{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T17:17:42Z","timestamp":1783703862826,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,23]],"date-time":"2022-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655942400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,23]],"date-time":"2022-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655942400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences","award":["2019-I2M-5-026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019-I2M-5-026"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["World J Pediatr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We explored the differences in baseline characteristics, pathogens, complications, outcomes, and risk factors between children with hospital-acquired septic shock (HASS) and community-acquired septic shock (CASS) in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This retrospective study enrolled children with septic shock at the PICU of Beijing Children\u2019s Hospital from January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2019. The patients were followed up until 28\u00a0days after shock or death and were divided into the HASS and CASS group. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors for mortality.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A total of 298 children were enrolled. Among them, 65.9% (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200991) of HASS patients had hematologic\/oncologic diseases, mainly with Gram-negative bacterial bloodstream infections (47.3%). Additionally, 67.7% (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009207) of CASS patients had no obvious underlying disease, and most experienced Gram-positive bacterial infections (30.9%) of the respiratory or central nervous system. The 28-day mortality was 62.6% and 32.7% in the HASS and CASS groups, respectively (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Platelet [odds ratio (OR)\u2009=\u20090.996, 95% confidence interval (CI)\u2009=\u20090.992\u20131.000, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.028], positive pathogen detection (OR\u2009=\u20093.557, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.307\u20139.684, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.013), and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (OR\u2009=\u200910.953, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.974\u201360.775, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.006) were risk factors for 28-day mortality in HASS patients. Lactate (OR\u2009=\u20091.104, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.022\u20131.192, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.012) and mechanical ventilation (OR\u2009=\u20098.114, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.806\u201336.465, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.006) were risk factors for 28-day mortality in patients with CASS.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The underlying diseases, pathogens, complications, prognosis, and mortality rates varied widely between the HASS and CASS groups. The predictors of 28-day mortality were different between HASS and CASS pediatric patients with septic shock.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12519-022-00574-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,23]],"date-time":"2022-06-23T14:03:59Z","timestamp":1655993039000},"page":"734-745","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Comparison between hospital- and community-acquired septic shock in children: a single-center retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Guo-Yun","family":"Su","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao-Nan","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo-Liang","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zheng-De","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Su-Yun","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"574_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-019-05878-6","volume":"46","author":"SL Weiss","year":"2020","unstructured":"Weiss SL, Peters MJ, Alhazzani W, Agus MSD, Flori HR, Inwald DP, et al. Surviving sepsis campaign international guidelines for the management of septic shock and sepsis-associated organ dysfunction in children. Intensive Care Med. 2020;46:10\u201367.","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"574_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0000000000000247","volume":"15","author":"Y Wang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wang Y, Sun B, Yue H, Lin X, Li B, Yang X, et al. An epidemiologic survey of pediatric sepsis in regional hospitals in China. