{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,27]],"date-time":"2025-03-27T13:55:18Z","timestamp":1743083718912,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,7]],"date-time":"2021-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609977600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,7]],"date-time":"2021-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609977600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2016YFC1305301"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016YFC1305301"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81570759"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81570759"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Research Fund of Zhejiang Major Medical and Health Science and Technology & National Ministry of Health","award":["WKJ-ZJ-1804"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WKJ-ZJ-1804"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["World J Pediatr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12519-020-00382-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,7]],"date-time":"2021-01-07T13:04:53Z","timestamp":1610024693000},"page":"99-105","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Surrogate markers and predictors of endogenous insulin secretion in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4842-4203","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jin-Na","family":"Yuan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jian-Wei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6107-3682","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wayne S.","family":"Cutfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6389-5719","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guan-Ping","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"You-Jun","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8825-2215","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1605-4615","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ke","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiao-Chun","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bi-Hong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1226-1956","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 G. B.","family":"Derraik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6405-1251","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun-Fen","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"382_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1111\/1753-0407.12644","volume":"10","author":"AM Carracher","year":"2018","unstructured":"Carracher AM, Marathe PH, Close KL. International diabetes federation 2017. J Diabetes. 2018;10:353\u20136.","journal-title":"J Diabetes"},{"key":"382_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1007\/s12519-019-00254-2","volume":"15","author":"NN Zhao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhao NN, Dong GP, Wu W, Wang JL, Ullah R, Fu JF. FTO gene polymorphisms and obesity risk in Chinese population: a meta-analysis. World J Pediatr. 2019;15:382\u20139.","journal-title":"World J Pediatr"},{"key":"382_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1706291","volume":"377","author":"EJ Mayer-Davis","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mayer-Davis EJ, Dabelea D, Lawrence JM. Incidence trends of type 1 and type 2 diabetes among youths, 2002\u20132012. N Engl J Med. 2017;377:301.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"382_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2015.12.040","volume":"223","author":"X Zhao","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhao X, Birchall JC, Coulman SA, Tatovic D, Singh RK, Wen L, et al. Microneedle delivery of autoantigen for immunotherapy in type 1 diabetes. J Control Release. 2016;223:178\u201387.","journal-title":"J Control Release"},{"key":"382_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-0495(84)90128-8","volume":"33","author":"PR Bratusch-Marrain","year":"1984","unstructured":"Bratusch-Marrain PR, Waldhausl WK, Gasic S, Hofer A. Hepatic disposal of biosynthetic human insulin and porcine C-peptide in humans. Metabolism. 1984;33:151\u20137.","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"382_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1966","DOI":"10.2337\/dc07-2451","volume":"31","author":"CJ Greenbaum","year":"2008","unstructured":"Greenbaum CJ, Mandrup-Poulsen T, McGee PF, Battelino T, Haastert B, Ludvigsson J, et al. Mixed-meal tolerance test versus glucagon stimulation test for the assessment of beta-cell function in therapeutic trials in type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2008;31:1966\u201371.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"382_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1111\/pedi.12609","volume":"19","author":"JM Sosenko","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sosenko JM, Geyer S, Skyler JS, Rafkin LE, Ismail HM, Libman IM, et al. The influence of body mass index and age on C-peptide at the diagnosis of type 1 diabetes in children who participated in the diabetes prevention trial-type 1. Pediatr Diabetes. 2018;19:403\u20139.","journal-title":"Pediatr Diabetes"},{"key":"382_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.2337\/dc14-1952","volume":"38","author":"AK Davis","year":"2015","unstructured":"Davis AK, DuBose SN, Haller MJ, Miller KM, DiMeglio LA, Bethin KE, et al. Prevalence of detectable C-peptide according to age at diagnosis and duration of type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2015;38:476\u201381.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"382_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9136(199810)15:10<844::AID-DIA679>3.0.CO;2-A","volume":"15","author":"R Bonfanti","year":"1998","unstructured":"Bonfanti R, Bazzigaluppi E, Calori G, Riva MC, Viscardi M, Bognetti E, et al. Parameters associated with residual insulin secretion during the first year of disease in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Diabet Med. 1998;15:844\u201350.","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"key":"382_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.26.3.832","volume":"26","author":"MW Steffes","year":"2003","unstructured":"Steffes MW, Sibley S, Jackson M, Thomas W. Beta-cell function and the development of diabetes-related complications in the diabetes control and complications trial. Diabetes Care. 2003;26:832\u20136.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"382_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1318","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa061267","volume":"355","author":"AM Shapiro","year":"2006","unstructured":"Shapiro AM, Ricordi C, Hering BJ, Auchincloss H, Lindblad R, Robertson RP, et al. International trial of the Edmonton protocol for islet transplantation. N Engl J Med. 2006;355:1318\u201330.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"382_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.4093\/dmj.2018.42.1.3","volume":"42","author":"A Iqbal","year":"2018","unstructured":"Iqbal A, Novodvorsky P, Heller SR. Recent updates on type 1 diabetes mellitus management for clinicians. Diabetes Metab J. 2018;42:3\u201318.","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab J"},{"key":"382_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.53.1.250","volume":"53","author":"JP Palmer","year":"2004","unstructured":"Palmer JP, Fleming GA, Greenbaum CJ, Herold KC, Jansa LD, Kolb H, et al. C-peptide is the appropriate outcome measure for type 1 diabetes clinical trials to preserve beta-cell function: report of an ADA workshop, 21\u201322 October 2001. Diabetes. 2004;53:250\u201364.","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"382_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3350","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2018-00500","volume":"103","author":"RH Willemsen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Willemsen RH, Burling K, Barker P, Ackland F, Dias RP, Edge J, et al. Frequent monitoring of C-peptide levels in newly diagnosed type 1 subjects using dried blood spots collected at home. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2018;103:3350\u20138.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"382_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.2337\/dc10-2114","volume":"34","author":"RE Besser","year":"2011","unstructured":"Besser RE, Ludvigsson J, Jones AG, McDonald TJ, Shields BM, Knight BA, et al. Urine C-peptide creatinine ratio is a noninvasive alternative to the mixed-meal tolerance test in children and adults with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2011;34:607\u20139.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"382_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-65-1-30","volume":"65","author":"The DCCT Research Group","year":"1987","unstructured":"The DCCT Research Group. Effects of age, duration and treatment of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus on residual beta-cell function: observations during eligibility testing for the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT). J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1987;65:30\u20136.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"382_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-128-7-199804010-00001","volume":"128","author":"The DCCT Research Group","year":"1998","unstructured":"The DCCT Research Group. Effect of intensive therapy on residual beta-cell function in patients with type 1 diabetes in the diabetes control and complications trial. A randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med. 1998;128:517\u201323.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"382_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.2337\/dc12-0836","volume":"36","author":"RE Besser","year":"2013","unstructured":"Besser RE, Shields BM, Casas R, Hattersley AT, Ludvigsson J. Lessons from the mixed-meal tolerance test: use of 90-minute and fasting C-peptide in pediatric diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2013;36:195\u2013201.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"382_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1346","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.12850","volume":"32","author":"WM Kuhtreiber","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kuhtreiber WM, Washer SL, Hsu E, Zhao M, Reinhold P 3rd, Burger D, et al. Low levels of C-peptide have clinical significance for established type 1 diabetes. Diabet Med. 2015;32:1346\u201353.","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"key":"382_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1080\/10408363.2017.1299684","volume":"54","author":"S Yazdanpanah","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yazdanpanah S, Rabiee M, Tahriri M, Abdolrahim M, Rajab A, Jazayeri HE, et al. Evaluation of glycated albumin (GA) and GA\/HbA1c ratio for diagnosis of diabetes and glycemic control: a comprehensive review. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci. 2017;54:219\u201332.","journal-title":"Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci"},{"key":"382_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1034","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2011.03272.x","volume":"28","author":"AG Jones","year":"2011","unstructured":"Jones AG, Besser RE, McDonald TJ, Shields BM, Hope SV, Bowman P, et al. Urine C-peptide creatinine ratio is an alternative to stimulated serum C-peptide measurement in late-onset, insulin-treated diabetes. Diabet Med. 2011;28:1034\u20138.","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"key":"382_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1559","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.13095","volume":"33","author":"P Ambery","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ambery P, Donaldson J, Parkin J, Austin DJ. Urinary C-peptide analysis in an intervention study: experience from the DEFEND-2 otelixizumab trial. Diabet Med. 2016;33:1559\u2013633.","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"key":"382_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.28.2.312","volume":"28","author":"G Bruno","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bruno G, Cerutti F, Merletti F, Cavallo-Perin P, Gandolfo E, Rivetti M, et al. Residual beta-cell function and male\/female ratio are higher in incident young adults than in children: the registry of type 1 diabetes of the province of Turin, Italy, 1984\u20132000. Diabetes Care. 2005;28:312\u20137.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"382_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-954586","volume":"38","author":"A Picardi","year":"2006","unstructured":"Picardi A, Visalli N, Lauria A, Suraci C, Buzzetti R, Merola MK, et al. Metabolic factors affecting residual beta cell function assessed by C-peptide secretion in patients with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes. Horm Metab Res. 2006;38:668\u201372.","journal-title":"Horm Metab Res"},{"key":"382_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3359","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-012-2719-6","volume":"55","author":"D Dabelea","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dabelea D, Mayer-Davis EJ, Andrews JS, Dolan LM, Pihoker C, Hamman RF, et al. Clinical evolution of beta cell function in youth with diabetes: the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth study. Diabetologia. 2012;55:3359\u201368.","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"382_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.943","volume":"25","author":"JP Palmer","year":"2009","unstructured":"Palmer JP. C-peptide in the natural history of type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2009;25:325\u20138.","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Res Rev"},{"key":"382_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1111\/1753-0407.12376","volume":"8","author":"X Li","year":"2016","unstructured":"Li X, Cheng J, Zhou Z. Revisiting multiple models of progression of \u03b2-cell loss of function in type 1 diabetes: significance for prevention and cure. J Diabetes. 2016;8:460\u20139.","journal-title":"J Diabetes"}],"container-title":["World Journal of Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12519-020-00382-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12519-020-00382-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12519-020-00382-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,21]],"date-time":"2021-02-21T07:08:26Z","timestamp":1613891306000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12519-020-00382-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,7]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]}},"alternative-id":["382"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12519-020-00382-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1708-8569","1867-0687"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1708-8569"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1867-0687"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 May 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 July 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 January 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of the Children\u2019s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine (No. 2020-IRB-034), and informed consent was obtained from a parent and\/or legal guardian of the patients. All of the reported investigations were performed in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"This was an investigator-initiated study. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of this manuscript. The authors have no financial or non-financial conflicts of interest to disclose that may be relevant to this work.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}