{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T20:12:17Z","timestamp":1782159137303,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,30]],"date-time":"2012-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1351555200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arab J Geosci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12517-012-0707-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,29]],"date-time":"2012-10-29T17:54:05Z","timestamp":1351533245000},"page":"35-53","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":202,"title":["Drought risk assessment using remote sensing and GIS techniques"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Abdel-Aziz","family":"Belal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hassan R.","family":"El-Ramady","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elsayed S.","family":"Mohamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed M.","family":"Saleh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"707_CR1","unstructured":"Allaby M (2003) Draughts. Book, ISBN-13:7980816047932"},{"key":"707_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0477-78.5.847","volume":"78","author":"AMS (American Meteorological Society)","year":"1997","unstructured":"AMS (American Meteorological Society) (1997) Meteorological drought policy statement. Bull Am Meteorol Soc 78:847\u2013849","journal-title":"Bull Am Meteorol Soc"},{"key":"707_CR3","first-page":"771","volume":"85","author":"AMS (American Meteorological Society)","year":"2004","unstructured":"AMS (American Meteorological Society) (2004) Statement on meteorological drought. Bull Am Meteorol Soc 85:771\u2013773","journal-title":"Bull Am Meteorol Soc"},{"key":"707_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1086","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaridenv.2007.12.004","volume":"72","author":"PR Bajgiran","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bajgiran PR, Darvishsefat AA, Khalilic A, Makhdoum MF (2008) Using AVHRR-based vegetation indices for drought monitoring in the Northwest of Iran. J Arid Environ 72:1086\u20131096","journal-title":"J Arid Environ"},{"issue":"6","key":"707_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1007\/s11269-005-9013-z","volume":"20","author":"I Bordi","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bordi I, Fraedrich K, Petitta M et al (2006) Large-scale assessment of drought variability based on NCEP\/NCAR and ERA-40 re-analyses. Water Resour Manag 20(6):899\u2013915. doi: 10.1007\/s11269-005-9013-z","journal-title":"Water Resour Manag"},{"issue":"1","key":"707_CR6","first-page":"137","volume":"31","author":"S Che","year":"2010","unstructured":"Che S, Li C, Shen S (2010) Analysis of drought-flood spatial\u2013temporal characteristics based on standard precipitation index in Hebei Province. Chin J Agrometeorol 31(1):137\u2013143 (in Chinese)","journal-title":"Chin J Agrometeorol"},{"key":"707_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1002\/wcc.81","volume":"2","author":"A Dai","year":"2010","unstructured":"Dai A (2010) Drought under global warming: a review. WIREs Clim Chang 2:45\u201365. doi: 10.1002\/wcc.81","journal-title":"WIREs Clim Chang"},{"key":"707_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D12115","DOI":"10.1029\/2010JD015541","volume":"116","author":"A Dai","year":"2011","unstructured":"Dai A (2011) Characteristics and trends in various forms of the Palmer Drought Severity Index during 1900\u20132008. J Geophys Res 116:D12115. doi: 10.1029\/2010JD015541","journal-title":"J Geophys Res"},{"key":"707_CR9","unstructured":"Ding Y, Hayes MJ, Widhalm M (2010) Measuring economic impacts of drought: a review and discussion. Papers in Natural Resources. Paper 196. http:\/\/digitalcommons.unl.edu\/natrespapers\/196"},{"key":"707_CR10","unstructured":"Food and Agriculture Organization (1983) Guidelines: land evaluation for rainfed agriculture. FAO Soils Bulletin 52, Rome"},{"issue":"3","key":"707_CR11","first-page":"141","volume":"20","author":"P Feng","year":"2000","unstructured":"Feng P, Zhong X, Zhang B (2000) A