{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T13:05:53Z","timestamp":1791378353458,"version":"4.3.2"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782259200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782259200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin J Gastroenterol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12328-026-02381-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T07:09:25Z","timestamp":1782284965000},"page":"1206-1214","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Primary mucosal melanoma of the maxillary sinus with spontaneous rupture of liver metastasis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1384-8938","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shusuke","family":"Okamura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wataru","family":"Fukami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Risa","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshinao","family":"Kinjo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yusuke","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yusuke","family":"Aoki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiromasa","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erina","family":"Ueno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Kawano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takumi","family":"Kawaguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2381_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2018.04.002","volume":"9","author":"SK Sahu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sahu SK, Chawla YK, Dhiman RK, et al. Rupture of hepatocellular carcinoma: a review of literature. J Clin Exp Hepatol. 2019;9:245\u201356.","journal-title":"J Clin Exp Hepatol"},{"key":"2381_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1111\/hpb.12474","volume":"17","author":"S Srinivasa","year":"2015","unstructured":"Srinivasa S, Lee WG, Aldameh A, et al. Spontaneous hepatic haemorrhage: a review of pathogenesis, aetiology and treatment. HPB (Oxford). 2015;17:872\u201380.","journal-title":"HPB (Oxford)"},{"key":"2381_CR3","first-page":"209","volume":"36","author":"I Kojima","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kojima I, Kiriyama Y, Kikuchi M, et al. An autopsy case of AFP producing gastric carcinoma with rupture of the metastatic liver tumor. Jpn J Diagn Pathol. 2019;36:209\u201314.","journal-title":"Jpn J Diagn Pathol"},{"key":"2381_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1826","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-015-3992-9","volume":"26","author":"G Gr\u00f6zinger","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gr\u00f6zinger G, Mann S, Mehra T, et al. Metastatic patterns and metastatic sites in mucosal melanoma: a retrospective study. Eur Radiol. 2016;26:1826\u201334.","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"2381_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-016-2747-6","volume":"16","author":"Y Wang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wang Y, Zhao Y, Ma S. Racial differences in six major subtypes of melanoma: descriptive epidemiology. BMC Cancer. 2016;16:691.","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"2381_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1097\/CMR.0000000000000375","volume":"27","author":"T Tomizuka","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tomizuka T, Namikawa K, Higashi T. Characteristics of melanoma in Japan: a nationwide registry analysis 2011\u20132013. Melanoma Res. 2017;27:492\u20137.","journal-title":"Melanoma Res"},{"key":"2381_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2146","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.2110","volume":"8","author":"Y Fujisawa","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fujisawa Y, Yoshikawa S, Minagawa A, et al. Clinical and histopathological characteristics and survival analysis of 4594 Japanese patients with melanoma. Cancer Med. 2019;8:2146\u201356.","journal-title":"Cancer Med"},{"key":"2381_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1007\/s13244-015-0437-6","volume":"6","author":"S Rajesh","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rajesh S, Bansal K, Sureka B, et al. The imaging conundrum of hepatic lymphoma revisited. Insights Imaging. 2015;6:679\u201392.","journal-title":"Insights Imaging"},{"key":"2381_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-004-2615-7","volume":"15","author":"TA Huisman","year":"2005","unstructured":"Huisman TA. Intracranial hemorrhage: ultrasound, CT and MRI findings. Eur Radiol. 2005;15:434\u201340.","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"2381_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.1007\/s11912-023-01453-x","volume":"25","author":"MC Sergi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sergi MC, Filoni E, Triggiano G, et al. Mucosal melanoma: epidemiology, clinical features, and treatment. Curr Oncol Rep. 2023;25:1247\u201358.","journal-title":"Curr Oncol Rep"},{"key":"2381_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1664","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0142(19981015)83:8<1664::AID-CNCR23>3.0.CO;2-G","volume":"83","author":"AE Chang","year":"1998","unstructured":"Chang AE, Karnell LH, Menck HR. The National Cancer Data Base report on cutaneous and noncutaneous melanoma: a summary of 84,836 cases from the past decade. Cancer. 