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For the first time, this systematic review and meta-analysis synthesized evidences from studies investigating the association of sibship size and birth order with risk of asthma and wheezing.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fifteen databases were searched to identify eligible studies. Study selection and data extraction were performed independently by pairs of reviewers. Meta-analysis with robust variance estimation (RVE) was used to produce pooled risk ratio (RR) effect estimates from comparable numerical data.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>From 17,466 identified records, 158 reports of 134 studies (&gt;\u20093 million subjects) were included. Any wheezing in the last\u2009\u2264\u20091.5\u00a0years occurred more frequently in infants with\u2009\u2265\u20091 sibling [pooled RR 1.10, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02\u20131.19] and\u2009\u2265\u20091 older sibling (pooled RR 1.16, 95% CI 1.04\u20131.29). The pooled effect sizes for asthma were overall statistically nonsignificant, although having\u2009\u2265\u20091 older sibling was marginally protective for subjects aged\u2009\u2265\u20096\u00a0years (pooled RR 0.93, 95% CI 0.88\u20130.99). The effect estimates weakened in studies published after 2000 compared with earlier studies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Being second-born or later and having at least one sibling is associated with a slightly increased risk of temporary wheezing in infancy. In contrast, being second-born or later is associated with marginal protection against asthma. These associations appear to have weakened since the turn of the millennium, possibly due to lifestyle changes and socioeconomic development.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12519-023-00706-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,3]],"date-time":"2023-04-03T15:43:08Z","timestamp":1680536588000},"page":"1127-1138","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Is sibship composition a risk factor for childhood asthma? 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