{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T21:39:27Z","timestamp":1789421967933,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,30]],"date-time":"2023-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,30]],"date-time":"2023-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688083200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82272191"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82272191"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82171699"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82171699"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81901989"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81901989"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004731","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LY21H150005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LY21H150005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004731","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004731","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LY22H040006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LY22H040006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004731","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["World J Pediatr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Macrophages are involved in various immune inflammatory disease conditions. This study aimed to investigate the role and mechanism of macrophages in regulating acute intestinal injury in neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>CD68, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain, leucine-rich repeat, and pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3), cysteine aspartate-specific protease-1 (caspase-1), and interleukin-1\u03b2 (IL-1\u03b2) in paraffin sections of intestinal tissues from NEC and control patients were detected with immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and western blot. Hypertonic pet milk, hypoxia and cold stimulation were used to establish a mouse (wild type and <jats:italic>Nlrp3<\/jats:italic><jats:sup><jats:italic>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sup>) model of NEC. The mouse macrophage (RAW 264.7) and rat intestinal epithelial cell-6 lines were also cultured followed by various treatments. Macrophages, intestinal epithelial cell injuries, and IL-1\u03b2 release were determined.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Compared to the gut \u201chealthy\u201d patients, the intestinal lamina propria of NEC patients had high macrophage infiltration and high NLRP3, caspase-1, and IL-1\u03b2 levels. Furthermore, in vivo, the survival rate of <jats:italic>Nlrp3<\/jats:italic><jats:sup><jats:italic>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sup> NEC mice was dramatically improved, the proportion of intestinal macrophages was reduced, and intestinal injury was decreased compared to those of wild-type NEC mice. NLRP3, caspase-1, and IL-1\u03b2 derived from macrophages or supernatant from cocultures of macrophages and intestinal epithelial cells also caused intestinal epithelial cell injuries.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Macrophage activation may be essential for NEC development. NLRP3\/caspase-1\/IL-1\u03b2 cellular signals derived from macrophages may be the underlying mechanism of NEC development, and all these may be therapeutic targets for developing treatments for NEC.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12519-023-00727-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,30]],"date-time":"2023-06-30T06:03:07Z","timestamp":1688104987000},"page":"153-164","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["NLRP3\u00a0activation in macrophages promotes acute intestinal injury in neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Bo","family":"Shi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheng-Jie","family":"Lyu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhen-Kai","family":"Le","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao-Sen","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan-Yuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shou-Jiang","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin-Jun","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiang","family":"Shu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin-Fa","family":"Tou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deng-Ming","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"727_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.10244","volume":"314","author":"BJ Stoll","year":"2015","unstructured":"Stoll BJ, Hansen NI, Bell EF, Walsh MC, Carlo WA, Shankaran S, et al. Trends in care practices, morbidity, and mortality of extremely preterm neonates, 1993\u20132012. JAMA. 2015;314:1039\u201351.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"727_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1005408","volume":"364","author":"J Neu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Neu J, Walker WA. Necrotizing enterocolitis. N Engl J Med. 2011;364:255\u201364.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"727_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13020340","volume":"13","author":"L Moschino","year":"2021","unstructured":"Moschino L, Duci M, Fascetti Leon F, Bonadies L, Priante E, Baraldi E, et al. Optimizing nutritional strategies to prevent necrotizing enterocolitis and growth failure after bowel resection. Nutrients. 2021;13:340.","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"727_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2020.00033","volume":"8","author":"S Jiang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jiang S, Yan W, Li S, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Shah PS, et al. Mortality and morbidity in infants <34 weeks\u2019 gestation in 25 NICUs in China: a prospective cohort study. Front Pediatr. 