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The multidisciplinary IE Working Group assessed all ESC recommendations and concluded that the majority could be endorsed, albeit with certain modifications. The IE Working Group presents a\u00a0refined (and simplified) antibiotic prophylactic regimen and an updated table to guide the analysis of suspected blood culture-negative IE. Furthermore, the pivotal role of the Endocarditis Team in the management of patients with suspected and confirmed IE was reaffirmed, along with reinforced recommendations for nearly all cardiac and extracardiac imaging in these cases. Most notable, a\u00a0preliminary recommendation was issued for switching to oral antibiotic therapy in patients with native valve endocarditis caused by viridans streptococci, while awaiting the revision of the Dutch Working Group on Antibiotic Policy (SWAB) IE guideline. In addition, the surgical recommendations were evaluated and revised, including improved clinical criteria in case of cardiac surgery following neurological complications of IE and an advised disregard of the new class\u00a0I ESC recommendation for surgery in early prosthetic valve endocarditis (&lt;\u202f6\u00a0months). Moreover, an additional device recommendation was proposed for the choice of (alternate) devices in case of device reimplantation after IE.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12471-025-02011-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]],"date-time":"2025-12-18T15:15:53Z","timestamp":1766070953000},"page":"7-17","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["2023 European Society of Cardiology guidelines for the management of infective endocarditis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0201-7047","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annelot J. L.","family":"Peijster","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cees","family":"van Nieuwkoop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruud W. 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