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2014;15:814\u201320.","journal-title":"Pediatr Crit Care Med"},{"key":"574_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(18)30063-8","volume":"6","author":"C Fleischmann-Struzek","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fleischmann-Struzek C, Goldfarb DM, Schlattmann P, Schlapbach LJ, Reinhart K, Kissoon N. The global burden of paediatric and neonatal sepsis: a systematic review. Lancet Respir Med. 2018;6:223\u201330.","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"574_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201412-2323OC","volume":"191","author":"SL Weiss","year":"2015","unstructured":"Weiss SL, Fitzgerald JC, Pappachan J, Wheeler D, Jaramillo-Bustamante JC, Salloo A, et al. Global epidemiology of pediatric severe sepsis: the sepsis prevalence, outcomes, and therapies study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2015;191:1147\u201357.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"574_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0000000000000225","volume":"15","author":"F Balamuth","year":"2014","unstructured":"Balamuth F, Weiss SL, Neuman MI, Scott H, Brady PW, Paul R, et al. Pediatric severe sepsis in U.S. children\u2019s hospitals. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2014;15:798\u2013805.","journal-title":"Pediatr Crit Care Med."},{"key":"574_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2018.4839","volume":"173","author":"B Tan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tan B, Wong JJ, Sultana R, Koh JCJW, Jit M, Mok YH, et al. Global case-fatality rates in pediatric severe sepsis and septic shock: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Pediatr. 2019;173:352\u201362.","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"key":"574_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.0287","volume":"315","author":"M Singer","year":"2016","unstructured":"Singer M, Deutschman CS, Seymour CW, Shankar-Hari M, Annane D, Bauer M, et al. The third international consensus definitions for sepsis and septic shock (Sepsis-3). JAMA. 2016;315:801\u201310.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"574_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000002960","volume":"40","author":"P Briassoulis","year":"2021","unstructured":"Briassoulis P, Briassoulis G, Christakou E, Machaira M, Kassimis A, Barbaressou C, et al. Active surveillance of healthcare-associated infections in pediatric intensive care units: multicenter ECDC HAI-net ICU protocol (v2.2) implementation, antimicrobial resistance and challenges. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2021;40:231\u20137.","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J."},{"key":"574_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-018-2052-7","volume":"22","author":"NP Boeddha","year":"2018","unstructured":"Boeddha NP, Schlapbach LJ, Driessen GJ, Herberg JA, Rivero-Calle I, Cebey-L\u00f3pez M, et al. Mortality and morbidity in community-acquired sepsis in European pediatric intensive care units: a prospective cohort study from the European Childhood Life-threatening Infectious Disease Study (EUCLIDS). Crit Care. 2018;22:143.","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"574_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1080\/20469047.2018.1529459","volume":"39","author":"IK Murni","year":"2019","unstructured":"Murni IK, Duke T, Daley AJ, Kinney S, Soenarto Y. Predictors of mortality in children with nosocomial bloodstream infection. Paediatr Int Child Health. 2019;39:119\u201323.","journal-title":"Paediatr Int Child Health"},{"key":"574_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1097\/01.inf.0000435502.36996.72","volume":"33","author":"D Vila P\u00e9rez","year":"2014","unstructured":"Vila P\u00e9rez D, Jordan I, Esteban E, Garc\u00eda-Soler P, Murga V, Bonil V, et al. Prognostic factors in pediatric sepsis study, from the Spanish Society of Pediatric Intensive Care. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2014;33:152\u20137.","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"574_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2018.05.048","volume":"201","author":"E Giannoni","year":"2018","unstructured":"Giannoni E, Agyeman PKA, Stocker M, Posfay-Barbe KM, Heininger U, Spycher BD, et al. Neonatal sepsis of early onset, and hospital-acquired and community-acquired late onset: a prospective population-based cohort study. J Pediatr. 2018;201:106-14.e4.","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"574_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2039","DOI":"10.1097\/CM9.0000000000000392","volume":"132","author":"HC Tian","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tian HC, Zhou JF, Weng L, Hu XY, Peng JM, Wang CY, et al. Epidemiology of Sepsis-3 in a sub-district of Beijing: secondary analysis of a population-based database. Chin Med J (Engl). 2019;132:2039\u201345.","journal-title":"Chin Med J (Engl)"},{"key":"574_CR14","unstructured":"Subspecialty Group of Emergency Medicine, the Society of Pediatrics, Chinese Medical Association; Subspecialty Group of Pediatrics, the Society of Emergency Medicine, Chinese Medical Association; Pediatric Emergency Medicine Physicians, Chinese Medical Doctor Association. Expert consensus for the diagnosis and management of septic shock (infectious shock) in children (2015). Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi. 2015;53:576\u201380 (in Chinese)."},{"key":"574_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-137-10-200211190-00007","volume":"137","author":"ND Friedman","year":"2002","unstructured":"Friedman ND, Kaye KS, Stout JE, McGarry SA, Trivette SL, Briggs JP, et al. Health care-associated bloodstream infections in adults: a reason to change the accepted definition of community-acquired infections. Ann Intern Med. 2002;137:791\u20137.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"574_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2011.03570.x","volume":"18","author":"AP Magiorakos","year":"2012","unstructured":"Magiorakos AP, Srinivasan A, Carey RB, Carmeli Y, Falagas ME, Giske CG, et al. Multidrug-resistant, extensively drug-resistant and pandrug-resistant bacteria: an international expert proposal for interim standard definitions for acquired resistance. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2012;18:268\u201381.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"574_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Goldstein B, Giroir B, Randolph A, International Consensus Conference on Pediatric Sepsis. International pediatric sepsis consensus conference: definitions for sepsis and organ dysfunction in pediatrics. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2005;6:2\u20138.","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PCC.0000149131.72248.E6"},{"key":"574_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cppeds.2013.10.003","volume":"43","author":"M Ram\u00edrez","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ram\u00edrez M. Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. Curr Probl Pediatr Adolesc Health Care. 2013;43:273\u20137.","journal-title":"Curr Probl Pediatr Adolesc Health Care"},{"key":"574_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2065","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-016-2806-8","volume":"95","author":"A Hall","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hall A, Lynagh M, Tzelepis F, Paul C, Bryant J. How can we help haematological cancer survivors cope with the changes they experience as a result of their cancer? Ann Hematol. 2016;95:2065\u201376.","journal-title":"Ann Hematol"},{"key":"574_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1177\/0885066618788019","volume":"34","author":"CC Battaglia","year":"2019","unstructured":"Battaglia CC, Hale K. Hospital-acquired infections in critically ill patients with cancer. J Intensive Care Med. 2019;34:523\u201336.","journal-title":"J Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"574_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-013-1819-7","volume":"32","author":"E Montassier","year":"2013","unstructured":"Montassier E, Batard E, Gastinne T, Potel G, de La Cocheti\u00e8re MF. Recent changes in bacteremia in patients with cancer: a systematic review of epidemiology and antibiotic resistance. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2013;32:841\u201350.","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"574_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.1093\/jpids\/pix046","volume":"6","author":"ZD Pana","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pana ZD, Roilides E, Warris A, Groll AH, Zaoutis T. Epidemiology of invasive fungal disease in children. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc. 2017;6(Suppl 1):S3-11.","journal-title":"J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc"},{"key":"574_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Westphal GA, Pereira AB, Fachin SM, Barreto ACC, Bornschein ACGJ, Caldeira Filho M, et al. Characteristics and outcomes of patients with community-acquired and hospital-acquired sepsis. Rev Bras Ter Intensiva. 2019;31:71\u20138 (in Portuguese, English).","DOI":"10.5935\/0103-507X.20190013"},{"key":"574_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2245","DOI":"10.1080\/10428194.2016.1193859","volume":"57","author":"TM Baker","year":"2016","unstructured":"Baker TM, Satlin MJ. The growing threat of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative infections in patients with hematologic malignancies. Leuk Lymphoma. 2016;57:2245\u201358.","journal-title":"Leuk Lymphoma"},{"key":"574_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2017.09.005","volume":"11","author":"R Matta","year":"2018","unstructured":"Matta R, Hallit S, Hallit R, Bawab W, Rogues AM, Salameh P. Epidemiology and microbiological profile comparison between community and hospital acquired infections: a multicenter retrospective study in Lebanon. J Infect Public Health. 