drought degree evaluation method based on the artificial neural network. Syst Eng Theory Pract 20(3):141\u2013144 (in Chinese)","journal-title":"Syst Eng Theory Pract"},{"key":"707_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jag.2010.12.002","volume":"13","author":"T Gebrehiwot","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gebrehiwot T, Veen AVD, Maathuis B (2011) Spatial and temporal assessment of drought in the Northern highlands of Ethiopia. Int J Appl Earth Obs Geoinf 13:309\u2013321","journal-title":"Int J Appl Earth Obs Geoinf"},{"issue":"2","key":"707_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isprsjprs.2007.03.002","volume":"62","author":"A Ghulam","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ghulam A, Qin Q (2007) Modified perpendicular drought index (MPDI): a real-time drought monitoring method. ISPRS J Photogramm Remote Sens 62(2):150\u2013164","journal-title":"ISPRS J Photogramm Remote Sens"},{"key":"707_CR14","unstructured":"Glantz MH (2003) Usable science: early warning systems: do\u2019s and don\u2019ts. Report of workshop, 20\u201323 October, Shangai, China"},{"key":"707_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gregoric G, Su\u0161nik A (2010) Drought Management Centre for South Eastern Europe. In: Global environmental change: challenges to science and society in southeastern Europe. doi: 10.1007\/978-90-481-8695-2_20 . Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2010 and published in International Conference \u201cGlobal Environmental Change: Challenges for Science and Society in South-Eastern Europe\u201d held 19\u201321 May 2008","DOI":"10.1007\/978-90-481-8695-2_20"},{"key":"707_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gumbel EJ (1963) Statistical Forecast of Droughts. Bull Int Assoc Sci Hydrol 8(1):5\u201323","DOI":"10.1080\/02626666309493293"},{"key":"707_CR17","unstructured":"Hadish L (2010) Drought risk assessment using remote sensing and GIS: a case study in southern zones, Tigray Region, Ethiopia. Msc., Thesis Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia"},{"key":"707_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1398","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcm.2009.10.031","volume":"51","author":"P Han","year":"2010","unstructured":"Han P, Wang PX, Zhang SY, Zhu DH (2010) Drought forecasting based on the remote sensing data using ARIMA models. Math Comput Model 51:1398\u20131403","journal-title":"Math Comput Model"},{"key":"707_CR19","unstructured":"Hayes MJ (2012) Drought indices, National Drought Mitigation Center ( http:\/\/www.drought.unl.edu\/whatis\/indices.htm ). With modifications by Dev Niyogi and Umarporn Charusambot, Indiana State Climate Office, Purdue University ( http:\/\/iclimate.org\/2.2.2012 )."},{"key":"707_CR20","unstructured":"Hennessy K, Fawcett R, Kirono D, Mpelasoka F, Jonesb D, Bathols J, Whetton P, Stafford Smith M, Howden M, Mitchell C, Plummer N (2008) An assessment of the impact of climate change on the nature and frequency of exceptional climatic events. Report by Climate and Ocean Services Bureau of Meteorology, CSIRO Climate Adaptation Flagship and Drought Policy Review Climate Change Division Department of Agriculture Fisheries and Forestry, Australian"},{"key":"707_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-1694(03)00233-6","volume":"281","author":"H Hisdal","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hisdal H, Tallaksena L (2003) Estimation of regional meteorological and hydrological drought characteristics: a case study for Denmark. J Hydrol 281:230\u2013247","journal-title":"J Hydrol"},{"issue":"6","key":"707_CR22","first-page":"692","volume":"18","author":"Z Huo","year":"2003","unstructured":"Huo Z, Li S, Wang S et al (2003) Study on the major agriculture meteorological disaster risk assessment. J Nat Disasters 18(6):692\u2013702 (in Chinese)","journal-title":"J Nat Disasters"},{"key":"707_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1007\/s11069-009-9493-x","volume":"54","author":"SK Jain","year":"2010","unstructured":"Jain SK, Keshri R, Goswami A, Sarkar A (2010) Application