2020;8:33.","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"key":"727_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2019.11.011","volume":"220","author":"IH Jones","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jones IH, Hall NJ. Contemporary outcomes for infants with necrotizing enterocolitis\u2014a systematic review. J Pediatr. 2020;220:86\u201392.e3.","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"727_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1701611","volume":"38","author":"J Zhou","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhou J, Ba Y, Du Y, Lin SB, Chen C, Chinese Collaborative Study Group for Etiologies of NICU Deaths. The etiology of neonatal intensive care unit death in extremely low birth weight infants: a multicenter survey in China. Am J Perinatol. 2021;38:1048\u201356.","journal-title":"Am J Perinatol."},{"key":"727_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0224880","volume":"14","author":"L Lin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lin L, Xia X, Liu W, Wang Y, Hua Z. Clinical characteristics of neonatal fulminant necrotizing enterocolitis in a tertiary children\u2019s hospital in the last 10 years. PLoS One. 2019;14:e0224880.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"727_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103794","volume":"138","author":"T Jiang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jiang T, Zhang H, Xu X, Li H, Yang J. Mixed probiotics decrease the incidence of stage II-III necrotizing enterocolitis and death: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Microb Pathog. 2020;138:103794.","journal-title":"Microb Pathog"},{"key":"727_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1322","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12051322","volume":"12","author":"E Altobelli","year":"2020","unstructured":"Altobelli E, Angeletti PM, Verrotti A, Petrocelli R. The impact of human milk on necrotizing enterocolitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrients. 2020;12:1322.","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"727_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2016.169","volume":"14","author":"MA Odenwald","year":"2017","unstructured":"Odenwald MA, Turner JR. The intestinal epithelial barrier: a therapeutic target? Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2017;14:9\u201321.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"727_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2019.11.002","volume":"9","author":"AD Werts","year":"2020","unstructured":"Werts AD, Fulton WB, Ladd MR, Saad-Eldin A, Chen YX, Kovler ML, et al. A novel role for necroptosis in the pathogenesis of necrotizing enterocolitis. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020;9:403\u201323.","journal-title":"Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"727_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-019-0215-7","volume":"20","author":"T Gong","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gong T, Liu L, Jiang W, Zhou R. DAMP-sensing receptors in sterile inflammation and inflammatory diseases. Nat Rev Immunol. 2020;20:95\u2013112.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"727_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2450","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2021.10.012","volume":"54","author":"T van der Poll","year":"2021","unstructured":"van der Poll T, Shankar-Hari M, Wiersinga WJ. The immunology of sepsis. Immunity. 2021;54:2450\u201364.","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"727_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2021.04.007","volume":"42","author":"SP Nobs","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nobs SP, Kopf M. Tissue-resident macrophages: guardians of organ homeostasis. Trends Immunol. 2021;42:495\u2013507.","journal-title":"Trends Immunol"},{"key":"727_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.01.010","volume":"176","author":"S De Schepper","year":"2019","unstructured":"De Schepper S, Verheijden S, Aguilera-Lizarraga J, Viola MF, Boesmans W, Stakenborg N, et al. Self-maintaining gut macrophages are essential for intestinal homeostasis. Cell. 2019;176:676.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"727_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-019-0172-4","volume":"16","author":"YR Na","year":"2019","unstructured":"Na YR, Stakenborg M, Seok SH, Matteoli G. Macrophages in intestinal inflammation and resolution: a potential therapeutic target in IBD. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2019;16:531\u201343.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"727_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1701","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2021.08.021","volume":"12","author":"JLK Yip","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yip JLK, Balasuriya GK, Spencer SJ, Hill-Yardin EL. The role of intestinal macrophages in gastrointestinal homeostasis: heterogeneity and implications in disease. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2021;12:1701\u201318.","journal-title":"Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"727_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1530","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2022.08.005","volume":"55","author":"M Delfini","year":"2022","unstructured":"Delfini M, Stakenborg N, Viola MF, Boeckxstaens G. Macrophages in the gut: masters in multitasking. Immunity. 2022;55:1530\u201348.","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"727_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd.2018.97","volume":"17","author":"MSJ Mangan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mangan MSJ, Olhava EJ, Roush WR, Seidel HM, Glick GD, Latz E. Targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome in inflammatory diseases. