{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T11:57:35Z","timestamp":1793275055803,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,8]],"date-time":"2023-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683504000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,8]],"date-time":"2023-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683504000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01-AI114310-S1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01-AI114310-S1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R34119963"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R34119963"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81903371"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81903371"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011106","name":"Graduate School, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011106","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int.J. Behav. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12529-023-10177-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,8]],"date-time":"2023-05-08T21:38:30Z","timestamp":1683581910000},"page":"252-262","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Multifaceted Barriers to Rapid Roll-out of HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis in China: A Qualitative Study Among Men Who Have Sex with Men"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9388-1799","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chunyan","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Honglin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danyang","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph D.","family":"Tucker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suzanne","family":"Maman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Derrick D.","family":"Matthews","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edwin B.","family":"Fisher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiming","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathryn E.","family":"Muessig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"10177_CR1","unstructured":"AVAC. The Global PrEP Tracker. https:\/\/data.prepwatch.org\/. Accessed 30 Oct\u00a02021."},{"key":"10177_CR2","unstructured":"Center for AIDS and STD Control People\u2019s Republic of China. Global AIDS Monitoring 2018: Country Progress Report-China.\u00a02018."},{"issue":"2","key":"10177_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.25242","volume":"22","author":"J Han","year":"2019","unstructured":"Han J, Bouey JZH, Wang L, et al. PrEP uptake preferences among men who have sex with men in China: results from a National Internet Survey. J Int AIDS Soc. 2019;22(2):1\u20139.","journal-title":"J Int AIDS Soc"},{"key":"10177_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin C, Li L, Liu J, et al. HIV PrEP services for MSM in China: a mixed-methods study. AIDS Care. 2021;1\u20135.","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121.2021.1896661"},{"key":"10177_CR5","volume-title":"HIV Serostatus Disclosure Among Men Who Have Sex with Men in China in the Era of U=U and PrEP","author":"W Cao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cao W, Li J, Sun S, et al. HIV Serostatus Disclosure Among Men Who Have Sex with Men in China in the Era of U=U and PrEP. AIDS Behav: Published online; 2021."},{"issue":"10","key":"10177_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-053634","volume":"11","author":"S Yu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yu S, Cross W, Lam LLY, et al. Willingness, preferred ways and potential barriers to use pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV prevention among men who have sex with men in China. BMJ Open. 2021;11(10):e053634.","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10177_CR7","unstructured":"AVAC. PrEPWatch - A snapshot of PrEP scale-up, registration and resources for China. Published 2021.\u00a0https:\/\/www.prepwatch.org\/country\/china\/. Accessed 21 Jun\u00a02021."},{"issue":"1","key":"10177_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-019-4692-x","volume":"19","author":"W Huang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Huang W, Wu D, Ong JJ, et al. Prepared for PrEP: preferences for HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis among Chinese men who have sex with men in an online national survey. BMC Infect Dis. 2019;19(1):1057.","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"10177_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhou F, Gao L, Li S, et al. Willingness to accept hiv pre-exposure prophylaxis among chinese men who have sex with men. PLoS One. 2012;7(3).","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0032329"},{"key":"10177_CR10","unstructured":"Gilead Sciences Inc. China National Medical Products Administration Approves Truvada\u00ae for HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP). Published August 11, 2020. https:\/\/www.gilead.com\/news-and-press\/press-room\/press-releases\/2020\/8\/china-national-medical-products-administration-approves-truvada-for-hiv-preexposure-prophylaxis-prep. Accessed 20 Aug\u00a02020.