{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T04:57:34Z","timestamp":1760245054468},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,14]],"date-time":"2019-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1550102400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin J Gastroenterol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12328-019-00950-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,14]],"date-time":"2019-02-14T13:44:08Z","timestamp":1550151848000},"page":"367-371","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Asymptomatic giant cell hepatitis: a subtype of post-infantile giant cell hepatitis?"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Takahiro","family":"Zenda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ichiro","family":"Araki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Motoko","family":"Sasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"950_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.47.11.1022","volume":"47","author":"SJ Johnson","year":"1994","unstructured":"Johnson SJ, Mathew J, MacSween RN, et al. Post-infantile giant cell hepatitis: histological and immunohistochemical study. J Clin Pathol. 1994;47:1022\u20137.","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"950_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1080\/003655202753387464","volume":"37","author":"J Koskinas","year":"2002","unstructured":"Koskinas J, Deutsch M, Papaioannou C, et al. Post-infantile giant cell hepatitis associated with autoimmune hepatitis and polyarteritis nodosa. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2002;37:120\u20133.","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"950_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2075","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.51.8197","volume":"51","author":"T Ishikawa","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ishikawa T. Diagnosis and treatment strategy for syncytial giant cell hepatitis. Intern Med. 2012;51:2075\u20136.","journal-title":"Intern Med"},{"key":"950_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1274","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2001.03711.x","volume":"96","author":"J Labowitz","year":"2001","unstructured":"Labowitz J, Finklestein S, Rabinovitz M. Postinfantile giant cell hepatitis complicating ulcerative colitis: a case report and review of the literature. Am J Gastroenterol. 2001;96:1274\u20137.","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"950_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2016.02.007","volume":"6","author":"S Shetty","year":"2016","unstructured":"Shetty S, Janarthanan K, Leelakrishnan V, et al. Giant-cell hepatitis-rare entity in adults. J Clin Exp Hepatol. 2016;6:244\u20135.","journal-title":"J Clin Exp Hepatol"},{"key":"950_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1162","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(94)90242-9","volume":"107","author":"M Rabinovitz","year":"1994","unstructured":"Rabinovitz M, Demetris AJ. Postinfantile giant cell hepatitis associated with anti-M2 mitochondrial antibodies. Gastroenterology. 1994;107:1162\u20134.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"950_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1111\/1751-2980.12273","volume":"16","author":"N Gupta","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gupta N, Njei B. Syncytial giant cell hepatitis in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. J Dig Dis. 2015;16:683\u20138.","journal-title":"J Dig Dis"},{"key":"950_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02899924","volume":"3","author":"L G\u00e1bor","year":"1997","unstructured":"G\u00e1bor L, P\u00e1l K, Zsuzsa S. Giant cell hepatitis in adults. Pathol Oncol Res. 1997;3:215\u20138.","journal-title":"Pathol Oncol Res"},{"key":"950_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/601290","author":"C Bihari","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bihari C, Rastogi A, Sarin SK. Postinfantile giant cell hepatitis: an etiological and prognostic perspective. Hepat Res Treat. 2013. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2013\/601290 .","journal-title":"Hepat Res Treat"},{"key":"950_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0676.1982.tb00839.x","volume":"2","author":"H Thaler","year":"1982","unstructured":"Thaler H. Post-infantile giant cell hepatitis. Liver. 1982;2:393\u2013403.","journal-title":"Liver"},{"key":"950_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-8278(92)90039-R","volume":"15","author":"JY Lau","year":"1992","unstructured":"Lau JY, Koukoulis G, Mieli-Vergani G, et al. Syncytial giant-cell hepatitis\u2014a specific disease entity? J Hepatol. 1992;15:216\u20139.","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"950_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840160208","volume":"16","author":"K Devaney","year":"1992","unstructured":"Devaney K, Goodman ZD, Ishak KG. Postinfantile giant-cell transformation in hepatitis. Hepatology. 1992;16:327\u201333.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"950_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199102143240705","volume":"324","author":"MJ Phillips","year":"1991","unstructured":"Phillips MJ, Blendis LM, Poucell S, et al. Syncytial giant-cell hepatitis. Sporadic hepatitis with distinctive pathological features, a severe clinical course, and paramyxoviral features. N Engl J Med. 1991;324:455\u201360.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"950_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e3181f85a87","volume":"52","author":"JW Fang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Fang JW, Gonz\u00e1lez-Peralta RP, Chong SK, et al. Hepatic expression of cell proliferation markers and growth factors in giant cell hepatitis: implications for the pathogenetic mechanisms involved. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2011;52:65\u201372.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"950_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2141","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.51.7870","volume":"51","author":"K Tajiri","year":"2012","unstructured":"Tajiri K, Shimizu Y, Tokimitsu Y, et al. An elderly man with syncytial giant cell hepatitis successfully treated by immunosuppressants. Intern Med. 2012;51:2141\u20134.","journal-title":"Intern Med"},{"key":"950_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3521","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-006-9698-8","volume":"52","author":"\u00d6 Harmanci","year":"2007","unstructured":"Harmanci \u00d6, \u00d6nal IK, Ersoy O, et al. Postinfantile giant cell hepatitis due to hepatitis E virus along with the presence of autoantibodies. Dig Dis Sci. 2007;52:3521\u20133.","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"950_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-2277.1998.tb00980.x","volume":"11","author":"JP Lerut","year":"1998","unstructured":"Lerut JP, Claeys N, Ciccarelli O, et al. Recurrent postinfantile syncytial giant cell hepatitis after orthotopic liver transplantation. Transpl Int. 1998;11:320\u20132.","journal-title":"Transpl Int"},{"key":"950_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2000.01863.x","volume":"95","author":"Z Ben-Ari","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ben-Ari Z, Broida E, Monselise Y, et al. Syncytial giant-cell hepatitis due to autoimmune hepatitis type II (LKM1+) presenting as subfulminant hepatitis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2000;95:799\u2013801.","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"950_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0b013e3283506843","volume":"24","author":"S Welte","year":"2012","unstructured":"Welte S, Gagesch M, Weber A, et al. Fulminant liver failure in Wilson\u2019s disease with histologic features of postinfantile giant cell hepatitis; cytomegalovirus as the trigger for both? Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2012;24:328\u201331.","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"950_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1097\/00042737-200510000-00020","volume":"17","author":"T Kuntzen","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kuntzen T, Friedrichs N, Fischer HP, et al. Postinfantile giant cell hepatitis with autoimmune features following a human herpesvirus 6-induced adverse drug reaction. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2005;17:1131\u20134.","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"950_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A26A26.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2008.06.020","volume":"6","author":"K Ahmed","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ahmed K, Zucker SD. Giant cell hepatitis in a teenage woman. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2008;6:A26\u2013A26.e1.","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"950_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.50.4063","volume":"50","author":"H Hayashi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hayashi H, Narita R, Hiura M, et al. A case of adult autoimmune hepatitis with histological features of giant cell hepatitis. Intern Med. 2011;50:315\u20139.","journal-title":"Intern Med"},{"key":"950_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/9793868","author":"P Arvaniti","year":"2018","unstructured":"Arvaniti P, Zachou K, Koukoulis GK, et al. Postinfantile giant cell hepatitis with features of acute severe autoimmune hepatitis probably triggered by diclofenac in a patient with primary myelofibrosis. Case Rep Hepatol. 2018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2018\/9793868 .","journal-title":"Case Rep Hepatol"},{"key":"950_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1888","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.21881","volume":"15","author":"V Singh","year":"2009","unstructured":"Singh V, Rudraraju M, Carey EJ, et al. An unusual occurrence of giant cell hepatitis. Liver Transpl. 2009;15:1888\u201390.","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"key":"950_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2245","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23830","volume":"52","author":"R Moreno-Otero","year":"2010","unstructured":"Moreno-Otero R, Trapero-Marug\u00e1n M, Garc\u00eda-Buey L, et al. Drug-induced postinfantile giant cell hepatitis. Hepatology. 2010;52:2245\u20136.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"950_CR26","first-page":"159","volume":"29","author":"K Torizuka","year":"1992","unstructured":"Torizuka K, Ha-Kawa SK, Kudo M, et al. Phase III multi-center clinical study on 99mTc-GSA, a new agent for functional imaging of the liver (in Japanese, abstract in English). Kaku Igaku. 1992;29:159\u201381.","journal-title":"Kaku Igaku"},{"key":"950_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(99)80297-9","volume":"31","author":"F Alvarez","year":"1999","unstructured":"Alvarez F, Berg PA, Bianchi FB, et al. International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group Report: review of criteria for diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis. J Hepatol. 1999;31:929\u201338.","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"950_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1872-034X.2007.00297.x","volume":"38","author":"T Ikegami","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ikegami T, Matsuzaki Y. Ursodeoxycholic acid: Mechanism of action and novel clinical applications. Hepatol Res. 2008;38:123\u201331.","journal-title":"Hepatol Res"},{"key":"950_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(01)01105-6","volume":"112","author":"RA Harrison","year":"2002","unstructured":"Harrison RA, Bahar A, Payne MM. Postinfantile giant cell hepatitis associated with long-term elevated transaminase levels in treated Graves\u2019 disease. Am J Med. 2002;112:326\u20137.","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"950_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2796.1998.0385a.x","volume":"244","author":"MP Stoffel","year":"1998","unstructured":"Stoffel MP, Steffen HM, Dries V, et al. Acute exacerbation of overlapping autoimmune liver disease with development of giant cell hepatitis after 14 years\u2019 disease duration. J Intern Med. 1998;244:355\u201360.","journal-title":"J Intern Med"}],"container-title":["Clinical Journal of Gastroenterology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12328-019-00950-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12328-019-00950-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12328-019-00950-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,14]],"date-time":"2024-07-14T19:59:07Z","timestamp":1720987147000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12328-019-00950-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,14]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]}},"alternative-id":["950"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12328-019-00950-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1865-7257","1865-7265"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1865-7257","type":"print"},{"value":"1865-7265","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"20 November 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 February 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 February 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"All authors (Takahiro Zenda, Ichiro Araki, and Motoko Sasaki) declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"All procedures followed have been performed in accordance with the ethical standards laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Human\/animal rights"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from the patient for being reported in this journal.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}]}}