{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,7]],"date-time":"2026-11-07T15:58:45Z","timestamp":1794067125987,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003399","name":"Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21511104502"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21511104502"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003399","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008750","name":"Shanghai Municipal Hospital Development Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SHDC22022221"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SHDC22022221"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008750","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["World J Pediatr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12519-023-00793-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,17]],"date-time":"2024-01-17T10:02:16Z","timestamp":1705485736000},"page":"5-10","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":86,"title":["Current Mycoplasma pneumoniae epidemic among children in Shanghai: unusual pneumonia caused by usual pathogen"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Xiao-Bo","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong-Hao","family":"Gui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Quan","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian-Hua","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao-Yan","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying-Wen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying-Zi","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia-Yu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bing","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan-Ping","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li-Bo","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"793_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2100746","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2022.27.19.2100746","volume":"27","author":"PM Meyer Sauteur","year":"2022","unstructured":"Meyer Sauteur PM, Beeton ML, Uldum SA, Bossuyt N, Vermeulen M, Loens K, et al. Mycoplasma pneumoniae detections before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: results of a global survey, 2017 to 2021. Euro Surveill. 2022;27:2100746.","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"793_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-5247(22)00190-2","volume":"3","author":"PM Meyer Sauteur","year":"2022","unstructured":"Meyer Sauteur PM, Chalker VJ, Berger C, Nir-Paz R, Beeton ML. Mycoplasma pneumoniae beyond the COVID-19 pandemic: where is it? Lancet Microbe. 2022;3:e897.","journal-title":"Lancet Microbe"},{"key":"793_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1007\/s12519-022-00592-8","volume":"18","author":"LN Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang LN, Cao L, Meng LH. Pathogenic changes of community-acquired pneumonia in a children\u2019s hospital in Beijing, China before and after COVID-19 onset: a retrospective study. World J Pediatr. 2022;18:746\u201352.","journal-title":"World J Pediatr"},{"key":"793_CR4","first-page":"256","volume":"86","author":"X Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li X, Li T, Chen N, Kang P, Yang J. Changes of Mycoplasma pneumoniae prevalence in children before and after COVID-19 pandemic in Henan. China J Infect. 2023;86:256\u2013308.","journal-title":"China J Infect"},{"key":"793_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.01550-21","volume":"10","author":"J Chen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen J, Zhang J, Lu Z, Chen Y, Huang S, Li H, et al. Mycoplasma pneumoniae among Chinese outpatient children with mild respiratory tract infections during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Microbiol Spectr. 2022;10:e0155021.","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectr"},{"key":"793_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.04911-22","volume":"11","author":"L Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li L, Guo P, Ma J, Sun H, Mei S. Impact of COVID-19 on the epidemiological features of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in children with community-acquired pneumonia in Henan. China Microbiol Spectr. 2023;11:e0491122.","journal-title":"China Microbiol Spectr"},{"key":"793_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.23736\/S0026-4946.16.04866-0","volume":"69","author":"LE Rogozinski","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rogozinski LE, Alverson BK, Biondi EA. Diagnosis and treatment of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in children. Minerva Pediatr. 2017;69:156\u201360.","journal-title":"Minerva Pediatr"},{"key":"793_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2021.11.006","volume":"241","author":"MJ Peluso","year":"2022","unstructured":"Peluso MJ, Donatelli J, Henrich TJ. Long-term immunologic effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection: leveraging translational research methodology to address emerging questions. Transl Res. 2022;241:1\u201312.","journal-title":"Transl Res"},{"key":"793_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2020.10.002","volume":"54","author":"TA Tsai","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tsai TA, Tsai CK, Kuo KC, Yu HR. Rational stepwise approach for Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children. J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2021;54:557\u201365.","journal-title":"J Microbiol Immunol Infect"},{"key":"793_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idnow.2021.05.004","volume":"51","author":"R Cohen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cohen R, Ashman M, Taha MK, Varon E, Angoulvant F, Levy C, et al. Pediatric infectious disease group (GPIP) position paper on the immune debt of the COVID-19 pandemic in childhood, how can we fill the immunity gap? Infect Dis Now. 2021;51:418\u201323.","journal-title":"Infect Dis Now"},{"key":"793_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1007\/s12519-023-00718-6","volume":"19","author":"GB Liu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu GB, Gu Y, Wang YW, Wang CQ, Ma J, Zeng M, et al. Clinical experiences in the management of critically ill patients with COVID-19 in a designated children\u2019s hospital in China. World J Pediatr. 