{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T23:22:31Z","timestamp":1789082551399,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,1]],"date-time":"2019-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1551398400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004312","name":"Eli Lilly and Company","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004312","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ADHD Atten Def Hyp Disord"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12402-019-00285-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,29]],"date-time":"2019-03-29T11:03:02Z","timestamp":1553857382000},"page":"83-89","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["ADHD: a hidden comorbidity in adult psychiatric patients"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9464-4709","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Istv\u00e1n","family":"Bitter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pavel","family":"Mohr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L\u00edvia","family":"Balogh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kl\u00e1ra","family":"L\u00e1talov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brigitta","family":"Kakuszi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pavla","family":"Stopkov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Zme\u0161kalov\u00e1-Jelenov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Attila","family":"Pulay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P\u00e1l","family":"Czobor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"285_CR1","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (text revison, DSM-IV-TR)","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2000","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association (2000) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (text revison, DSM-IV-TR), 4th edn. American Psychiatric Association, Washington","edition":"4"},{"key":"285_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2013","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association (2013) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 5h edn. American Psychiatric Association, Arlington","edition":"5h"},{"key":"285_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.106.026484","volume":"190","author":"P Asherson","year":"2007","unstructured":"Asherson P, Chen W, Craddock B, Taylor E (2007) Adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: recognition and treatment in general adult psychiatry. Br J Psychiatry 190:4\u20135","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"285_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1657","DOI":"10.1185\/03007995.2014.915800","volume":"8","author":"P Asherson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Asherson P, Young AH, Eich-H\u00f6chli D, Moran P, Porsdal V, Deberdt W (2014) Differential diagnosis, comorbidity, and treatment of attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder in relation to bipolar disorder or borderline personality disorder in adults. Curr Med Res Opin 8:1657\u20131672","journal-title":"Curr Med Res Opin"},{"key":"285_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.5498\/wjp.v7.i1.44","volume":"7","author":"J Balazs","year":"2017","unstructured":"Balazs J, Kereszteny A (2017) Attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder and suicide: a systematic review. World J Psychiatry 7:44\u201359","journal-title":"World J Psychiatry"},{"key":"285_CR6","first-page":"160","volume":"13","author":"J Bal\u00e1zs","year":"1998","unstructured":"Bal\u00e1zs J, Bitter I, Hideg K, Vitrai J (1998) A MINI \u00e9s a MINI Plusz k\u00e9rd\u00f5\u00edv magyar nyelv\u00fb v\u00e1ltozat\u00e1nak kidolgoz\u00e1sa. (Development of the Hungarian version of the MINI and MINI Plus questionnaires). Psychiatria Hung 13:160\u2013168","journal-title":"Psychiatria Hung"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"285_CR7","first-page":"3","volume":"65","author":"J Biederman","year":"2004","unstructured":"Biederman J (2004) Impact of comorbidity in adults with attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder. J Clin Psychiatry 65(Suppl 3):3\u20137","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"285_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1792","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.150.12.1792","volume":"150","author":"J Biederman","year":"1993","unstructured":"Biederman J, Faraone SV, Spencer T, Wilens T, Norman D, Lapey KA et al (1993) Patterns of psychiatric comorbidity, cognition, psychosocial functioning in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Am J Psychiatry 150:1792\u20131798","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"285_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1097\/CHI.0b013e31816429d3","volume":"47","author":"J Biederman","year":"2008","unstructured":"Biederman J, Ball SW, Monuteaux MC, Mick E, Spencer TJ, McCreary M et al (2008) New insights into the comorbidity between ADHD and major depression in adolescent and young adult females. J Am Acad Child Adol Psychiatry 47:426\u2013434","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adol Psychiatry"},{"key":"285_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-009-0076-3","volume":"260","author":"I Bitter","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bitter I, Simon V, Balint S, Meszaros A, Czobor P (2010) How do different diagnostic criteria, age and gender affect the prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults? An epidemiological study in a Hungarian community sample. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 260:287\u2013296","journal-title":"Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"285_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511780752","volume-title":"ADHD in adults. Characterization, diagnosis, and treatment","author":"JK Buitelaar","year":"2011","unstructured":"Buitelaar JK, Kan CC, Asherson P (2011) ADHD in adults. Characterization, diagnosis, and treatment. Cambridge University Press, New York"},{"key":"285_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2013.4174","volume":"71","author":"Z Chang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chang Z, Lichtenstein P, D\u2019Onofrio BM, Sj\u00f6lander A, Larsson H (2014) Serious transport accidents in adults with attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder and the effect of medication: a population-based study. JAMA Psychiatry 71:319\u2013325","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"285_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"g3769","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g3769","volume":"348","author":"Q Chen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chen Q, Sj\u00f6lander A, Runeson B, D\u2019Onofrio BM, Lichtenstein P, Larsson H (2014) Drug treatment for attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder and suicidal behaviour: register based study. BMJ 348:g3769. