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Moreover, these cells are expanded in a widely used murine model for lupus. However, the homeostasis of \u03b1\u03b2<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>DNT cells remains inadequately investigated in rheumatic disorders, especially in pediatric patients.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In this cross-sectional, prospective, and observational study, children with rheumatic disorders and healthy controls were recruited to analyze the quantity and characteristics of circulating DNT cells using flow cytometry.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Overall, the two study groups did not differ in their total DNT cell pool in the bloodstream. However, the number of \u03b1\u03b2<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>DNT cells was significantly higher in rheumatic children than that in the controls, whereas the \u03b3\u03b4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>DNT cells remained similar. This expansion in the circulating pool of \u03b1\u03b2<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>DNT cells was comparable across different rheumatic diseases, all showing significant differences from the controls in this regard. Moreover, no significant correlation was found between \u03b1\u03b2<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>DNT cell numbers and disease activity.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>These preliminary results indicate that circulating \u03b1\u03b2<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>DNT cells are significantly expanded in children with rheumatic disorders; however, this finding appears to be a nonspecific (disease-unrelated) marker of autoimmunity. Further and larger studies are necessary to better investigate and define the role of DNT cells in pediatric rheumatic diseases.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Graphical abstract<\/jats:title>\n                \n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12519-024-00854-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,28]],"date-time":"2024-11-28T03:05:13Z","timestamp":1732763113000},"page":"1283-1292","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Nonspecific increase of \u03b1\u03b2TCR+ double-negative T cells in pediatric rheumatic diseases"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Kuanysh","family":"Dossybayeva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gulsamal","family":"Zhubanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Assel","family":"Mussayeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zaure","family":"Mukusheva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aiken","family":"Dildabayeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Galiya","family":"Nauryzbayeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lyudmila","family":"Akhmaltdinova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulbolsyn","family":"Orumbayeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Tanko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6431-9334","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dimitri","family":"Poddighe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"854_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1080\/1744666X.2021.1978842","volume":"17","author":"MP Lambert","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lambert MP. 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The author Dimitri Poddighe is a member of the Editorial Board for the <i>World Journal of Pediatrics<\/i>. The paper was handled by other editor and has undergone rigorous peer review process. Author Dimitri Poddighe was not involved in the journal\u2019s review of, or decisions related to this manuscript.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This human research was approved by both the Institutional Research Ethical Committee of Nazarbayev University (application N644\/14112022, approved on 10.01.2023) and the Institutional Review Board of UMC (application n.8, approved on 14.11.2023). This study has been conducted in compliance with the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was acquired from the guardians of study participants.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}}]}}