{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T20:22:02Z","timestamp":1777666922473,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,6]],"date-time":"2010-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1281052800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,6]],"date-time":"2010-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1281052800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin J Gastroenterol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,10]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12328-010-0165-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,5]],"date-time":"2010-08-05T07:00:14Z","timestamp":1280991614000},"page":"237-242","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Autoimmune hemolytic anemia in treatment-naive chronic hepatitis C infection: a case report and review of literature"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Robert J.","family":"Basseri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael T.","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Basseri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"165_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1463","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199506013322202","volume":"332","author":"MJ Tong","year":"1995","unstructured":"Tong MJ, El-Farra NS, Reikes AR, Co RL. Clinical outcomes after transfusion-associated hepatitis C. N Engl J Med. 1995;332:1463\u20136.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"165_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-8553(21)00146-1","volume":"23","author":"MJ Alter","year":"1994","unstructured":"Alter MJ, Mast EE. The epidemiology of viral hepatitis in the United States. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 1994;23:437\u201355.","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Clin North Am"},{"key":"165_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199107113250205","volume":"325","author":"P Farci","year":"1991","unstructured":"Farci P, Alter HJ, Wong D, Miller RH, Govindarajan S, Engle R, Shapiro M, et al. A long-term study of hepatitis C virus replication in non-A, non-B hepatitis. N Engl J Med. 1991;325:98\u2013104.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"165_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-144-10-200605160-00004","volume":"144","author":"GL Armstrong","year":"2006","unstructured":"Armstrong GL, Wasley A, Simard EP, McQuillan GM, Kuhnert WL, Alter MJ. The prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection in the United States, 1999 through 2002. Ann Intern Med. 2006;144:705\u201314.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"165_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199908193410802","volume":"341","author":"MJ Alter","year":"1999","unstructured":"Alter MJ, Kruszon-Moran D, Nainan OV, et al. The prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection in the United States, 1988 through 1994. N Engl J Med. 1999;341:556\u201362.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"165_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1097\/00004836-200209000-00013","volume":"35","author":"MM Hassan","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hassan MM, Frome A, Patt YZ, El-Serag HB. Rising prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection among patients recently diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma in the United States. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2002;35:266\u20139.","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"165_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1372","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2004.07.020","volume":"127","author":"JA Davila","year":"2004","unstructured":"Davila JA, Morgan RO, Shaib Y, McGlynn KA, El-Serag HB. Hepatitis C infection and the increasing incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma: a population-based study. Gastroenterology. 2004;127:1372\u201380.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"165_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.1997.v112.pm9024300","volume":"112","author":"G Fattovich","year":"1997","unstructured":"Fattovich G, Giustina G, Degos F, Tremolada F, Diodati G, Almasio P, et al. Morbidity and mortality in compensated cirrhosis C: a retrospective follow-up study of 384 patients. Gastroenterology. 1997;112:463\u201372.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"165_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(08)70126-9","volume":"8","author":"GT Strickland","year":"2008","unstructured":"Strickland GT, El-Kamary SS, Klenerman P, Nicosia A. Hepatitis C vaccine: supply and demand. Lancet Infect Dis. 2008;8:379\u201386.","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"165_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-200001000-00005","volume":"79","author":"P Cacoub","year":"2000","unstructured":"Cacoub P, Renou C, Rosenthal E, Cohen P, Loury I, Loustaud-Ratti V, et al. Extrahepatic manifestations associated with hepatitis C virus infection. A prospective multicenter study of 321 patients. Medicine. 