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Ltd, Johnson & Johnson K.K., Data Seed Inc., Workout-Plus LLC and EMMA CO., Ltd (in the last 36\u00a0months). Dr. Uchida receives royalties for the books \u201cAsk The Geniuses About The Future\u201d (Magazine House Publishing), \u201cSocial Justice\u201d (Bunshun Shinsho), \u201cReappraisal\u201d (Jitsugyo no Nihonsha), \u201cPrescription for daily mental crises\u201d (Daiwa Shobo), \u201cLiving Depression\u201d (Bunshun Shinsho), \u201cBecoming A Working Mom\u201d (Kadokawa) and \u201cWhat Parents Need To Know When Parenting Becomes Challenging\u201d (Nikkei BP). She also provided consultations to Guidepoint and Atheneum. Dr. Imanishi receives royalties for the books \u201cIs this real? I tell you\u201d (Seitousha), \u201cChild sexual abuse\u201d (Shueisha). The other authors declare no relevant financial or non-financial interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"We used data from two rounds of the Japan COVID-19 and Society internet Survey (JACSIS), which complied with the ethical standards of the relevant national and institutional committees on human experimentation and the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its 2008 revision. The study protocol was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Osaka International Cancer Institute (Approval No. 20084) and the Ethical Research Committee of Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine (Approval No. 2024-1-517). All procedures conformed to the Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments. Participants were adults (parents). Electronic informed consent to participate was obtained from all participants. For data on children under 16\u00a0years, the responding parent or legal guardian provided consent.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"During the preparation of this work, the authors use AI-assisted technologies (Claude) only for English-language editing. These technologies were not used to generate the original draft, conduct analysis, create figure, or perform literature searches. The authors take full responsibility for the content of this manuscript.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"AI use statement","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}