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.g3769","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"285_CR14","volume-title":"Conners\u2019 Adult ADHD Rating Scales (CAARS)","author":"CK Conners","year":"1999","unstructured":"Conners CK, Erhardt D, Sparrow EP (1999) Conners\u2019 Adult ADHD Rating Scales (CAARS). Multi-Health Systems Inc, North Tonawanda"},{"key":"285_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1177\/070674370905401004","volume":"54","author":"L Cumyn","year":"2009","unstructured":"Cumyn L, French L, Hechtman L (2009) Comorbidity in adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Can J Psychiatry 54:673\u2013683","journal-title":"Can J Psychiatry"},{"key":"285_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-015-0624-5","volume":"15","author":"W Deberdt","year":"2015","unstructured":"Deberdt W, Thome J, Lebrec J, Kraemer S, Fregenal I, Ramos-Quiroga JA, Arif M (2015) Prevalence of ADHD in nonpsychotic adult psychiatric care (ADPSYC): a multinational cross-sectional study in Europe. BMC Psychiatry 15:242","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"285_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2012.07.008","volume":"51","author":"JA Doshi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Doshi JA, Hodgkins P, Kahle J, Sikirica V, Cangelosi MJ, Setyawan J, Erder MH, Neumann PJ (2012) Economic impact of childhood and adult attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder in the United States. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 51:990\u20131002","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"285_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1007\/s12402-016-0208-3","volume":"9","author":"J Fayyad","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fayyad J, Sampson NA, Hwang I, Adamowski T, Aguilar-Gaxiola S, Al-Hamzawi A et al (2017) The descriptive epidemiology of DSM-IV-TR adult ADHD in the World Health Organization world mental health surveys. Atten Defic Hyperact Disord 9:47\u201365","journal-title":"Atten Defic Hyperact Disord"},{"key":"285_CR19","first-page":"pii: PCC.13r016","volume":"16","author":"Y Ginsberg","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ginsberg Y, Quintero J, Anand E, Casillas M, Upadhyaya HP (2014) Underdiagnosis of attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder in adult patients: a review of the literature. Prim Care Companion CNS Disord 16:pii: PCC.13r01600","journal-title":"Prim Care Companion CNS Disord"},{"key":"285_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.08m04722ora","volume":"71","author":"A Halmoy","year":"2010","unstructured":"Halmoy A, Halleland H, Dramsdahl M, Bergsholm P, Fasmer OB, Haavik J (2010) Bipolar symptoms in adult attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder: a cross-sectional study of 510 clinically diagnosed patients and 417 population-based controls. J Clin Psychiatry 71:48\u201357","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"285_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-007-0722-6","volume":"257","author":"CP Jacob","year":"2007","unstructured":"Jacob CP, Romanos J, Dempfle A, Heine M, Windemuth-Kieselbach C, Kruse A et al (2007) Co-morbidity of adult attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder with focus on personality traits and related disorders in a tertiary referral center. Eur Arch Psych Clin Neurosci 257:309\u2013317","journal-title":"Eur Arch Psych Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"285_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291704002892","volume":"35","author":"RC Kessler","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kessler RC, Adler L, Ames M, Demler O, Faraone S, Hiripi EVA et al (2005) The world health organization adult ADHD self-report scale (ASRS): a short screening scale for use in the general population. Psychol Med 35:245\u2013256","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"285_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1002\/mpr.208","volume":"16","author":"RC Kessler","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kessler RC, Adler LA, Gruber MJ, Sarawate CA, Spencer T, Van Brunt DL (2007) Validity of the World Health organization adult ADHD self-report scale (ASRS) screener in a representative sample of health plan members. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res 16(2):52\u201365","journal-title":"Int J Methods Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"285_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-244X-10-67","volume":"10","author":"SJ Kooij","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kooij SJ, Bejerot S, Blackwell A, Caci H, Casas-Brugu\u00e9 M et al (2010) European consensus statement on diagnosis and treatment of adult ADHD: the European network adult ADHD. BMC Psychiatry 10:67","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"285_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2006","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1203241","volume":"367","author":"P Lichtenstein","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lichtenstein P, Halldner L, Zetterqvist J, Sj\u00f6lander A, Serlachius E, Fazel S, L\u00e5ngstr\u00f6m N, Larsson H (2012) Medication for attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder and criminality. N Engl J Med 367:2006\u20132014","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"285_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.neuropsych.13060137","volume":"27","author":"B Matte","year":"2015","unstructured":"Matte B, Rohde LA, Turner JB, Fisher PW, Shen S, Bau CH (2015) Reliability and validity of proposed DSM-5 ADHD symptoms in a clinical sample of adults. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 27:228\u2013236","journal-title":"J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"285_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agn014","volume":"43","author":"MD Ohlmeier","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ohlmeier MD, Peters K, Wildt BTT, Zedler M, Ziegenbein M, Wiese B, Emrich HM, Schneider U (2008) Comorbidity of alcohol and substance dependence with attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Alcohol Alcohol 43:300\u2013304","journal-title":"Alcohol Alcohol"},{"key":"285_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.06.053","volume":"168","author":"N Perroud","year":"2014","unstructured":"Perroud N, Cordera P, Zimmermann J, Michalopoulos G, Bancila V, Prada P, Dayer A, Aubry JM (2014) Comorbidity between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and bipolar disorder in a specialized mood disorders outpatient clinic. J Affect Disord 168:161\u2013166","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"285_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1185\/03007995.2013.812961","volume":"29","author":"JA Ramos-Quiroga","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ramos-Quiroga JA, Montoya A, Kutzelnigg A, Deberdt W, Sobanski E (2013) Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in the European adult population: prevalence, disease awareness and treatment guidelines. Curr Med Res Opin 29:1093\u20131104","journal-title":"Curr Med Res Opin"},{"key":"285_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1002\/pnp.211","volume":"15","author":"P Rao","year":"2011","unstructured":"Rao P, Place M (2011) Prevalence of ADHD in four general adult outpatient clinics in North East England. Prog Neurol Psychiatry 15:7\u201310","journal-title":"Prog Neurol Psychiatry"},{"key":"285_CR31","first-page":"22","volume":"59","author":"DV Sheehan","year":"1998","unstructured":"Sheehan DV, Lecrubier Y, Sheehan KH, Amorim P, Janavs J, Weiller E et al (1998) The mini-international neuropsychiatric interview (M.I.N.I.): the development and validation of a structured diagnostic psychiatric interview for DSM-IV and ICD-10. J Clin Psychiatry 59:22\u201333","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"285_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2017.17030298","volume":"175","author":"MH Sibley","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sibley MH, Rohde LA, Swanson JM, Hechtman LT, Molina BS, Mitchell JT et al (2018) Late-onset ADHD reconsidered with comprehensive repeated assessments between ages 10 and 25. Am J Psychiatry 175(2):140\u2013149","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"285_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.107.048827","volume":"194","author":"V Simon","year":"2009","unstructured":"Simon V, Czobor P, Balint S, Meszaros A, Bitter I (2009) Prevalence and correlates of adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: meta-analysis. Br J Psychiatry 194:204\u2013211","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"285_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2012.05.002","volume":"28","author":"V Simon","year":"2013","unstructured":"Simon V, Czobor P, Bitter I (2013) Is ADHD severity in adults associated with the lifetime prevalence of comorbid depressive episodes and anxiety disorders? Eur Psychiatry 28:308\u2013314","journal-title":"Eur Psychiatry"},{"key":"285_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-007-0712-8","volume":"257","author":"E Sobanski","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sobanski E, Bruggemann D, Alm B, Kern S, Deschner M, Schubert T et al (2007) Psychiatric comorbidity and functional impairment in a clinically referred sample of adults with attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 257:371\u2013377","journal-title":"Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"285_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2004.09.008","volume":"57","author":"EJ Sonuga-Barke","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sonuga-Barke EJ (2005) Causal models of attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder: from common simple deficits to multiple developmental pathways. Biol Psychiatry 57:1231\u20131238","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"285_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsm005","volume":"32","author":"TJ Spencer","year":"2007","unstructured":"Spencer TJ, Biederman J, Mick E (2007) Attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder: diagnosis, lifespan, comorbidities, and neurobiology. J Pediatr Psychol 32:631\u2013642","journal-title":"J Pediatr Psychol"},{"key":"285_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1177\/1087054707299402","volume":"11","author":"J Sprafkin","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sprafkin J, Gadow KD, Weiss MD, Schneider J, Nolan EE (2007) Psychiatric comorbidity in ADHD symptom subtypes in clinic and community adults. J Atten Dis 11:114\u2013124","journal-title":"J Atten Dis"},{"key":"285_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291716002853","volume":"47","author":"ES Vitola","year":"2017","unstructured":"Vitola ES, Bau CHD, Salum GA, Horta BL, Quevedo L, Barros FC et al (2017) Exploring DSM-5 ADHD criteria beyond young adulthood: phenomenology, psychometric properties and prevalence in a large three-decade birth cohort. Psychol Med 47:744\u2013754","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"285_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1557","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.08m04785pur","volume":"70","author":"TE Wilens","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wilens TE, Biederman J, Faraone SV, Martelon M, Westerberg D, Spencer TJ (2009) Presenting ADHD symptoms, subtypes, and comorbid disorders in clinically referred adults with ADHD. J Clin Psychiatry 70:1557\u20131562","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12402-019-00285-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12402-019-00285-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12402-019-00285-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,28]],"date-time":"2020-03-28T00:16:15Z","timestamp":1585354575000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12402-019-00285-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]}},"alternative-id":["285"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12402-019-00285-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1866-6116","1866-6647"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1866-6116","type":"print"},{"value":"1866-6647","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"26 June 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 January 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 March 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that beyond the above disclosed funding have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and\/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The protocol and the patient information and informed consent forms of this non-interventional study were approved by the ethics committees for the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University in Budapest, Hungary and for the Prague Psychiatric Center\/National Institute of Mental Health, Czech Republic. During the course of the study, a third study site (second Czech site) was added, Psychiatric Clinic University Hospital in Olomouc, in order to increase subjects\u2019 enrollment. The change was approved by the Ethics Committee.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Statement on human rights"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}]}}