{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T22:09:19Z","timestamp":1793138959744,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,16]],"date-time":"2018-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1521158400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin J Gastroenterol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12328-018-0851-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,16]],"date-time":"2018-03-16T06:52:30Z","timestamp":1521183150000},"page":"268-272","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Colitis with wall thickening and edematous changes during oral administration of the powdered form of Qing-dai in patients with ulcerative colitis: a report of two cases"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Satoru","family":"Kondo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0249-9653","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Toshimitsu","family":"Araki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshiki","family":"Okita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akira","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasuhiko","family":"Hamada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masaki","family":"Katsurahara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noriyuki","family":"Horiki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Misaki","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takahiro","family":"Shimoyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takayuki","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshiyuki","family":"Takei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masato","family":"Kusunoki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"851_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1185447","volume":"75","author":"I Plitzko","year":"2009","unstructured":"Plitzko I, Mohn T, Sedlacek N, et al. Composition of Indigo naturalis. Planta Med. 2009;75:860\u20133.","journal-title":"Planta Med"},{"key":"851_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.12557","volume":"169","author":"S Deng","year":"2013","unstructured":"Deng S, May BH, Zhang AL, et al. Plant extracts for the topical management of psoriasis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Dermatol. 2013;169:769\u201382.","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"851_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1457","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.144.11.1457","volume":"144","author":"YK Lin","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lin YK, Chang CJ, Chang YC, et al. Clinical assessment of patients with recalcitrant psoriasis in a randomized, observer-blind, vehicle-controlled trial using indigo naturalis. Arch Dermatol. 2008;144:1457\u201364.","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"851_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1089\/acm.2012.0296","volume":"19","author":"F Zhang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zhang F, Li Y, Xu F, et al. Comparison of Xilei-san, a Chinese herbal medicine, and dexamethasone in mild\/moderate ulcerative proctitis: a double-blind randomized clinical trial. J Altern Complement Med. 2013;19:838\u201342.","journal-title":"J Altern Complement Med"},{"key":"851_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1808","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2012.07215.x","volume":"27","author":"K Fukunaga","year":"2012","unstructured":"Fukunaga K, Ohda Y, Hida N, et al. Placebo controlled evaluation of Xilei San, a herbal preparation in patients with intractable ulcerative proctitis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2012;27:1808\u201315.","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"851_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2718","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v19.i17.2718","volume":"19","author":"H Suzuki","year":"2013","unstructured":"Suzuki H, Kaneko T, Mizokami Y, et al. Therapeutic efficacy of the Qing Dai in patients with intractable ulcerative colitis. World J Gastroenterol. 2013;19:2718\u201322.","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"851_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1159\/000444217","volume":"93","author":"S Sugimoto","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sugimoto S, Naganuma M, Kiyohara H, et al. Clinical efficacy and safety of oral Qing-Dai in patients with ulcerative colitis: a single-center open-label prospective study. Digestion. 2016;93:193\u2013201.","journal-title":"Digestion"},{"key":"851_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-016-1220-2","volume":"51","author":"S Sugimoto","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sugimoto S, Naganuma M, Kanai T. Indole compounds may be promising medicines for ulcerative colitis. J Gastroenterol. 2016;51:853\u201361.","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"851_CR9","first-page":"646","volume":"50","author":"BJ Suo","year":"2011","unstructured":"Suo BJ, Zhou LY, Ding SG. et al [The endoscopic and clinical features of Indigo Naturalis-associated ischemic lesions of colonic mucosa]. Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi. 2011;50:646\u20139.","journal-title":"Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi"},{"key":"851_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1186\/s13020-015-0061-x","volume":"10","author":"HT Xiao","year":"2015","unstructured":"Xiao HT, Peng J, Hu DD, et al. Qing-dai powder promotes recovery of colitis by inhibiting inflammatory responses of colonic macrophages in dextran sulfate sodium-treated mice. Chin Med. 2015;10:29.","journal-title":"Chin Med"},{"key":"851_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-007-0232-3","volume":"82","author":"K Sugihara","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sugihara K, Okayama T, Kitamura S, et al. Comparative study of aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligand activities of six chemicals in vitro and in vivo. Arch Toxicol. 2008;82:5\u201311.","journal-title":"Arch Toxicol"},{"key":"851_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31475","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.C100238200","volume":"276","author":"J Adachi","year":"2001","unstructured":"Adachi J, Mori Y, Matsui S, et al. Indirubin and indigo are potent aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligands present in human urine. J Biol Chem. 2001;276:31475\u20138.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"851_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-016-1292-z","volume":"52","author":"S Kawai","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kawai S, Iijima H, Shinzaki S, et al. Indigo Naturalis ameliorates murine dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis via aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation. J Gastroenterol. 2017;52:904\u201319.","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"851_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2013.08.002","volume":"39","author":"J Qiu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Qiu J, Guo X, Chen ZM, et al. Group 3 innate lymphoid cells inhibit T-cell-mediated intestinal inflammation through aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling and regulation of microflora. Immunity. 2013;39:386\u201399.","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"851_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2009.07.005","volume":"48","author":"JZ Liu","year":"2009","unstructured":"Liu JZ, Pezeshki M, Raffatellu M. Th17 cytokines and host-pathogen interactions at the mucosa: dichotomies of help and harm. Cytokine. 2009;48:156\u201360.","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"851_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-017-1646-y","volume":"17","author":"IS Yu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yu IS, Lee JS, Kim SD, et al. Monitoring heavy metals, residual agricultural chemicals and sulfites in traditional herbal decoctions. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2017;17:154.","journal-title":"BMC Complement Altern Med"},{"key":"851_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1177\/153473540200100313","volume":"1","author":"HH Fong","year":"2002","unstructured":"Fong HH. Integration of herbal medicine into modern medical practices: issues and prospects. Integr Cancer Ther. 2002;1:287\u201393.","journal-title":"Integr Cancer Ther"},{"key":"851_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2011.09.004","volume":"20","author":"J Zhang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zhang J, Wider B, Shang H, et al. Quality of herbal medicines: challenges and solutions. Complement Ther Med. 2012;20:100\u20136.","journal-title":"Complement Ther Med"},{"key":"851_CR19","unstructured":"WHO: World Health Organization guidelines for assessing quality of herbal medicines with reference to contaminants and residues. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2007."},{"key":"851_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/s0016-5085","author":"M Naganuma","year":"2017","unstructured":"Naganuma M, Sugimoto S, Mitsuyama K, INDIGO Study Group, et al. Efficacy of Indigo naturalis in a multicenter randomized controlled trial of patients with ulcerative colitis. Gastroenterology. 2017. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/s0016-5085\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"}],"container-title":["Clinical Journal of Gastroenterology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12328-018-0851-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12328-018-0851-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12328-018-0851-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,15]],"date-time":"2019-03-15T21:00:05Z","timestamp":1552683605000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12328-018-0851-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,16]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]}},"alternative-id":["851"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12328-018-0851-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1865-7257","1865-7265"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1865-7257","type":"print"},{"value":"1865-7265","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 April 2017","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 March 2018","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 March 2018","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"Satoru Kondo, Toshimitsu Araki, Yoshiki Okita, Akira Yamamoto, Yasuhiko Hamada, Masaki Katsurahara, Noriyuki Horiki, Misaki Nakamura, Takahiro Shimoyama, Takayuki Yamamoto, Yoshiyuki Takei, and Masato Kusunoki declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"All procedures followed have been performed in accordance with the ethical standards laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Human rights"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all patients for being included in the study.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}]}}