1998;83:1664\u201378.","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"2381_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1537","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.21984","volume":"34","author":"K Shiga","year":"2012","unstructured":"Shiga K, Ogawa T, Kobayashi T, et al. Malignant melanoma of the head and neck: a multi-institutional retrospective analysis of cases in northern Japan. Head Neck. 2012;34:1537\u201341.","journal-title":"Head Neck"},{"key":"2381_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-6196(25)05146-8","volume":"51","author":"AM Cooperman","year":"1976","unstructured":"Cooperman AM, Weiland LH, Welch JS. Massive bleeding from a ruptured metastatic hepatic melanoma treated by hepatic lobectomy: case report and review of the literature. Mayo Clin Proc. 1976;51:167\u201370.","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"2381_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9610(78)90072-7","volume":"135","author":"JH Foster","year":"1978","unstructured":"Foster JH. Survival after liver resection for secondary tumors. Am J Surg. 1978;135:389\u201394.","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"2381_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1985.01390350027007","volume":"120","author":"WH Wagner","year":"1985","unstructured":"Wagner WH, Lundell CJ, Donovan AJ. Percutaneous angiographic embolization for hepatic arterial hemorrhage. Arch Surg. 1985;120:1241\u20139.","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"key":"2381_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.67.793.1028-a","volume":"67","author":"M Welch","year":"1991","unstructured":"Welch M. Spontaneous hepatic rupture due to metastatic malignant melanoma. Postgrad Med J. 1991;67:1028\u20139.","journal-title":"Postgrad Med J"},{"key":"2381_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02470981","volume":"21","author":"T Dousei","year":"1991","unstructured":"Dousei T, Miyata M, Yamaguchi T, et al. Rupture of liver metastasis of malignant melanoma\u2013a case of hepatic resection. Jpn J Surg. 1991;21:480\u20134.","journal-title":"Jpn J Surg"},{"key":"2381_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1007\/s11604-010-0441-1","volume":"28","author":"HJ Chun","year":"2010","unstructured":"Chun HJ, Osuga K, Fahrni M, et al. Massive bleeding of ruptured metastatic hepatic melanoma treated by transarterial embolization. Jpn J Radiol. 2010;28:395\u20137.","journal-title":"Jpn J Radiol"},{"key":"2381_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1097\/RLU.0b013e318251e1f2","volume":"37","author":"RM Wolfson","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wolfson RM, Romsa J. Ruptured liver metastasis with active hemorrhage has the classic appearance of a giant cavernous hemangioma on 99mTc-labeled RBC scintigraphy. Clin Nucl Med. 2012;37:984\u20135.","journal-title":"Clin Nucl Med"},{"key":"2381_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.3892\/ol.2015.3217","volume":"10","author":"S Lin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lin S, Wan D, Chen H, et al. Complete resection of isolated hepatic metastatic uveal melanoma with a notably long disease-free period: a case report and review of the literature. Oncol Lett. 2015;10:196\u2013200.","journal-title":"Oncol Lett"},{"key":"2381_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/s12907-015-0015-3","volume":"15","author":"T Nosaka","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nosaka T, Hiramatsu K, Nemoto T, et al. Ruptured hepatic metastases of cutaneous melanoma during treatment with vemurafenib: an autopsy case report. BMC Clin Pathol. 2015;15:15.","journal-title":"BMC Clin Pathol"},{"key":"2381_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hbpd.2019.11.005","volume":"19","author":"P Lainas","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lainas P, Rodda GA, Rafek G, et al. Lifesaving transarterial embolization using absorbable gelatin sponge particles for massive bleeding of ruptured metastatic hepatic melanoma. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int. 2020;19:194\u20136.","journal-title":"Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int"},{"key":"2381_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e252367","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2022-252367","volume":"16","author":"J Tiong","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tiong J, Rajagopalan A, Jaya J, et al. Spontaneous rupture of a solitary oligometastatic hepatic melanoma. BMJ Case Rep. 2023;16:e252367.","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"key":"2381_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abd.2022.10.015","volume":"99","author":"S Igari","year":"2024","unstructured":"Igari S, Yamamoto M, Kikuchi N, et al. A case of ruptured hepatic metastases during pembrolizumab administration for cutaneous malignant melanoma. Bras Dermatol. 2024;99:450\u20131.","journal-title":"Bras Dermatol"},{"key":"2381_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.136.6.682","volume":"136","author":"LX Zhu","year":"2001","unstructured":"Zhu LX, Geng XP, Fan ST. Spontaneous rupture of hepatocellular carcinoma and vascular injury. Arch Surg. 2001;136:682\u20137.","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"key":"2381_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1111\/hepr.12498","volume":"46","author":"H Yoshida","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yoshida H, Mamada Y, Taniai N, et al. Spontaneous ruptured hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatol Res. 2016;46:13\u201321.","journal-title":"Hepatol Res"},{"key":"2381_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1097\/00004836-199510000-00015","volume":"21","author":"CY Chen","year":"1995","unstructured":"Chen CY, Lin XZ, Shin JS, et al. Spontaneous rupture of hepatocellular carcinoma: a review of 141 Taiwanese cases and comparison with nonrupture cases. J Clin Gastroenterol. 