of meteorological and vegetation indices for evaluation of drought impact: a case study for Rajasthan, India. Nat Hazards 54:643\u2013656. doi: 10.1007\/s11069-009-9493-x , Springer Science + Business Media B.V","journal-title":"Nat Hazards"},{"key":"707_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.3390\/w3030787","volume":"3","author":"CA Karavitis","year":"2011","unstructured":"Karavitis CA, Alexandris S, Tsesmelis DE, Athanasopoulos G (2011) Application of the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) in Greece. Water J 3:787\u2013805. doi: 10.3390\/w3030787","journal-title":"Water J"},{"key":"707_CR25","unstructured":"Kenny P (2008) Assessment of the social impacts of drought and government and non-government social support services. Issues Paper. http:\/\/www.daff.gov.au\/__data\/assets\/pdf_file\/0004\/710644\/social_panels_isues_paper.pdf"},{"key":"707_CR26","volume-title":"Applied hydrology","author":"RK Linsely Jr","year":"1959","unstructured":"Linsely RK Jr, Kohler MA, Paulhus JLH (1959) Applied hydrology. McGraw Hill, New York"},{"key":"707_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1007\/s00704-005-0227-z","volume":"89","author":"I Livada","year":"2007","unstructured":"Livada I, Assimakopoulos VD (2007) Spatial and temporal analysis of drought in Greece using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI). Theor Appl Climatol 89:143\u2013153. doi: 10.1007\/s00704-005-0227-z , Printed in The Netherlands","journal-title":"Theor Appl Climatol"},{"key":"707_CR28","unstructured":"Mastrangelo AM, Mazzucotelli E, Guerra D, De Vita P, Cattivelli L (2012) Improvement of drought resistance in crops: from conventional breeding to genomic selection. In: Venkateswarlu et al (eds) Crop stress and its management: perspectives and strategies. Springer Science + Business Media B.V. doi: 10.1007\/978-94-007-2220-0-7"},{"key":"707_CR29","unstructured":"McKee TB, Doesken NJ, Kleist J (1993) The relationship of drought frequency and duration to time scales. Preprints, 8th Conference on Applied Climatology, 17\u201322 January, Anaheim, CA, pp. 179\u2013184"},{"key":"707_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2010.07.012","volume":"391","author":"AK Mishra","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mishra AK, Singh VP (2010) A review of drought concepts. J Hydrol 391:202\u2013216","journal-title":"J Hydrol"},{"key":"707_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2011.03.049","volume":"403","author":"AK Mishra","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mishra AK, Singh VP (2011) Drought modeling\u2014a review. J Hydrol 403:157\u2013175","journal-title":"J Hydrol"},{"key":"707_CR32","unstructured":"MWD (Mediterranean Water Scarcity and Drought Working Group) (2007) Mediterranean Water Scarcity and Drought Report. Technical report-009. http:\/\/www.emwis.net\/topics\/WaterScarcity\/PDF\/MedWSD_FINAL_Edition"},{"key":"707_CR33","unstructured":"Nagarajan R (2009) Drought assessment. Capital Publishing Company, co-published by Springer Science + Business"},{"key":"707_CR34","first-page":"160","volume":"2010","author":"R Nagarajan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Nagarajan R (2010) Drought assessment. Earth Environ Sci 2010:160\u2013204. doi: 10.1007\/978-90-481-2500-5_5 , Springer Science+Business","journal-title":"Earth Environ Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"707_CR35","first-page":"705","volume":"16","author":"S Ni","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ni S, Gu Y (2005) Study on frangibility zoning of agricultural drought in China. Adv Water Sci 16(5):705\u2013709 (in Chinese)","journal-title":"Adv Water Sci"},{"key":"707_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.4236\/jwarp.2011.35041","volume":"3","author":"MA Owrangi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Owrangi MA, Adamowski J, Rahnemaei M, Mohammadzadeh A, Sharifan RA (2011) Drought monitoring methodology based on AVHRR images and SPOT vegetation maps. J Water Resour Prot 3:325\u2013334","journal-title":"J Water Resour