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2018;17:588\u2013606.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"key":"727_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2114","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-021-00740-6","volume":"18","author":"Y Huang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Huang Y, Xu W, Zhou R. NLRP3 inflammasome activation and cell death. Cell Mol Immunol. 2021;18:2114\u201327.","journal-title":"Cell Mol Immunol"},{"key":"727_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202110-2274OC","volume":"206","author":"R Al-Qazazi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Al-Qazazi R, Lima PDA, Prisco SZ, Potus F, Dasgupta A, Chen KH, et al. Macrophage-NLRP3 activation promotes right ventricle failure in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2022;206:608\u201324.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"727_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2021.154797","volume":"120","author":"S Huang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Huang S, Wu Y, Zhao Z, Wu B, Sun K, Wang H, et al. A new mechanism of obeticholic acid on NASH treatment by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophage. Metabolism. 2021;120:154797.","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"727_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-019-1761-4","volume":"10","author":"L Sun","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sun L, Ma W, Gao W, Xing Y, Chen L, Xia Z, et al. Propofol directly induces caspase-1-dependent macrophage pyroptosis through the NLRP3-ASC inflammasome. Cell Death Dis. 2019;10:542.","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"727_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2021.1965426","volume":"18","author":"B Cai","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cai B, Zhao J, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Ma C, Yi F, et al. USP5 attenuates NLRP3 inflammasome activation by promoting autophagic degradation of NLRP3. Autophagy. 2022;18:990\u20131004.","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"727_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.13258","volume":"47","author":"J Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang J, Liu X, Wan C, Liu Y, Wang Y, Meng C, et al. NLRP3 inflammasome mediates M1 macrophage polarization and IL-1beta production in inflammatory root resorption. J Clin Periodontol. 2020;47:451\u201360.","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"key":"727_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2020.109867","volume":"125","author":"Y Yin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yin Y, Wang J, Zhao X, Wu X, Zou H, Qin Z, et al. Overexpressed FOXO3 improves inflammatory status in mice by affecting NLRP3-mediated cell coronation in necrotizing colitis mice. Biomed Pharmacother. 2020;125:109867.","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"727_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-021-02111-4","volume":"18","author":"F Zhu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhu F, Wang L, Gong Z, Wang Y, Gao Y, Cai W, et al. Blockage of NLRP3 inflammasome activation ameliorates acute inflammatory injury and long-term cognitive impairment induced by necrotizing enterocolitis in mice. J Neuroinflammation. 2021;18:66.","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"727_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13431","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.28022","volume":"234","author":"R Yu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yu R, Jiang S, Tao Y, Li P, Yin J, Zhou Q. Inhibition of HMGB1 improves necrotizing enterocolitis by inhibiting NLRP3 via TLR4 and NF-kappaB signaling pathways. J Cell Physiol. 2019;234:13431\u20138.","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"key":"727_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00305","DOI":"10.1128\/mSystems.00305-19","volume":"4","author":"H Fan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fan H, Chen Z, Lin R, Liu Y, Wu X, Puthiyakunnon S, et al. Bacteroides fragilis strain ZY-312 defense against Cronobacter sakazakii-induced necrotizing enterocolitis in vitro and in a neonatal rat model. mSystems. 2019;4:e00305\u201319.","journal-title":"mSystems."},{"key":"727_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/s13578-021-00530-7","volume":"11","author":"X Zhao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhao X, Zhou J, Liang W, Sheng Q, Lu L, Chen T, et al. Probiotics mixture reinforces barrier function to ameliorate necrotizing enterocolitis by regulating PXR-JNK pathway. Cell Biosci. 2021;11:20.","journal-title":"Cell Biosci"},{"key":"727_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1203\/01.PDR.0000113463.70435.74","volume":"55","author":"T Jilling","year":"2004","unstructured":"Jilling T, Lu J, Jackson M, Caplan MS. Intestinal epithelial apoptosis initiates gross bowel necrosis in an experimental rat model of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis. Pediatr Res. 2004;55:622\u20139.","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"727_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2130","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.08.019","volume":"159","author":"M Willers","year":"2020","unstructured":"Willers M, Ulas T, V\u00f6llger L, Vogl T, Heinemann AS, Pirr S, et al. S100A8 and S100A9 are important for postnatal development of gut microbiota and immune system in mice and infants. Gastroenterology. 2020;159:2130\u201345.e5.