"Tang K, Huang J, Xie S, et al. Temporal trend in burden of asthma in China, South Korea, and Japan, 1990-2019: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. J Thorac Dis. 1990;15(5):2559\u201370.","journal-title":"J Thorac Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"3714_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2023.08.021","volume":"132","author":"G Scelo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Scelo G, Torres-Duque CA, Maspero J, et al. Analysis of comorbidities and multimorbidity in adult patients in the International Severe Asthma Registry. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2024;132(1):42\u201353.","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"issue":"5","key":"3714_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1080\/02770903.2023.2288317","volume":"61","author":"MI Arif","year":"2024","unstructured":"Arif MI, Ru L, Wang Y. Risk factors associated with uncontrolled asthma in children\u2014a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Asthma. 2024;61(5):387\u201395.","journal-title":"J Asthma"},{"issue":"12","key":"3714_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.14740\/jocmr4021","volume":"11","author":"E Albataineh","year":"2019","unstructured":"Albataineh E, Al-Zayadneh E, Al-Shagahin H, et al. Asthma control and its predictive factors in adult asthma patients. J Clin Med Res. 2019;11(12):807\u201317.","journal-title":"J Clin Med Res"},{"key":"3714_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.2147\/JAA.S437944","volume":"17","author":"S Hozawa","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hozawa S, Ono K, Makita N, et al. A retrospective claims database study to clarify treatment reality of asthma patients before and after referral to a specialist. J Asthma Allergy. 2024;17:9\u201319.","journal-title":"J Asthma Allergy"},{"issue":"3","key":"3714_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.05.032","volume":"146","author":"P Gevaert","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gevaert P, Omachi TA, Corren J, et al. Efficacy and safety of omalizumab in nasal polyposis: 2 randomized phase 3 trials. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2020;146(3):595\u2013605.","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"5","key":"3714_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2011.07.056","volume":"128","author":"P Gevaert","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gevaert P, Van Bruaene N, Cattaert T, et al. Mepolizumab, a humanized anti-IL-5 mAb, as a treatment option for severe nasal polyposis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2011;128(5):989-995.e981-988.","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"5","key":"3714_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1111\/all.14221","volume":"75","author":"I Agache","year":"2020","unstructured":"Agache I, Beltran J, Akdis C, et al. Efficacy and safety of treatment with biologicals (benralizumab, dupilumab, mepolizumab, omalizumab and reslizumab) for severe eosinophilic asthma. A systematic review for the EAACI Guidelines\u2014recommendations on the use of biologicals in severe asthma. Allergy. 2020;75(5):1023\u201342.","journal-title":"Allergy"}],"container-title":["Advances in Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12325-026-03714-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12325-026-03714-0","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12325-026-03714-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T15:39:23Z","timestamp":1790609963000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12325-026-03714-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["3714"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12325-026-03714-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["0741-238X","1865-8652"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0741-238X","type":"print"},{"value":"1865-8652","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 June 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 June 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 July 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Kewu Huang, Honglei Shi, and Ying Wang: nothing to disclose. Min Wang, Dan Shen, Sanofi\u2009\u2009employees, may hold stock and\/or stock options in the company. Min Wang is currently affiliated with AstraZeneca.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study protocol and its amendments were approved by medical ethics committee of Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital (2023-KE-332). This study was conducted in accordance with the Ethical Guidelines for Biomedical Research Involving Human Subjects, the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki, and all relevant regulations applicable to noninterventional studies. The need for informed consent was waived as data available in the database are standardized and anonymized.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical Approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}