{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T03:28:55Z","timestamp":1777865335708,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,1]],"date-time":"2009-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1257033600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["World J Pediatr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,11]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12519-009-0050-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,11]],"date-time":"2009-11-11T21:42:56Z","timestamp":1257975776000},"page":"265-268","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Vitiligo in children"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Talia","family":"Kakourou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"50_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(98)70194-X","volume":"38","author":"S.O. Kovacs","year":"1998","unstructured":"Kovacs SO. Vitiligo. J Am Acad Dermatol 1998;38:647\u2013666.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"50_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1470.2003.20304.x","volume":"20","author":"S. Handa","year":"2003","unstructured":"Handa S, Dogra S. Epidemiology of childhood vitiligo: a study of 625 patients from North India. Pediatr Dermatol 2003;20:207\u2013210.","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol"},{"key":"50_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.2165\/00128071-200102030-00006","volume":"2","author":"M.D. Njoo","year":"2001","unstructured":"Njoo MD, Westerhof W. Vitiligo. Pathogenesis and treatment. Am J Clin Dermatol 2001;2:167\u2013181.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Dermatol"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"50_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2005.10.001","volume":"25","author":"T. Passeron","year":"2005","unstructured":"Passeron T, Ortonne JP. Physiopathology and genetics of vitiligo. J Autoimmun 2005;25Suppl:63\u201368.","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"key":"50_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0749.2006.00333.x","volume":"19","author":"M.L. Dell\u2019anna","year":"2006","unstructured":"Dell\u2019anna ML, Picardo M. A review and a new hypothesis for non-immunological pathogenetic mechanisms in vitiligo. Pigment Cell Res 2006;19:406\u2013411.","journal-title":"Pigment Cell Res"},{"key":"50_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2005.03.032","volume":"53","author":"T. Kakourou","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kakourou T, Kanaka-Gantenbein C, Papadopoulou A, Kaloumenou E, Chrousos GP. Increased prevalence of chronic autoimmune (Hashimoto\u2019s) thyroiditis in children and adolescents with vitiligo. J Am Acad Dermatol 2005;53:220\u2013223.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"50_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(96)90691-X","volume":"35","author":"L.A. Drake","year":"1996","unstructured":"Drake LA, Dinehart SM, Farmer ER, Goltz RW, Graham GF, Hordinsky MK, et al. Guidelines of care for vitiligo. American Academy of Dermatology. J Am Acad Dermatol 1996;35:620\u2013626.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"50_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2230.2005.01837.x","volume":"30","author":"A.J. Kanwar","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kanwar AJ. Dogra S. Narrow-band UVB for the treatment of generalized vitiligo in children. Clin Exp Dermatol 2005;30:332\u2013336.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"50_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(00)90133-6","volume":"42","author":"M.D. Njoo","year":"2000","unstructured":"Njoo MD, Bos JD, Westerhof W. Treatment of generalized vitiligo in children with narrow-band (TL-01) UVB radiation therapy. J Am Acad Dermatol 2000;42:245\u2013253.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"50_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-4362.1999.00822.x","volume":"38","author":"M.D. Njoo","year":"1999","unstructured":"Njoo MD, Bossuyt PM, Westerhof W. Management of vitiligo. Results of a questionnaire among dermatologists in The Netherlands. Int J Dermatolol 1999;38:866\u2013872.","journal-title":"Int J Dermatolol"},{"key":"50_CR11","first-page":"177","volume":"14","author":"K. Ongenae","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ongenae K, Van Geel N, De Schepper S, Vander Haeghen Y, Naeyaert JM. Management of vitiligo patients and attitude of dermatologists towards vitiligo. Eur J Dermatol 2004;14:177\u2013181.","journal-title":"Eur J Dermatol"},{"key":"50_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1470.2000.01749.x","volume":"17","author":"S. Cho","year":"2000","unstructured":"Cho S, Kang HC, Hahm J. Characteristics of vitiligo in Korean Children. Pediatr Dermatol 2000;17:189\u2013193.","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol"},{"key":"50_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2006.08.017","volume":"56","author":"J. Kwinter","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kwinter J, Pelletier J, Khambalia A, Pope E. High-potency steroid use in children with vitiligo: a retrospective study. J Am Acad Dermatol 2007;56:236\u2013241.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"50_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2002.126250","volume":"47","author":"P.E. Grimes","year":"2002","unstructured":"Grimes PE, Soriano T, Dytoc MT. Topical tacrolimus for repigmentation of vitiligo. J Am Acad Dermatol 2002;47:789\u2013791.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"50_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.139.5.581","volume":"139","author":"V. Lepe","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lepe V, Moncada B, Castanedo-Cazares JP, Torres-Alvarez MB, Ortiz CA, Torres-Rubalcava AB. A double-blind randomized trial of 0.1% tacrolimus vs 0.05% clobetasol for the treatment of childhood vitiligo. Arch Dermatol 2003;139:581\u2013585.","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"50_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.05.036","volume":"51","author":"N. Silverberg","year":"2004","unstructured":"Silverberg N, Lin P, Travis L, Farley-Li J, Mancini AJ, Wagner AM, et al. Tacrolimus ointment promotes repigmentation of vitiligo in children: a review of 57 cases. J Am Acad Dermatol 2004;51:760\u2013766.