2000;79:47\u201356.","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"165_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1439","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840360621","volume":"36","author":"HB El-Serag","year":"2002","unstructured":"El-Serag HB, Hampel H, Yeh C, Rabeneck L. Extrahepatic manifestations of hepatitis C among United States male veterans. Hepatology. 2002;36:1439\u201345.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"165_CR12","first-page":"2245","volume":"28","author":"V Loustaud-Ratti","year":"2001","unstructured":"Loustaud-Ratti V, Riche A, Liozon E, et al. Prevalence and characteristics of Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome or Sicca syndrome in chronic hepatitis C virus infection: a prospective study. J Rheumatol. 2001;28:2245\u201351.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"165_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.thj.6200400","volume":"5","author":"II Elhajj","year":"2004","unstructured":"Elhajj II, Sharara AI, Taher AT. Chronic hepatitis C associated with Coombs-positive hemolytic anemia. Hematol J. 2004;5:364\u20136.","journal-title":"Hematol J"},{"key":"165_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1097\/00004836-200103000-00015","volume":"32","author":"R Srinivasan","year":"2001","unstructured":"Srinivasan R. Autoimmune hemolytic anemia in treatment-na\u00efve chronic hepatitis C infection. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2001;32:245\u20137.","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"165_CR15","first-page":"256","volume":"16","author":"F Moccia","year":"2001","unstructured":"Moccia F, Tognoni E, Boccaccio P. Autoimmune hemolytic anemia in chronic hepatitis C virus infection: an unusual extrahepatic autoimmune manifestation. Ann Ital Med Int. 2001;16:256\u20139.","journal-title":"Ann Ital Med Int"},{"key":"165_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1097\/00004836-200109000-00014","volume":"33","author":"TC Chao","year":"2001","unstructured":"Chao TC, Chen CY, Yang YH, Chen PM, Chang FY, Lee SD. Chronic hepatitis C virus infection associated with primary warm-type autoimmune hemolytic anemia. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2001;33:232\u20133.","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"4","key":"165_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1053\/he.2000.5789","volume":"31","author":"L De Franceschi","year":"2000","unstructured":"De Franceschi L, Fattovich G, Turrini F, Ayi K, Brugnara C, Manzato F, et al. Hemolytic anemia induced by ribavirin therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection: role of membrane oxidative damage. Hepatology. 2000;31(4):997\u20131004.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"165_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1080\/10245330600938596","volume":"11","author":"AB Fern\u00e1ndez","year":"2006","unstructured":"Fern\u00e1ndez AB. An unusual case of autoimmune hemolytic anemia in treatment na\u00efve hepatitis C virus infection. Hematology. 2006;11:385\u20137.","journal-title":"Hematology"},{"key":"165_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2008.576","volume":"169","author":"EY Chiao","year":"2009","unstructured":"Chiao EY, Engels EA, Kramer JR, Pietz K, Henderson L, Giordano TP, Landgren O. Risk of immune thrombocytopenic purpura and autoimmune hemolytic anemia among 120 908 US veterans with hepatitis C virus infection. Arch Intern Med. 2009;169:357\u201363.","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"165_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1423-0410.1993.tb02135.x","volume":"65","author":"L Barbolla","year":"1993","unstructured":"Barbolla L, Paniagua C, Outeirino J, Prieto E, Sanchez Fayos J. Haemolytic anaemia to the alpha-interferon treatment: a proposed mechanism. Vox Sang. 1993;65:156\u20137.","journal-title":"Vox Sang"},{"key":"165_CR21","first-page":"451","volume":"7","author":"C Selmi","year":"2006","unstructured":"Selmi C, Lleo A, Zuin M, Podda M, Rossaro L, Gershwin ME. Interferon alpha and its contribution to autoimmunity. Curr Opin Investig Drugs. 2006;7:451\u20136.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Investig Drugs"},{"key":"165_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2007.01173.x","volume":"47","author":"ST Johnson","year":"2007","unstructured":"Johnson ST, Fueger JT, Gottschall JL. One center\u2019s experience: the serology and drugs associated with drug-induced immune hemolytic anemia\u2013\u2013a new paradigm. Transfusion. 2007;47:697\u2013702.","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"165_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garratty G. Drug-induced immune hemolytic anemia. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program. 2009:73\u20139.","DOI":"10.1182\/asheducation-2009.1.73"},{"key":"165_CR24","unstructured":"Greer JP. Wintrobe\u2019s Clinical Hematology. Vol II. Philadelphia: Lippincott; 1998:959\u2013961."},{"key":"165_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1888","volume":"11","author":"Q Ji","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ji Q, Perchellet A, Goverman JM. Viral infection triggers central nervous system autoimmunity via activation of CD8(+) T cells expressing dual TCRs. Nat Immunol. 2010;11:628\u201334.","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"165_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2141.1996.7542376.x","volume":"95","author":"S Pivetti","year":"1996","unstructured":"Pivetti S, Novarino A, Merico F, et al. High prevalence of autoimmune phenomena in hepatitis C virus antibody positive patients with lymphoproliferative and connective tissue disorders. Br J Haematol. 1996;95:204\u201311.","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"165_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2293","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V98.8.2293","volume":"98","author":"S Hamaia","year":"2001","unstructured":"Hamaia S, Li C, Allain JP. The dynamics of hepatitis C virus binding to platelets and 2 mononuclear cell lines. Blood. 2001;98:2293\u2013300.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"165_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1126\/science.282.5390.938","volume":"282","author":"P Pileri","year":"1998","unstructured":"Pileri P, Uematsu Y, Campagnoli S, et al. Binding of hepatitis C virus to CD81. Science. 1998;282:938\u201341.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"165_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2893.1999.00140.x","volume":"6","author":"X Li","year":"1999","unstructured":"Li X, Garon C, Fischer ER, et al. Persistence of hepatitis C virus in a human megakaryoblastic leukaemia cell line. J Viral Hepatol. 1999;6:107\u201314.","journal-title":"J Viral Hepatol"},{"key":"165_CR30","unstructured":"Hepatitis C. World Health Organization. http:\/\/www.who.int."},{"key":"165_CR31","volume-title":"The clinical management of systemic lupus erythematosus","author":"Y Shoenfeld","year":"1996","unstructured":"Shoenfeld Y, Ehrenfeld M. Hematologic manifestations. In: Schur PH, editor. The clinical management of systemic lupus erythematosus. Philadelphia: Lippincott; 1996."},{"key":"165_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199701303360507","volume":"336","author":"JH Hoofnagle","year":"1997","unstructured":"Hoofnagle JH, Di Bisceglie AM. The treatment of chronic viral hepatitis. N Engl J Med. 1997;336:347\u201356.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"165_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/0268-960X(93)90006-P","volume":"7","author":"DM Keeling","year":"1993","unstructured":"Keeling DM, Isenberg DA. Haematological manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus. Blood Rev. 1993;7:199\u2013207.","journal-title":"Blood Rev"},{"key":"165_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1426","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)07124-4","volume":"352","author":"T Poynard","year":"1998","unstructured":"Poynard T, Marcellin P, Lee SS, Niederau C, Minuk GS, Ideo G, et al. Randomised trial of interferon alpha2b plus ribavirin for 48\u00a0weeks or for 24\u00a0weeks versus interferon alpha2b plus placebo for 48\u00a0weeks for treatment of chronic infection with hepatitis C virus. Lancet. 1998;352:1426\u201332.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"165_CR35","first-page":"ECR26","volume":"91","author":"C Cauli","year":"2006","unstructured":"Cauli C, Serra G, Chessa L, Balestrieri C, Scioscia R, Lai ME, et al. Severe autoimmune hemolytic anemia in a patient with chronic hepatitis C during treatment with peginterferon alfa-2a and ribavirin. Haematologica. 2006;91:ECR26.","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"165_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1981","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2008.01957.x","volume":"103","author":"N Reau","year":"2008","unstructured":"Reau N, Hadziyannis SJ, Messinger D, Fried MW, Jensen DM. Early predictors of anemia in patients with hepatitis C genotype 1 treated with peginterferon alfa-2a (40KD) plus ribavirin. Am J Gastroenterol. 2008;103:1981\u20138.","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"165_CR37","first-page":"78","volume":"121","author":"M Al-Ansari","year":"2008","unstructured":"Al-Ansari M, Weilert F, Dickson G. Interferon-induced haemolytic anaemia in hepatitis C. N Z Med J. 2008;121:78\u201381.","journal-title":"N Z Med J"},{"key":"165_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1590\/S0037-86822007000600016","volume":"40","author":"FC Vilar","year":"2007","unstructured":"Vilar FC, Castro G, Moya MJ, Martinelli Ade L, De Santis GC, Cozac AP, et al. Autoimmune hemolytic anemia in HCV\/HIV coinfected patients during treatment with pegylated alpha-2a interferon plus ribavirin. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2007;40:678\u201380.","journal-title":"Rev Soc Bras Med Trop"},{"key":"165_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-006-1858-2","volume":"41","author":"T Oze","year":"2006","unstructured":"Oze T, Hiramatsu N, Kurashige N, Tsuda N, Yakushijin T, Kanto T, et al. Early decline of hemoglobin correlates with progression of ribavirin-induced hemolytic anemia during interferon plus ribavirin combination therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C. J Gastroenterol. 2006;41:862\u201372.","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"165_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-8588(18)30123-0","volume":"8","author":"LC Jefferies","year":"1994","unstructured":"Jefferies LC. Transfusion therapy in autoimmune hemolytic anemia. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 1994;8:1087\u2013104.","journal-title":"Hematol Oncol Clin North Am"},{"key":"165_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-200303000-00003","volume":"82","author":"M Ramos-Casals","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ramos-Casals M, Garc\u00eda-Carrasco M, L\u00f3pez-Medrano F, Trejo O, Forns X, L\u00f3pez-Guillermo A, Mu\u00f1oz C, Ingelmo M, Font J. Severe autoimmune cytopenias in treatment-naive hepatitis C virus infection: clinical description of 35 cases. Medicine (Baltimore). 2003;82:87\u201396.","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"165_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.2830440404","volume":"44","author":"G Flores","year":"1993","unstructured":"Flores G, Cunningham-Rundles C, Newland AC, Bussel JB. Efficacy of intravenous immunoglobulin in the treatment of autoimmune hemolytic anemia: results in 73 patients. Am J Hematol. 1993;44:237\u201342.","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"key":"165_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.1993.tb00720.x","volume":"234","author":"M Bjorkholm","year":"1993","unstructured":"Bjorkholm M. Intravenous immunoglobulin treatment in cytopenic haematological disorders. J Intern Med. 1993;234:119\u201326.","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"key":"165_CR44","first-page":"ECR13","volume":"91","author":"WW Cheung","year":"2006","unstructured":"Cheung WW, Hwang GY, Tse E, Kwong YL. Alemtuzumab induced complete remission of autoimmune hemolytic anemia refractory to corticosteroids, splenectomy and rituximab. Haematologica. 2006;91:ECR13.","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"165_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1532\/IJH97.04017","volume":"80","author":"S Ito","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ito S, Oyake T, Uchiyama T, Sugawara T, Murai K, Ishida Y. Successful treatment with cyclosporine and high-dose gamma immunoglobulin for persistent parvovirus B19 infection in a patient with refractory autoimmune hemolytic anemia. Int J Hematol. 2004;80:250\u20133.","journal-title":"Int J Hematol"},{"key":"165_CR46","first-page":"300","volume":"7","author":"SS Das","year":"2009","unstructured":"Das SS, Chaudhary R. Utility of adsorption techniques in serological evaluation of warm autoimmune haemolytic anaemia. Blood Transfus. 2009;7:300\u20134.","journal-title":"Blood Transfus"},{"key":"165_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hoffman PC. Immune hemolytic anemia\u2013\u2013selected topics. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program. 2009:80\u20136.","DOI":"10.1182\/asheducation-2009.1.80"}],"container-title":["Clinical Journal of Gastroenterology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12328-010-0165-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12328-010-0165-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12328-010-0165-x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12328-010-0165-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,29]],"date-time":"2022-07-29T12:41:17Z","timestamp":1659098477000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12328-010-0165-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,6]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,10]]}},"alternative-id":["165"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12328-010-0165-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1865-7257","1865-7265"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1865-7257","type":"print"},{"value":"1865-7265","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 April 2010","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 July 2010","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 August 2010","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}