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"727_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3806","volume":"21","author":"RC Coll","year":"2015","unstructured":"Coll RC, Robertson AA, Chae JJ, Higgins SC, Mu\u00f1oz-Planillo R, Inserra MC, et al. A small-molecule inhibitor of the NLRP3 inflammasome for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Nat Med. 2015;21:248\u201355.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"727_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-021-03775-3","volume":"25","author":"Y Jiao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jiao Y, Zhang T, Zhang C, Ji H, Tong X, Xia R, et al. Exosomal miR-30d-5p of neutrophils induces M1 macrophage polarization and primes macrophage pyroptosis in sepsis-related acute lung injury. Crit Care. 2021;25:356.","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"727_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pathmechdis-012418-012718","volume":"15","author":"M Locati","year":"2020","unstructured":"Locati M, Curtale G, Mantovani A. Diversity, mechanisms, and significance of macrophage plasticity. Annu Rev Pathol. 2020;15:123\u201347.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Pathol"},{"key":"727_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-021-00154-z","volume":"20","author":"X Liu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liu X, Xia S, Zhang Z, Wu H, Lieberman J. Channelling inflammation: gasdermins in physiology and disease. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2021;20:384\u2013405.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"key":"727_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2021.06.001","volume":"42","author":"R Karki","year":"2021","unstructured":"Karki R, Kanneganti TD. The \u201ccytokine storm\u201d: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic prospects. Trends Immunol. 2021;42:681\u2013705.","journal-title":"Trends Immunol"},{"key":"727_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00276","volume":"10","author":"Y Zhen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhen Y, Zhang H. NLRP3 inflammasome and inflammatory bowel disease. Front Immunol. 2019;10:276.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"727_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.767456","volume":"12","author":"LW Kaminsky","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kaminsky LW, Al-Sadi R, Ma TY. IL-1\u03b2 and the intestinal epithelial tight junction barrier. Front Immunol. 2021;12:767456.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"727_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-020-00541-3","volume":"18","author":"DM Mosser","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mosser DM, Hamidzadeh K, Goncalves R. Macrophages and the maintenance of homeostasis. Cell Mol Immunol. 2021;18:579\u201387.","journal-title":"Cell Mol Immunol"},{"key":"727_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2208","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12092208","volume":"12","author":"M Dimitroglou","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dimitroglou M, Iliodromiti Z, Christou E, Volaki P, Petropoulou C, Sokou R, et al. Human breast milk: the key role in the maturation of immune, gastrointestinal and central nervous systems: a narrative review. Diagnostics. 2022;12:2208.","journal-title":"Diagnostics"},{"key":"727_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2022.04.003","volume":"43","author":"RC Coll","year":"2022","unstructured":"Coll RC, Schroder K, Pelegr\u00edn P. NLRP3 and pyroptosis blockers for treating inflammatory diseases. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2022;43:653\u201368.","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"727_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.0c01307","volume":"64","author":"AG Schwaid","year":"2021","unstructured":"Schwaid AG, Spencer KB. Strategies for targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome in the clinical and preclinical space. J Med Chem. 2021;64:101\u201322.","journal-title":"J Med Chem"}],"container-title":["World Journal of Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12519-023-00727-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12519-023-00727-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12519-023-00727-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,22]],"date-time":"2024-02-22T15:27:56Z","timestamp":1708615676000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12519-023-00727-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,30]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]}},"alternative-id":["727"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12519-023-00727-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1708-8569","1867-0687"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1708-8569","type":"print"},{"value":"1867-0687","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 November 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 April 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 June 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Children\u2019s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine (2019-IRB-088). Informed written consent was obtained from the patient\u2019s parents.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"No financial or non-financial benefits have been received or will be received from any party related directly or indirectly to the subject of this article. Author Qiang Shu is the Chief Editor of <i>World Journal of Pediatrics<\/i>. The paper was handled by the other Editor and has undergone rigrous peer review process. Author Qiang Shu was not involved in the journal\u2019s review of, or decisions related to, this manuscript.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}