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Yiran Zhang, Maureen Carlyle, and John White, are employees of Optum. Valery Walker was an employee of Optum at the time of study implementation and the submission of this manuscript to the journal. Florian Rieder has acted as a consultant to Adiso, Adnovate, Agomab, Allergan, AbbVie, Arena, AstraZeneca, Bausch & Lomb, Boehringer Ingelheim, Celgene\/Bristol Myers Squibb, Celltrion, CDISC, Celsius, Cowen, Eugit, Ferring, Galapagos, Galmed, Genentech, Gilead, Gossamer, Granite, Guidepoint, Helmsley, Horizon Therapeutics, Image Analysis Limited, Index Pharma, Landos, Janssen, Koutif, Mestag, Metacrine, Mirum, Mopac, Morphic, Myka Labs, Organovo, Origo, Palisade, Pfizer, Pliant, Prometheus Biosciences, Receptos, RedX, Roche, Samsung, Sanofi, Surmodics, Surrozen, Takeda, Techlab, Teva, Theravance, Thetis, Trix Bio, UCB, Ysios, and 89Bio. Florian Rieder is further supported by the Helmsley Charitable Trust through the Stenosis Therapy and Anti-Fibrotic Research (STAR) Consortium (No. 3081), the Crohn\u2019s and Colitis Foundation (No. 569125), the National Institute of Health (NIDDK R01 123233 & R01 132038), and the National Institute of Health (NIDDK P30 DK097948).","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflicts of Interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study was reviewed by the WCG Institutional Review Board (Work Order #1\u20131492221-1). A waiver of authorization was received, and an exemption was granted under 45 CFR \u00a7 46.104(d)(4). The research team had permission to use the ORD, a large US proprietary administrative claims research database, which is compliant with the HIPAA of 1996 (Pub. L. No. 104\u2013191). 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