\u00a0"},{"issue":"19","key":"10177_CR11","first-page":"19","volume":"3018","author":"J Xu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Xu J, Tang W, Zhang F, Shang H. PrEP in China: choices are ahead. Lancet HIV. 2019;3018(19):19\u201320.","journal-title":"Lancet HIV"},{"issue":"5","key":"10177_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1089\/lgbt.2018.0256","volume":"6","author":"Y Wu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wu Y, Xie L, Meng S, et al. Mapping Potential Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Users onto a Motivational Cascade: Identifying Targets to Prepare for Implementation in China. LGBT Heal. 2019;6(5):250\u201360.","journal-title":"LGBT Heal"},{"key":"10177_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cui S, Ding H, Huang X, et al. Factors Influencing Clinicians\u2019 Willingness to Prescribe Pre-exposure Prophylaxis for Persons at High Risk of HIV in China: Cross-sectional Online Survey Study. JMIR Public Heal Surveill. 2021;7(6):e24235. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/24235.","DOI":"10.2196\/24235"},{"key":"10177_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kimani M, Sanders EJ, Chirro O, et al. Pre-exposure prophylaxis for transgender women and men who have sex with men: qualitative insights from healthcare providers, community organization\u2013based leadership and end users in coastal Kenya. Int Health. 2021;0:1\u20137.","DOI":"10.1093\/inthealth\/ihab043"},{"issue":"1","key":"10177_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462418781142","volume":"30","author":"Z Zheng","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zheng Z, Qiu J, Gu J, Xu H, Cheng W, Hao C. Preexposure prophylaxis comprehension and the certainty of willingness to use pre-exposure prophylaxis among men who have sex with men in China. Int J STD AIDS. 2019;30(1):4\u201311.","journal-title":"Int J STD AIDS"},{"key":"10177_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peng L, Cao W, Gu J, et al. Willingness to use and adhere to HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (Prep) among men who have sex with men (msm) in china. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019;16(14).","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16142620"},{"issue":"1","key":"10177_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-018-3497-7","volume":"18","author":"Y Hu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hu Y, Zhong X-N, Peng B, et al. Associations between perceived barriers and benefits of using HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis and medication adherence among men who have sex with men in Western China. BMC Infect Dis. 2018;18(1):575.","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10177_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1071\/SH17075","volume":"15","author":"C Liu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Liu C, Ding Y, Ning Z, et al. Factors influencing uptake of pre-exposure prophylaxis: Some qualitative insights from an intervention study of men who have sex with men in China. Sex Health. 2018;15(1):39\u201345.","journal-title":"Sex Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10177_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.5582\/bst.2016.01035","volume":"10","author":"Y Ding","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ding Y, Yan H, Ning Z, et al. Low willingness and actual uptake of pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV-1 prevention among men who have sex with men in Shanghai. China Biosci Trends. 2016;10(2):113\u20139.","journal-title":"China Biosci Trends"},{"issue":"6","key":"10177_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1080\/13691058.2021.1885740","volume":"24","author":"Y Wu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wu Y, Meyers K, Xie L. HIV risk management among sexual minority men in China: context, lived experience, and implications for pre-exposure prophylaxis implementation. Cult Health Sex. 2022;24(6):797\u2013811.","journal-title":"Cult Health Sex"},{"key":"10177_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Suls J, Wallston KA. Social Psychological Foundations of Health and Illness. (Suls J, Wallston KA, eds.). Blackwell Publishing Ltd; 2003.","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470753552"},{"issue":"11","key":"10177_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3603","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-018-2095-4","volume":"22","author":"A Dubov","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dubov A, Altice FL, Fraenkel L. An Information\u2013Motivation\u2013Behavioral Skills Model of PrEP Uptake. AIDS Behav. 2018;22(11):3603\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10461-018-2095-4.","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"issue":"7","key":"10177_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1904","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-018-2371-3","volume":"23","author":"JL Walsh","year":"2019","unstructured":"Walsh JL. Applying the Information\u2013Motivation\u2013Behavioral Skills Model to Understand PrEP Intentions and Use Among Men Who Have Sex with Men. AIDS Behav. 