Prot"},{"key":"707_CR37","unstructured":"Palmer WC (1965) Meteorological drought. US Department of Commerce, Weather Bureau, Research Paper No. 45, p. 58"},{"key":"707_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1080\/00431672.1968.9932814","volume":"21","author":"WC Palmer","year":"1968","unstructured":"Palmer WC (1968) Keeping track of crop moisture conditions, nationwide: the new crop moisture index. Weatherwise 21:156\u2013161","journal-title":"Weatherwise"},{"key":"707_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1007\/s00704-008-0061-1","volume":"97","author":"C Paltineanu","year":"2009","unstructured":"Paltineanu C, Mihailescu IF, Prefac Z, Dragota C, Vasenciuc F, Claudia N (2009) Combining the standardized precipitation index and climatic water deficit in characterizing droughts: a case study in Romania. Theor Appl Climatol 97:219\u2013233","journal-title":"Theor Appl Climatol"},{"key":"707_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2009.11.015","volume":"150","author":"SM Quiring","year":"2010","unstructured":"Quiring SM, Ganesh S (2010) Evaluating the utility of the Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) for monitoring meteorological drought in Texas. Agric For Meteorol 150:330\u2013339","journal-title":"Agric For Meteorol"},{"key":"707_CR41","unstructured":"Quiring S, Nielsen-Gammon JW, Srinivasan R, Miller T, Narasimhan B (2007) Drought Monitoring Index for Texas. Final Technical Report submitted by the Texas A&M Research Foundation (RF- 468511) to the Texas Water Development Board on behalf of the project investigators (June 30, 2007)"},{"key":"707_CR42","unstructured":"Schneider SH (1996) Encyclopedia of climate and weather. Oxford University Press, New York"},{"key":"707_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1625","DOI":"10.1175\/BAMS-88-10-1625","volume":"88","author":"S Schubert","year":"2007","unstructured":"Schubert S, Koster R, Hoerling M (2007) Predicting drought on seasonal-to-decadal time scales. Bull Am Meteorol Soc 88:1625\u20131630","journal-title":"Bull Am Meteorol Soc"},{"key":"707_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1007\/s11069-007-9191-5","volume":"46","author":"S Shahid","year":"2008","unstructured":"Shahid S, Behrawan H (2008) Drought risk assessment in the western part of Bangladesh. Nat Hazards J 46:391\u2013413. doi: 10.1007\/s11069-007-9191-5 , Springer Science + Business Media B.V","journal-title":"Nat Hazards J"},{"issue":"22","key":"707_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4393","DOI":"10.1080\/0143116031000084323","volume":"24","author":"RP Singh","year":"2003","unstructured":"Singh RP, Roy S, Kogan F (2003) Vegetation and temperature condition indices from NOAAAVHRR data for drought monitoring over India. Int J Remote Sens 24(22):4393\u20134402","journal-title":"Int J Remote Sens"},{"key":"707_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tao J, Zhongfa Z, Shui C (2011) Drought monitoring and analyzing on typical karst ecological fragile area based on GIS. Procedia Environ Sci 10:2091\u20132096. Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection. doi: 10.1016\/j.proenv.2011.09.326 . Available online at www.sciencedirect.com","DOI":"10.1016\/j.proenv.2011.09.326"},{"key":"707_CR47","unstructured":"UN Secretariat General (1994) United Nations convention to combat drought and desertification in countries experiencing serious droughts and\/or desertification, particularly in Africa. Paris"},{"issue":"4","key":"707_CR48","first-page":"527","volume":"18","author":"PX Wang","year":"2003","unstructured":"Wang PX, Wan ZM, Gong JY, Li XW, Wang JD (2003) Advances in drought monitoring by using remotely sensed normalized difference vegetation index and land surface temperature products. Adv Earth Sci 18(4):527\u2013533 (in Chinese and cited from Han et al. 2010)","journal-title":"Adv Earth Sci"},{"key":"707_CR49","first-page":"3","volume-title":"Droughts: a global assessment","author":"DA Wilhite","year":"2000","unstructured":"Wilhite DA (2000) Drought as a natural hazard: concepts and definitions. In: Wilhite DA (ed) Droughts: a global assessment. Routledge, London, pp 3\u201318"},{"key":"707_CR50","unstructured":"Wilhite DA, Buchanan-Smith M (2005) Drought as hazard: understanding the natural and social context. In: Wilhite DA (ed) Drought and water crises: science, technology, and management issues. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, Florida, pp 3\u201329"},{"key":"707_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1080\/02508068508686328","volume":"10","author":"DA Wilhite","year":"1985","unstructured":"Wilhite DA, Glantz MH (1985) Understanding the drought phenomenon: the role of definitions. Water Int 10:111\u2013120","journal-title":"Water Int"},{"key":"707_CR52","first-page":"11","volume-title":"Planning of drought: towards a reduction of societal vulnerability","author":"DA Wilhite","year":"1987","unstructured":"Wilhite DA, Glantz MH (1987) Understanding the drought phenomena: the role of definitions. In: Wilhite DA, Easterling WE, Deobarah A (eds) Planning of drought: towards a reduction of societal vulnerability. Westview Press, Wood, pp 11\u201327"},{"issue":"1","key":"707_CR53","first-page":"109","volume":"6","author":"W Wipulanusat","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wipulanusat W, Nakrod S, Prabnarong P (2009) Multi-hazard risk assessment using GIS and RS applications: a case study of Pak Phanang Basin. Walailak J Sci Tech 6(1):109\u2013125","journal-title":"Walailak J Sci Tech"},{"key":"707_CR54","unstructured":"World Meteorological Organization (WMO) (1986) Report on drought and countries affected by drought during 1974\u20131985. WMO, Geneva, p. 118"},{"key":"707_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1007\/s11069-010-9591-9","volume":"56","author":"J Wu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wu J, He B, Lu A, Zhou L, Liu M, Zhao L (2011) Quantitative assessment and spatial characteristics analysis of agricultural drought vulnerability in China. Nat Hazards 56:785\u2013801","journal-title":"Nat Hazards"},{"key":"707_CR56","unstructured":"Yevjevich VM (1967) An objective approach to definitions and investigations of continental hydrologic droughts. Hydrologic Paper 23. Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO"},{"issue":"2","key":"707_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1007\/s11769-011-0456-2","volume":"21","author":"D Zhang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zhang D, Wang G, Zhou H (2011a) Assessment on agricultural drought risk based on variable fuzzy sets model. Chin Geogr Sci 21(2):167\u2013175","journal-title":"Chin Geogr Sci"},{"key":"707_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1847","DOI":"10.1016\/j.proenv.2011.09.289","volume":"10","author":"X-P Zhang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zhang X-P, Rong-Fang L, Sheng L, Quna F, Xiao-Xiao W (2011b) The study of dynamic monitor of rice drought in Jiangxi Province with remote sensing. Procedia Environ Sci 10:1847\u20131853","journal-title":"Procedia Environ Sci"},{"key":"707_CR59","volume-title":"Evaluation index system of regional drought and drought strategy","author":"F Zhou","year":"2005","unstructured":"Zhou F (2005) Evaluation index system of regional drought and drought strategy. Shandong University, Jinan"}],"container-title":["Arabian Journal of Geosciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12517-012-0707-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12517-012-0707-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12517-012-0707-2","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,4]],"date-time":"2019-07-04T22:36:52Z","timestamp":1562279812000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12517-012-0707-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,30]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]}},"alternative-id":["707"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12517-012-0707-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1866-7511","1866-7538"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1866-7511","type":"print"},{"value":"1866-7538","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,30]]}}}