2023;19;605\u20138.","journal-title":"World J Pediatr"},{"key":"793_CR12","unstructured":"China National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Diseases; Respiratory Department of Beijing Children\u2019s Hospital, Capital Medical University; National Center for Children\u2019s Health, China; Respiratory Branch of Chinese Pediatric Society of Chinese Medical Association. Chinese guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of childhood mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (2023). Infect Dis Info. 2023;36:291\u20137."},{"key":"793_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e330","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-5247(23)00031-9","volume":"4","author":"YN Liu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu YN, Zhang YF, Xu Q, Qiu Y, Lu QB, Wang T, et al. Infection and co-infection patterns of community-acquired pneumonia in patients of different ages in China from 2009 to 2020: a national surveillance study. Lancet Microbe. 2023;4:e330\u20139.","journal-title":"Lancet Microbe"},{"key":"793_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-017-2614-3","volume":"17","author":"L Wang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wang L, Feng Z, Zhao M, Yang S, Yan X, Guo W, et al. A comparison study between GeXP-based multiplex-PCR and serology assay for Mycoplasma pneumoniae detection in children with community acquired pneumonia. BMC Infect Dis. 2017;17:518.","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"793_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.17.4.697-728.2004","volume":"17","author":"KB Waites","year":"2004","unstructured":"Waites KB, Talkington DF. Mycoplasma pneumoniae and its role as a human pathogen. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2004;17:697\u2013728.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"793_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.4103\/ijmr.IJMR_1582_16","volume":"147","author":"S Kumar","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kumar S. Mycoplasma pneumoniae: a significant but underrated pathogen in paediatric community-acquired lower respiratory tract infections. Indian J Med Res. 2018;147:23\u201331.","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"793_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-020-01577-9","volume":"22","author":"J Wen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wen J, Su Y, Sun H, Zhang H, Li H. The combination of initial markers to predict refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in Chinese children: a case control study. Respir Res. 2021;22:89.","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"key":"793_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.687391","volume":"11","author":"Y Zheng","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zheng Y, Hua L, Zhao Q, Li M, Huang M, Zhou Y, et al. The level of D-dimer is positively correlated with the severity of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2021;11:687391.","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"793_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-020-05700-5","volume":"21","author":"X Huang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Huang X, Li D, Liu F, Zhao D, Zhu Y, Tang H. Clinical significance of D-dimer levels in refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia. BMC Infect Dis. 2021;21:14.","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"793_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30253-X","volume":"20","author":"S Chen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chen S, Ding Y, Vinturache A, Gu H, Lu M, Ding G. Pulmonary embolism associated with mycoplasma in a child. Lancet Infect Dis. 2020;20:1347.","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"793_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2022.959218","volume":"10","author":"T Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang T, Zheng J, Wang H, Xu Y, Ning J, Cai C. Case report: cardiac multiple thrombus and pulmonary embolism associated with Mycoplasma pneumonia infection in a child. Front Pediatr. 2022;10:959218.","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"key":"793_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000003014","volume":"95","author":"GH Wan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wan GH, Huang CG, Chung FF, Lin TY, Tsao KC, Huang YC. Detection of common respiratory viruses and Mycoplasma pneumoniae in patient-occupied rooms in pediatric wards. Medicine (Baltimore). 2016;95:e3014.","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"793_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1585","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-014-2120-0","volume":"33","author":"MJ Mina","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mina MJ, Burke RM, Klugman KP. Estimating the prevalence of coinfection with influenza virus and the atypical bacteria Bordetella pertussis, Chlamydophila pneumoniae, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2014;33:1585\u20139.","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"793_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.3345\/kjp.2018.07367","volume":"62","author":"HJ Yang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yang HJ. Benefits and risks of therapeutic alternatives for macrolide resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children. Korean J Pediatr. 