{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T15:05:28Z","timestamp":1787238328283,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Science and Technology Plan of Hangzhou","award":["20180533B68"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20180533B68"]}]},{"name":"Agriculture and Social development Plan of Hangzhou","award":["20190101A09"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20190101A09"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017594","name":"Medical Science and Technology Project of Zhejiang Province","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2020KY732"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020KY732"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017594","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017594","name":"Medical Science and Technology Project of Zhejiang Province","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2019KY513"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019KY513"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017594","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["World J Pediatr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To describe sonographic characteristics of cervical tuberculous lymphadenitis (CTBL) in children, clinical information, and sonograms of 348 lymph nodes (LNs) from 57 children with CTBL were retrospectively analyzed in this study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data and sonograms of 348 LNs from 31 boys and 26 girls with CTBL, who were confirmed by pathology or laboratory examination, at the Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital between June 2014 and December 2020. The age of the children ranged from 1 to 14\u00a0years (average 7.1\u2009\u00b1\u20092.9\u00a0years).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Night sweats, fatigue and loss of appetite were the most common clinical symptoms observed in children with CTBL. Unilateral LN involvements were common. Occasionally, CTBL was found in healthy children with no symptoms. On sonography, the hilus was absent or unclear in all LNs. The short-to-long axis (S\/L) ratio was\u2009\u2265\u20090.5, and the edges were unclear in most LNs. Other accompanying findings included necrosis (47.4%), an echogenic thin layer (36.8%), surrounding soft-tissue edema (38.5%), multiple intra-nodal strong echo (28.2%), sinus (22.7%) and abscess formation (6.9%). The Doppler ultrasound showed that the majority of vascularity patterns of CTBL were capsular or peripheral (33.3%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ultrasound is a recommended examination method for children from different age groups with cervical lymphadenitis. The ultrasonic signs of hilus absence, S\/L ratio\u2009\u2265\u20090.5, unclear edge, necrosis, echogenic thin layer, strong echoes and capsular or peripheral vascularity may aid in the diagnosis of cervical tuberculous lymphadenitis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12519-021-00453-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T14:02:56Z","timestamp":1630504976000},"page":"544-550","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Role of ultrasound in the diagnosis of cervical tuberculous lymphadenitis in children"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Tian-Zhuo","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen-Zhi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0759-3684","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gao\u2011Yi","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"453_CR1","volume-title":"World tuberculosis report 2020","author":"WHO","year":"2020","unstructured":"WHO. 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The study procedures conformed to the provisions in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"No financial or nonfinancial benefits have been received or will be received from any party related directly or indirectly to the subject of this article. The authors have no conflict of interest to declare.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (\n                      \n                      ), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Data availability"}}]}}