2019;23(7):1904\u201316.","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"issue":"6","key":"10177_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jana.2018.03.005","volume":"29","author":"C Chapman Lambert","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chapman Lambert C, Marrazzo J, Amico KR, Mugavero MJ, Elopre L. PrEParing Women to Prevent HIV: An Integrated Theoretical Framework to PrEP Black Women in the United States. J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care. 2018;29(6):835\u201348.","journal-title":"J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"10177_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1080\/09540120412331299762","volume":"17","author":"S Thorburn","year":"2005","unstructured":"Thorburn S, Harvey SM, Ryan EA. HIV prevention heuristics and condom use among African-Americans at risk for HIV. AIDS Care. 2005;17(3):335\u201344.","journal-title":"AIDS Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"10177_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-6133.25.4.462","volume":"25","author":"JD Fisher","year":"2006","unstructured":"Fisher JD, Fisher WA, Amico KR, Harman JJ. An information-motivation-behavioral skills model of adherence to antiretroviral therapy. Heal Psychol. 2006;25(4):462\u201373.","journal-title":"Heal Psychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10177_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jana.2017.11.002","volume":"29","author":"L Turner","year":"2018","unstructured":"Turner L, Roepke A, Wardell E, Teitelman AM. Do You PrEP? A Review of Primary Care Provider Knowledge of PrEP and Attitudes on Prescribing PrEP. J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care. 2018;29(1):83\u201392.","journal-title":"J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care"},{"issue":"5","key":"10177_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-055899","volume":"12","author":"C Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li C, Xiong Y, Muessig KE, et al. Community-engaged mHealth intervention to increase uptake of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men in China: study protocol for a pilot randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open. 2022;12(5):e055899.","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"2","key":"10177_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa","volume":"3","author":"V Braun","year":"2006","unstructured":"Braun V, Clarke V. Qualitative Research in Psychology Using thematic analysis in psychology Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qual Res Psychol. 2006;3(2):77\u2013101.","journal-title":"Qual Res Psychol"},{"key":"10177_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee JJ, Aguirre J, Munguia L, et al. Engagement of Latino immigrant men who have sex with men for HIV prevention through eHealth: preferences across social media platforms. Ethn Health. 2021;1\u201314.","DOI":"10.1080\/13557858.2021.1943322"},{"issue":"2","key":"10177_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E529","DOI":"10.9778\/cmajo.20200198","volume":"9","author":"J Cox","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cox J, Apelian H, Moodie EEM, et al. Use of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis among urban Canadian gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men: a cross-sectional analysis of the Engage cohort study. C Open. 2021;9(2):E529\u201338.","journal-title":"C Open"},{"key":"10177_CR32","first-page":"1","volume":"2021","author":"T Reyniers","year":"2020","unstructured":"Reyniers T, Zimmermann HML, Davidovich U, et al. The social meanings of PrEP use \u2013 A mixed-method study of PrEP use disclosure in Antwerp and Amsterdam. Sociol Heal Illn. 2020;2021:1\u201317.","journal-title":"Sociol Heal Illn"},{"issue":"9","key":"10177_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0204067","volume":"13","author":"RN Werner","year":"2018","unstructured":"Werner RN, Gaskins M, Ahrens J, et al. Knowledge and use of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis among men who have sex with men in Berlin \u2013 A multicentre, cross-sectional survey. PLoS ONE. 2018;13(9):1\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0204067.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"6","key":"10177_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e376","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(21)00078-3","volume":"8","author":"T Taggart","year":"2021","unstructured":"Taggart T, Ritchwood TD, Nyhan K, Ransome Y. Messaging matters: achieving equity in the HIV response through public health communication. Lancet HIV. 2021;8(6):e376\u201386.","journal-title":"Lancet HIV"},{"key":"10177_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Calabrese SK, Underhill K, Earnshaw VA, et al. Framing HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) for the General Public: How Inclusive Messaging May Prevent Prejudice from Diminishing Public Support. AIDS Behav. 2016;20(7).","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-016-1318-9"},{"key":"10177_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mangum LC, Craddock JB, Whitfield DL. Associations in preventive sexual health service utilization and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) interest among young Black women in the United States, 2018. AIDS Care. 2021;0(0):1\u20137.","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121.2021.1925213"},{"issue":"4","key":"10177_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1236","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-020-03085-9","volume":"25","author":"M van Dijk","year":"2021","unstructured":"van Dijk M, de Wit JBF, Kamps R, Guadamuz TE, Martinez JE, Jonas KJ. Socio-Sexual Experiences and Access to Healthcare Among Informal PrEP Users in the Netherlands. AIDS Behav. 