2018;11:405\u201311.","journal-title":"J Infect Public Health"},{"key":"574_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.20344\/amp.208","volume":"26","author":"T Cardoso","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cardoso T, Ribeiro O, Arag\u00e3o I, Costa-Pereira A, Sarmento A. Differences in microbiological profile between community-acquired, healthcare-associated and hospital-acquired infections. Acta Med Port. 2013;26:377\u201384.","journal-title":"Acta Med Port"},{"key":"574_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-019-0673-5","volume":"8","author":"N Droz","year":"2019","unstructured":"Droz N, Hsia Y, Ellis S, Dramowski A, Sharland M, Basmaci R. Bacterial pathogens and resistance causing community acquired paediatric bloodstream infections in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 2019;8:207.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Resist Infect Control"},{"key":"574_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2015.05.024","volume":"37","author":"G Dabar","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dabar G, Harmouche C, Salameh P, Jaber BL, Jamaleddine G, Waked M, et al. Community- and healthcare-associated infections in critically ill patients: a multicenter cohort study. Int J Infect Dis. 2015;37:80\u20135.","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"574_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.13-2618","volume":"146","author":"V Tolsma","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tolsma V, Schwebel C, Azoulay E, Darmon M, Souweine B, Vesin A, et al. Sepsis severe or septic shock: outcome according to immune status and immunodeficiency profile. Chest. 2014;146:1205\u201313.","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"574_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2016.11.001","volume":"74","author":"C Adrie","year":"2017","unstructured":"Adrie C, Garrouste-Orgeas M, Ibn Essaied W, Schwebel C, Darmon M, Mourvillier B, et al. Attributable mortality of ICU-acquired bloodstream infections: Impact of the source, causative micro-organism, resistance profile and antimicrobial therapy. J Infect. 2017;74:131\u201341.","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"574_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.4103\/jpgm.JPGM_171_19","volume":"66","author":"S Shah","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shah S, Deshmukh CT, Tullu MS. The predictors of outcome and progression of pediatric sepsis and septic shock: a prospective observational study from western India. J Postgrad Med. 2020;66:67\u201372.","journal-title":"J Postgrad Med"},{"key":"574_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PCC.0000074266.10576.9B","volume":"4","author":"MC Kutko","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kutko MC, Calarco MP, Flaherty MB, Helmrich RF, Ushay HM, Pon S, et al. Mortality rates in pediatric septic shock with and without multiple organ system failure. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2003;4:333\u20137.","journal-title":"Pediatr Crit Care Med"},{"key":"574_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1714705","volume":"10","author":"AV Lalitha","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lalitha AV, Satish JK, Reddy M, Ghosh S, George J, Pujari C. Sequential organ failure assessment score as a predictor of outcome in sepsis in pediatric intensive care unit. J Pediatr Intensive Care. 2021;10:110\u20137.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Intensive Care"},{"key":"574_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.24953\/turkjped.2018.06.010","volume":"60","author":"AA Moustafa","year":"2018","unstructured":"Moustafa AA, Antonios MA, Abdellatif EM, Hussain AH. Association of lactate\/albumin ratio level to organ failure and mortality in severe sepsis in a pediatric intensive care unit in Egypt. Turk J Pediatr. 2018;60:691\u2013701.","journal-title":"Turk J Pediatr"},{"key":"574_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0000000000001222","volume":"18","author":"SL Weiss","year":"2017","unstructured":"Weiss SL, Balamuth F, Hensley J, Fitzgerald JC, Bush J, Nadkarni VM, et al. The epidemiology of hospital death following pediatric severe sepsis: when, why, and how children with sepsis die. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2017;18:823\u201330.","journal-title":"Pediatr Crit Care Med"},{"key":"574_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2010","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000001852","volume":"44","author":"HR Wong","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wong HR, Cvijanovich NZ, Anas N, Allen GL, Thomas NJ, Bigham MT, et al. Pediatric sepsis biomarker risk model-II: redefining the pediatric sepsis biomarker risk model with septic shock phenotype. Crit Care Med. 2016;44:2010\u20137.","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"574_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000005294","volume":"50","author":"K Menon","year":"2022","unstructured":"Menon K, Schlapbach LJ, Akech S, Argent A, Biban P, Carrol ED, et al. Criteria for pediatric sepsis\u2014a systematic review and meta-analysis by the pediatric sepsis definition taskforce. Crit Care Med. 2022;50:21\u201336.","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"574_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1097\/MBC.0000000000000937","volume":"31","author":"G Al Harbi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Al Harbi G, Chaari A. Platelets parameters in septic shock: clinical usefulness and prognostic value. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis. 2020;31:421\u20135.","journal-title":"Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis"},{"key":"574_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1177\/0885066620933245","volume":"36","author":"JH Kim","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kim JH, Lee Y, Cho YS, Sohn YJ, Hyun JH, Ahn SM, et al. A modified simple scoring system using the red blood cell distribution width, delta neutrophil index, and mean platelet volume-to-platelet count to predict 28-day mortality in patients with sepsis. J Intensive Care Med. 2021;36:873\u20138.","journal-title":"J Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"574_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000003644","volume":"47","author":"CE Menard","year":"2019","unstructured":"Menard CE, Kumar A, Houston DS, Turgeon AF, Rimmer E, Houston BL, et al. Evolution and impact of thrombocytopenia in septic shock: a retrospective cohort study. Crit Care Med. 2019;47:558\u201365.","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"574_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e489","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000003030","volume":"46","author":"SM Ryoo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ryoo SM, Lee J, Lee YS, Lee JH, Lim KS, Huh JW, et al. Lactate level versus lactate clearance for predicting mortality in patients with septic shock defined by Sepsis-3. Crit Care Med. 2018;46:e489\u201395.","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"574_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-017-4701-8","volume":"43","author":"LJ Schlapbach","year":"2017","unstructured":"Schlapbach LJ, MacLaren G, Festa M, Alexander J, Erickson S, Beca J, et al. Prediction of pediatric sepsis mortality within 1 h of intensive care admission. Intensive Care Med. 2017;43:1085\u201396.","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"574_CR43","first-page":"67","volume":"73","author":"SJ Choi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Choi SJ, Ha EJ, Jhang WK, Park SJ. Association between the lactate\/albumin ratio and mortality in pediatric septic shock patients with underlying chronic disease: retrospective pilot study. Minerva Pediatr (Torino). 2021;73:67\u201372.","journal-title":"Minerva Pediatr (Torino)"},{"key":"574_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1177\/0885066620903231","volume":"36","author":"A Alam","year":"2021","unstructured":"Alam A, Gupta S. Lactate measurements and their association with mortality in pediatric severe sepsis in India: evidence that 6-hour level performs best. J Intensive Care Med. 2021;36:443\u201350.","journal-title":"J Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"574_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000006923","volume":"96","author":"M Chen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chen M, Lu X, Hu L, Liu P, Zhao W, Yan H, et al. Development and validation of a mortality risk model for pediatric sepsis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2017;96:e6923.","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"574_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2015.09.032","volume":"31","author":"E de Montmollin","year":"2016","unstructured":"de Montmollin E, Aboab J, Ferrer R, Azoulay E, Annane D. Criteria for initiation of invasive ventilation in septic shock: an international survey. J Crit Care. 2016;31:54\u20137.","journal-title":"J Crit Care"},{"key":"574_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1775","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-017-3098-3","volume":"96","author":"WJ Heinz","year":"2017","unstructured":"Heinz WJ, Buchheidt D, Christopeit M, von Lilienfeld-Toal M, Cornely OA, Einsele H, et al. Diagnosis and empirical treatment of fever of unknown origin (FUO) in adult neutropenic patients: guidelines of the Infectious Diseases Working Party (AGIHO) of the German Society of Hematology and Medical Oncology (DGHO). Ann Hematol. 2017;96:1775\u201392.","journal-title":"Ann Hematol"},{"key":"574_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1701190","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01190-2017","volume":"52","author":"MI Restrepo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Restrepo MI, Babu BL, Reyes LF, Chalmers JD, Soni NJ, Sibila O, et al. Burden and risk factors for Pseudomonas aeruginosa community-acquired pneumonia: a multinational point prevalence study of hospitalised patients. Eur Respir J. 2018;52:1701190.","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"574_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-016-2852-0","volume":"36","author":"KL McCarthy","year":"2017","unstructured":"McCarthy KL, Paterson DL. Community-acquired Pseudomonas aeruginosa bloodstream infection: a classification that should not falsely reassure the clinician. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2017;36:703\u201311.","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"574_CR50","volume":"5","author":"EM Meumann","year":"2019","unstructured":"Meumann EM, Anstey NM, Currie BJ, Piera KA, Kenyon JJ, Hall RM, et al. Genomic epidemiology of severe community-onset Acinetobacter baumannii infection. Microb Genom. 2019;5:e000258.","journal-title":"Microb Genom"},{"key":"574_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2017.02.004","volume":"51","author":"CT Chen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chen CT, Wang YC, Kuo SC, Shih FH, Chen TL, How CK, et al. Community-acquired bloodstream infections caused by Acinetobacter baumannii: a matched case-control study. J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2018;51:629\u201335.","journal-title":"J Microbiol Immunol Infect"},{"key":"574_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2019.09.015","volume":"54","author":"CH Yo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yo CH, Hsein YC, Wu YL, Hsu WT, Ma MH, Tsai CH, et al. Clinical predictors and outcome impact of community-onset polymicrobial bloodstream infection. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2019;54:716\u201322.","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"574_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/s40248-019-0185-4","volume":"14","author":"N Capsoni","year":"2019","unstructured":"Capsoni N, Bellone P, Aliberti S, Sotgiu G, Pavanello D, Visintin B, et al. Prevalence, risk factors and outcomes of patients coming from the community with sepsis due to multidrug resistant bacteria. Multidiscip Respir Med. 2019;14:23.","journal-title":"Multidiscip Respir Med"},{"key":"574_CR54","first-page":"683","volume":"55","author":"L Dong","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dong L, Zhang XY, Li CC, Li Z, Xia YQ. Characteristics of epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance of gram-negative bacterial bloodstream infections in children. Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi. 2017;55:683\u20138 (in Chinese).","journal-title":"Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi"},{"key":"574_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Edwards JD, Houtrow AJ, Vasilevskis EE, Rehm RS, Markovitz BP, Graham RJ, et al. Chronic conditions among children admitted to U.S. pediatric intensive care units: their prevalence and impact on risk for mortality and prolonged length of stay*. Crit Care Med. 2012;40:2196\u2013203.","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e31824e68cf"},{"key":"574_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jped.2014.01.010","volume":"90","author":"JG Fonseca","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fonseca JG, Ferreira AR. Application of the pediatric index of mortality 2 in pediatric patients with complex chronic conditions. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2014;90:506\u201311 (in Portuguese).","journal-title":"J Pediatr (Rio J)"},{"key":"574_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/703942","volume":"2014","author":"VV Shukla","year":"2014","unstructured":"Shukla VV, Nimbalkar SM, Phatak AG, Ganjiwale JD. Critical analysis of PIM2 score applicability in a tertiary care PICU in Western India. Int J Pediatr. 2014;2014:703942.","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr"}],"container-title":["World Journal of Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12519-022-00574-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12519-022-00574-w\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12519-022-00574-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,12]],"date-time":"2022-10-12T18:19:18Z","timestamp":1665598758000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12519-022-00574-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,23]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]}},"alternative-id":["574"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12519-022-00574-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["1708-8569","1867-0687"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1708-8569","type":"print"},{"value":"1867-0687","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"12 November 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 May 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 June 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of Beijing Children\u2019s Hospital (approval number: 2020-Z-040). The patient's informed consent has been waived.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"No financial or non-financial benefits have been received or will be received from any party related directly or indirectly to the subject of this article. The authors have no conflict of interest to declare.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}