1995;21:238\u201342.","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2381_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7302","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v18.i48.7302","volume":"18","author":"Q Zhu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zhu Q, Li J, Yan JJ, et al. Predictors and clinical outcomes for spontaneous rupture of hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol. 2012;18:7302\u20137.","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2381_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.2930310206","volume":"31","author":"LF Urdaneta","year":"1986","unstructured":"Urdaneta LF, Nielsen JV. Massive hemoperitoneum secondary to spontaneous rupture of hepatic metastases: report of two cases and review of the literature. J Surg Oncol. 1986;31:104\u20137.","journal-title":"J Surg Oncol"},{"key":"2381_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1102\/1470-7330.2007.0002","volume":"7","author":"S Namasivayam","year":"2007","unstructured":"Namasivayam S, Martin DR, Saini S. Imaging of liver metastases: MRI. Cancer Imaging. 2007;7:2\u20139.","journal-title":"Cancer Imaging"},{"key":"2381_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.15.1289","volume":"15","author":"B Ariff","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ariff B, Lloyd CR, Khan S, et al. Imaging of liver cancer. World J Gastroenterol. 2009;15:1289\u2013300.","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2381_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.2007.26.11.1545","volume":"26","author":"J Murphy-Lavallee","year":"2007","unstructured":"Murphy-Lavallee J, Jang HJ, Kim TK, et al. Are metastases really hypovascular in the arterial phase? The perspective based on contrast-enhanced ultrasonography. J Ultrasound Med. 2007;26:1545\u201356.","journal-title":"J Ultrasound Med"},{"key":"2381_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1186\/s40880-015-0070-2","volume":"35","author":"CN Qian","year":"2016","unstructured":"Qian CN, Tan MH, Yang JP, et al. Revisiting tumor angiogenesis: vessel co-option, vessel remodeling, and cancer cell-derived vasculature formation. Chin J Cancer. 2016;35:10.","journal-title":"Chin J Cancer"},{"key":"2381_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1253454","volume":"36","author":"JA Nagy","year":"2010","unstructured":"Nagy JA, Chang SH, Shih SC, et al. Heterogeneity of the tumor vasculature. Semin Thromb Hemost. 2010;36:321\u201331.","journal-title":"Semin Thromb Hemost"},{"key":"2381_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1097\/00004728-199007000-00009","volume":"14","author":"SW Atlas","year":"1990","unstructured":"Atlas SW, Braffman BH, LoBrutto R, et al. Human malignant melanomas with varying degrees of melanin content in nude mice: MR imaging, histopathology, and electron paramagnetic resonance. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 1990;14:547\u201354.","journal-title":"J Comput Assist Tomogr"},{"key":"2381_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ad.2014.04.012","volume":"106","author":"R Ballester S\u00e1nchez","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ballester S\u00e1nchez R, de Unamuno Bustos B, Navarro Mira M, et al. Mucosal melanoma: an update. Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2015;106:96\u2013103.","journal-title":"Actas Dermosifiliogr"},{"key":"2381_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1306","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2014.1348","volume":"150","author":"NE Thomas","year":"2014","unstructured":"Thomas NE, Kricker A, Waxweiler WT, et al. Comparison of clinicopathologic features and survival of histopathologically amelanotic and pigmented melanomas: a population-based study. JAMA Dermatol. 2014;150:1306\u201314.","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol"},{"key":"2381_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers16010215","volume":"16","author":"N Zamani-Siahkali","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zamani-Siahkali N, Mirshahvalad SA, Pirich C, et al. Diagnostic performance of [18F]F-FDG positron emission tomography (PET) in non-ophthalmic malignant melanoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis of more than 10,000 melanoma patients. Cancers (Basel). 2024;16:215.","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"}],"container-title":["Clinical Journal of Gastroenterology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12328-026-02381-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12328-026-02381-6","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12328-026-02381-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T12:42:59Z","timestamp":1791376979000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12328-026-02381-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["2381"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12328-026-02381-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1865-7257","1865-7265"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1865-7257","type":"print"},{"value":"1865-7265","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 January 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 June 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 June 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Takumi Kawaguchi recieved lecture fees from ASKA Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kowa Company, Ltd., AbbVie GK., Eisai Co., Ltd., EA Pharma Co., Ltd., Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim Co., Ltd., Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd., Novo Nordisk Pharma Ltd., Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Janssen Pharmaceutical K.K.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The patient consented to the submission of this case report to the journal.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Informed consent","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}