2021;25(4):1236\u201346.","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"issue":"2","key":"10177_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000001291","volume":"48","author":"SH Hulstein","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hulstein SH, Matser A, van der Loeff MFS, Hoornenborg E, Prins M, de Vries HJC. Eligibility for HIV Preexposure Prophylaxis, Intention to Use Preexposure Prophylaxis, and Informal Use of Preexposure Prophylaxis Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Sex Transm Dis. 2021;48(2):86\u201393.","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"issue":"10","key":"10177_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.25395","volume":"22","author":"U Koppe","year":"2019","unstructured":"Koppe U, Marcus U, Albrecht S, et al. Factors associated with the informal use of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis in Germany: a cross-sectional study. J Int AIDS Soc. 2019;22(10):1\u20138.","journal-title":"J Int AIDS Soc"},{"key":"10177_CR40","unstructured":"Kurtz SP, Buttram ME, Surratt HL. ARV street markets and informal PrEP use by MSM in South Florida\u202f: the context of limited access. In: Association for the Social Sciences and Humanities in HIV Conference.\u00a02015."},{"key":"10177_CR41","unstructured":"PrEP innovation and implementation in Asia and the Pacific\u202f: Virtual regional discussion 15\u201316 December 2020 Meeting Report. 2020;(December):1\u201354. https:\/\/unitaid.org\/assets\/PrEP-innovation-and-implementation-in-Asia-and-the-Pacific-Meeting-Report-2020.pdf."},{"issue":"10","key":"10177_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/26177","volume":"7","author":"E Mpunga","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mpunga E, Persaud N, Akolo C, et al. Readiness for Use of HIV Preexposure Prophylaxis Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in Malawi: Qualitative Focus Group and Interview Study. JMIR public Heal Surveill. 2021;7(10):e26177.","journal-title":"JMIR public Heal Surveill"},{"key":"10177_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carnes N, Zhang J, Gelaude D, Huang YA, Mizuno Y, Hoover KW. Restricting Access: A Secondary Analysis of Scope of Practice Laws and Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Prescribing in the United States, 2017. J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care. 2021;Publish Ah.","DOI":"10.1097\/JNC.0000000000000275"},{"issue":"2","key":"10177_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.25667","volume":"24","author":"J Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang J, Xu J, Wang H, et al. Preference for daily versus on-demand pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV and correlates among men who have sex with men: the China Real-world Oral PrEP Demonstration study. J Int AIDS Soc. 2021;24(2):e25667.","journal-title":"J Int AIDS Soc"},{"issue":"2","key":"10177_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000001791","volume":"79","author":"T Reyniers","year":"2018","unstructured":"Reyniers T, N\u00f6stlinger C, Laga M, et al. Choosing between daily and event-driven pre-exposure prophylaxis: Results of a Belgian PrEP demonstration project. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2018;79(2):186\u201394.","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"issue":"7","key":"10177_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofz287","volume":"6","author":"VJ Cornelisse","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cornelisse VJ, Lal L, Price B, et al. Interest in Switching to On-Demand HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) among Australian Users of Daily PrEP: An Online Survey. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2019;6(7):1\u20135.","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Behavioral Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12529-023-10177-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12529-023-10177-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12529-023-10177-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]],"date-time":"2025-04-09T00:58:48Z","timestamp":1744160328000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12529-023-10177-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,8]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10177"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12529-023-10177-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["1070-5503","1532-7558"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1070-5503","type":"print"},{"value":"1532-7558","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"24 March 2023","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 May 2023","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of all institutional and\/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.\u00a0This study was approved by the Institutional Review Boards at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (#19\u20133481), the Southern Medical University Dermatology Hospital (#2020031), and the Guangzhou Eighth People\u2019s Hospital (#202022155).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in this study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed Consent"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest"}}]}}