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Behav. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) among young adults (i.e., individuals aged 18 \u2013 24) has increased substantially in recent years. Consistent with an established reciprocal model of pain and substance use, evidence demonstrates that pain increases risk for initiation and continued use of e-cigarettes, as well as dual use of e-cigarettes and other tobacco products. Meta-analytic findings also indicate that many young adults experience chronic pain (~\u200912%); however, we are not aware of any prior research examining associations between pain, e-cigarette use, and dependence among young adults.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data was drawn from 10,267 young adults (68% White; 50% Female) aged 18 \u2013 24 who participated in Wave 7 (2022 \u2013 2023) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Logistic regression models indicated that moderate\/severe pain (vs. no\/low pain) was associated with greater odds of lifetime, current, and daily e-cigarette use. Moderate\/severe pain was associated with greater odds of exclusive e-cigarette use, exclusive use of other tobacco products, and dual use of e-cigarettes and other tobacco products. Linear regression analyses further revealed that moderate\/severe pain was positively associated with tobacco dependence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings suggest that moderate\/severe pain may serve as a risk factor for e-cigarette use, dependence, and dual e-cigarette and other tobacco product use among young adults. Future prospective research is needed to clarify temporal precedence in the onset of moderate\/severe pain and e-cigarette use among young adults. Clinical interventions focused on e-cigarette prevention and cessation among young adults with chronic pain may also be warranted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12529-025-10396-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T17:02:13Z","timestamp":1759510933000},"page":"574-583","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Pain is Associated with E-Cigarette Use and Dependence in Young Adults: Findings from Wave 7 (2022\u20132023) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Victoria E.","family":"Carlin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joon Kyung","family":"Nam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grant H.","family":"Ripley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica M.","family":"Powers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexa G.","family":"Deyo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph W.","family":"Ditre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"10396_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2015-3222","volume":"136","author":"RA Etzel","year":"2015","unstructured":"Etzel RA, Wilson KM, Balk SJ, Farber HJ, Groner JA, Moore JE. 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