2019;62:199\u2013205.","journal-title":"Korean J Pediatr"},{"key":"793_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1115009","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2023.1115009","volume":"11","author":"M Leng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Leng M, Yang J, Zhou J. The molecular characteristics, diagnosis, and treatment of macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae in children. Front Pediatr. 2023;11:1115009.","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"key":"793_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1382","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2607.200017","volume":"26","author":"YC Chen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chen YC, Hsu WY, Chang TH. Macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections in pediatric community-acquired pneumonia. Emerg Infect Dis. 2020;26:1382\u201391.","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"793_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2016.00693","volume":"7","author":"T Yamazaki","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yamazaki T, Kenri T. Epidemiology of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections in Japan and therapeutic strategies for macrolide-resistant M. pneumoniae. Front Microbiol. 2016;7:693.","journal-title":"Front Microbiol."},{"key":"793_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e25","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir531","volume":"53","author":"JS Bradley","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bradley JS, Byington CL, Shah SS, Alverson B, Carter ER, Harrison C, et al. The management of community-acquired pneumonia in infants and children older than 3 months of age: clinical practice guidelines by the pediatric infectious diseases society and the infectious diseases society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2011;53:e25\u201376.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"793_CR29","first-page":"13","volume":"68","author":"SS Shah","year":"2018","unstructured":"Shah SS. Mycoplasma pneumoniae as a cause of community-acquired pneumonia in children. Clin Infect Dis. 2018;68:13\u20134.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"793_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1200617","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1200617","volume":"13","author":"MC Yang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yang MC, Su YT, Chen PH, Tsai CC, Lin TI, Wu JR. Changing patterns of infectious diseases in children during the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2023;13:1200617.","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"793_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12884","volume":"15","author":"Y Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li Y, Wang X, Msosa T, de Wit F, Murdock J, Nair H. The impact of the 2009 influenza pandemic on the seasonality of human respiratory syncytial virus: a systematic analysis. Influenza Other Respir Viruses. 2021;15:804\u201312.","journal-title":"Influenza Other Respir Viruses"},{"key":"793_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3882","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.07.019","volume":"186","author":"JG Cheong","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cheong JG, Ravishankar A, Sharma S, Parkhurst CN, Grassmann SA, Wingert CK, et al. Epigenetic memory of coronavirus infection in innate immune cells and their progenitors. Cell. 2023;186:3882\u2013902.e24.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"793_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.85009","volume":"12","author":"M Santopaolo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Santopaolo M, Gregorova M, Hamilton F, Arnold D, Long A, Lacey A, et al. Prolonged T-cell activation and long COVID symptoms independently associate with severe COVID-19 at 3 months. Elife. 2023;12:e85009.","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"793_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0155648","volume":"11","author":"AN Odeh","year":"2016","unstructured":"Odeh AN, Simecka JW. Regulatory CD4+CD25+ T cells dampen inflammatory disease in murine Mycoplasma pneumonia and promote IL-17 and IFN-\u03b3 responses. PLoS ONE. 2016;11:e0155648.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"}],"container-title":["World Journal of Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12519-023-00793-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12519-023-00793-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12519-023-00793-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,30]],"date-time":"2024-01-30T06:14:47Z","timestamp":1706595287000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12519-023-00793-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]}},"alternative-id":["793"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12519-023-00793-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1708-8569","1867-0687"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1708-8569","type":"print"},{"value":"1867-0687","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 November 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 December 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 January 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not needed.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"No financial or non-financial benefits have been received or will be received from any party related directly or indirectly to the subject of this article. The authors have no conflict of interest to declare.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}