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Body weights were measured weekly, and vaginal epithelium cells were monitored daily. The uterus was dissected at the end of the treatment period, weighed and examined for histomorphometry.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There were a decrease in body weight and an increase in uterine weight, uterine, endometrium and myometrium areas, uterine gland numbers, and percent of cornified cell which were dependent on doses of E and PM treatments.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of the three assays proposed, although all are reliable and had critical read\u2010out, measurements of body and uterine weights is likely convenient and simple, but the uterotropic assay needs to kill the animals. Vaginal cytology assay appears most promising for sensitivity and shortening the duration of the assay. Compared to those of E, the estrogenic activity of PM at concentrations of 100 and 1,000 mg\/kg BW was in the range of 14 to &gt;20 mg\/kg BW.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12522-013-0161-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,17]],"date-time":"2013-07-17T05:31:22Z","timestamp":1374039082000},"page":"37-45","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Simple, sensitive and reliable in vivo assays to evaluate the estrogenic activity of endocrine disruptors"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Kanya","family":"Anukulthanakorn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biological Sciences Program, Faculty of Science Chulalongkorn University  10330 Bangkok Thailand"},{"name":"Primate Research Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science Chulalongkorn University  254 Phayathai Road 10330 Bangkok 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