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"50_CR17","first-page":"88","volume":"15","author":"B. Coskun","year":"2005","unstructured":"Coskun B, Saral Y, Turgut D. Topical 0.05% clobetasol propionate versus 1% pimecrolimus ointment in vitiligo. Eur J Dermatol 2005;15:88\u201391.","journal-title":"Eur J Dermatol"},{"key":"50_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1346-8138.2008.00511.x","volume":"35","author":"C.W. Choi","year":"2008","unstructured":"Choi CW, Chang SE, Bak H, Choi JH, Park HS, Huh CH, et al. Topical immunomodulators are effective for treatment of vitiligo. J Dermatol 2008;35:503\u2013507.","journal-title":"J Dermatol"},{"key":"50_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1470.1999.00083.x","volume":"16","author":"D. Parsad","year":"1999","unstructured":"Parsad D, Saini R, Nagpal R. Calcipotriol in vitiligo: a preliminary study. Pediatr Dermatol 1999;16:317\u2013320.","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol"},{"key":"50_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2230.2005.02037.x","volume":"31","author":"G. Leone","year":"2006","unstructured":"Leone G, Pacifico A, Iacovelli P, Paro Vidolin A, Picardo M. Tacalcitol and narrow-band phototherapy in patients with vitiligo. Clin Exp Dermatol 2006;31:200\u2013205.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"50_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1470.2008.00648.x","volume":"25","author":"H. Amano","year":"2008","unstructured":"Amano H, Abe M, Ishikawa O. First case report of topical tacalcitol for vitiligo repigmentation. Pediatr Dermatol 2008;25:262\u2013264.","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol"},{"key":"50_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0736-8046.2004.21418.x","volume":"21","author":"L. Travis","year":"2004","unstructured":"Travis L, Silverberg N. Calcipotriene and corticosteroid combination therapy for vitiligo. Pediatr Dermatol 2004;21:495\u2013498.","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol"},{"key":"50_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1470.2005.22319.x","volume":"22","author":"V. Brazzelli","year":"2005","unstructured":"Brazzelli V, Prestinari F, Castello M, Bellani E, Roveda E, Barbagallo T, et al. Useful treatment of vitiligo in 10 children with UV-B narrowband (311 nm). Pediatr Dermatol 2005;22:257\u2013261.","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol"},{"key":"50_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.4103\/0378-6323.48662","volume":"75","author":"Y.H. Kishan Kumar","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kishan Kumar YH, Rao GR, Gopal KV, Shanti G, Rao KV. Evaluation of narrow-band UVB phototherapy in 150 patients with vitiligo. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2009;75:162\u2013166.","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol"},{"key":"50_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2230.2004.01477.x","volume":"29","author":"M. Esposito","year":"2004","unstructured":"Esposito M, Soda R, Costanzo A, Chimenti S. Treatment of vitiligo with the 308 nm excimer laser. Clin Exp Dermatol 2004;29:133\u2013137.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"50_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2004.06321.x","volume":"152","author":"A. Hofer","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hofer A, Hassan AS, Legat FJ, Kerl H, Wolf P. Optimal weekly frequency of 308-nm excimer laser treatment in vitiligo patients. Br J Dermatol 2005;152:981\u2013985.","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"50_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2007.02518.x","volume":"22","author":"L. Xiang","year":"2008","unstructured":"Xiang L. Once-weekly treatment of vitiligo with monochromatic excimer light 308 nm in Chinese patients. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2008;22:899\u2013900.","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"50_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1470.1996.tb00713.x","volume":"13","author":"D.J. Atherton","year":"1996","unstructured":"Atherton DJ, Cohen BL, Knobler E, Garzon M, Morelli JG, Tay YK, et al. Phototherapy for children. Pediatr Dermatol 1996;13:415\u2013422.","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol"},{"key":"50_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1080\/00015550410022203","volume":"85","author":"A.L. Caron-Schreinemachers","year":"2005","unstructured":"Caron-Schreinemachers AL, Kingswijk MM, Bos JD, Westerhof W. UVB 311 nm tolerance of vitiligo skin increases with skin photo type. Acta Derm Venereol 2005;85:24\u201326.","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"50_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2008.03660.x","volume":"47","author":"K.U. Schallreuter","year":"2008","unstructured":"Schallreuter KU, Kr\u00fcger C, W\u00fcrfel BA, Panske A, Wood JM. From basic research to the bedside: efficacy of topical treatment with pseudocatalase PC-KUS in 71 children with vitiligo. Int J Dermatol 2008;47:743\u2013753.","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"50_CR31","first-page":"163","volume":"73","author":"M. Silvan","year":"2004","unstructured":"Silvan M. The psychological aspects of vitiligo. Cutis 2004;73:163\u2013167.","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"key":"50_CR32","first-page":"407","volume":"135","author":"M.D. Njoo","year":"1999","unstructured":"Njoo MD, Das PK, Bos JD, Westerhof W. Association of the K\u00f6bner phenomenon with disease activity and therapeutic responsiveness in vitiligo vulgaris. Arch Dermatol 1999;135:407\u2013413.","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"}],"container-title":["World Journal of Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12519-009-0050-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12519-009-0050-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12519-009-0050-1","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,2]],"date-time":"2019-06-02T07:58:43Z","timestamp":1559462323000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12519-009-0050-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,11]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,11]]}},"alternative-id":["50"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12519-009-0050-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1708-8569","1867-0687"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1708-8569","type":"print"},{"value":"1867-0687","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,11]]}}}