{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T21:01:12Z","timestamp":1775854872718,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775779200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775779200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001111","name":"Cancer Australia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1186306"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1186306"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001111","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020541","name":"Royal Adelaide Hospital Research Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020541","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Adelaide University"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int.J. Behav. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Anti-PD-1 immunotherapy is routinely used to treat advanced melanoma cancer despite producing therapeutic benefits in less than half of patients. Given that this treatment can be associated with severe adverse effects, researchers are working to develop biomarker-based tests to predict the likely response to treatment. This study aimed to qualitatively explore patients\u2019 views on the value of such tests and how they would affect their treatment decision-making.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Semi-structured interviews were conducted with melanoma patients commencing PD-1 inhibitor therapy (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200914), who were presented with a hypothetical scenario in which a blood-based biomarker prognostic test indicated the likely or unlikely success of anti-PD-1 immunotherapy.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thematic analysis identified three major themes. (1) \u201cMore knowledge is more power\u201d: Perceived value and benefits of the test\u2014all participants reported that such a test would be valuable, regardless of the outcome, as it would provide them with an expectation of treatment success and assist them with their treatment decision-making. (2) \u201cIt depends\u201d: Treatment decisions shaped by test outcome\u2014participants described how the test outcome would affect their decision to undergo PD-1 inhibitor therapy. (3) \u201cFaith in my doctor\u201d: Reliance on doctor\u2019s guidance for treatment decisions\u2014participants stated that their treating doctor\u2019s opinion on their test outcome and subsequent advice would ultimately guide their treatment decision.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Melanoma patients see value in a test to predict anti-PD-1 immunotherapy response. An important consideration when communicating the outcome of this test is ensuring patients can discuss alternative treatment options and their recommendations for the best treatment option with their treating doctor.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12529-026-10451-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T20:14:20Z","timestamp":1775852060000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Patient Views on a Pre-treatment Blood Test to Predict Outcomes Following PD-1 Inhibitor Therapy: A Qualitative Study"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Amy","family":"Jarvis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Vincent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amanda D.","family":"Hutchinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lisa M.","family":"Ebert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael P.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Marker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nadia","family":"Corsini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"10451_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2021.670726","volume":"11","author":"C Trojaniello","year":"2021","unstructured":"Trojaniello C, Luke JJ, Ascierto PA. Therapeutic advancements across clinical stages in melanoma, with a focus on targeted immunotherapy. Front Oncol. 2021;11:670726-. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fonc.2021.670726.","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10451_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-18-0367","volume":"8","author":"SC Wei","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wei SC, Duffy CR, Allison JP. Fundamental mechanisms of immune checkpoint blockade therapy. Cancer Discov. 2018;8(9):1069\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-18-0367.","journal-title":"Cancer Discov"},{"issue":"16","key":"10451_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1535","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1910836","volume":"381","author":"J Larkin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Larkin J, Chiarion-Sileni V, Gonzalez R, Grob J-J, Rutkowski P, Lao CD, et al. Five-year survival with combined nivolumab and ipilimumab in advanced melanoma. N Engl J Med. 2019;381(16):1535\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1910836.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"10451_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(19)30388-2","volume":"20","author":"C Robert","year":"2019","unstructured":"Robert C, Ribas A, Schachter J, Arance A, Grob J-J, Mortier L, et al. Pembrolizumab versus ipilimumab in advanced melanoma (KEYNOTE-006): post-hoc 5-year results from an open-label, multicentre, randomised, controlled, phase 3 study. Lancet Oncol. 2019;20(9):1239\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1470-2045(19)30388-2.","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"10451_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2019.06.012","volume":"64","author":"S Khan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Khan S, Gerber DE. Autoimmunity, checkpoint inhibitor therapy and immune-related adverse events: a review. Semin Cancer Biol. 2020;64:93\u2013101. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.semcancer.2019.06.012.","journal-title":"Semin Cancer Biol"},{"issue":"17","key":"10451_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5191","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-18-1550","volume":"25","author":"SA Weiss","year":"2019","unstructured":"Weiss SA, Wolchok JD, Sznol M. Immunotherapy of melanoma: facts and hopes. Clin Cancer Res. 2019;25(17):5191\u2013201. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-18-1550.","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"10451_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1368","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.17511","volume":"180","author":"JA Fox","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fox JA, Langbecker D, Rosenberg J, Ekberg S. Uncertain diagnosis and prognosis in advanced melanoma: a qualitative study of the experiences of bereaved carers in a time of immune and targeted therapies. Br J Dermatol. 2019;180(6):1368\u201376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bjd.17511.","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10451_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1845","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-018-4443-3","volume":"27","author":"D Levy","year":"2018","unstructured":"Levy D, Dhillon HM, Lomax A, Marthick M, McNeil C, Kao S, et al. Certainty within uncertainty: a qualitative study of the experience of metastatic melanoma patients undergoing pembrolizumab immunotherapy. Support Care Cancer. 2018;27(5):1845\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00520-018-4443-3.","journal-title":"Support Care Cancer"},{"issue":"5","key":"10451_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1097\/cco.0000000000000891","volume":"34","author":"M Langouo Fontsa","year":"2022","unstructured":"Langouo Fontsa M, Padonou F, Willard-Gallo K. Biomarkers and immunotherapy: where are we? Curr Opin Oncol. 2022;34(5):579\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/cco.0000000000000891.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Oncol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10451_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1721","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2004.04.095","volume":"22","author":"RG Hagerty","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hagerty RG, Butow PN, Ellis PA, Lobb EA, Pendlebury S, Leighl N, et al. Cancer patient preferences for communication of prognosis in the metastatic setting. J Clin Oncol. 2004;22(9):1721\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/JCO.2004.04.095.","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10451_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2009.25.0027","volume":"28","author":"L Schapira","year":"2010","unstructured":"Schapira L, Butow P, Brown R, Boyle F. Pessimism is no poison. J Clin Oncol. 2010;28(4):705\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/JCO.2009.25.0027.","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10451_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1007\/s10897-009-9223-2","volume":"18","author":"TM Beran","year":"2009","unstructured":"Beran TM, McCannel TA, Stanton AL, Straatsma BR, Burgess BL. Reactions to and desire for prognostic testing in choroidal melanoma patients. J Genet Couns. 2009;18(3):265\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10897-009-9223-2.","journal-title":"J Genet Couns"},{"issue":"3","key":"10451_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2008.54","volume":"23","author":"SA Cook","year":"2009","unstructured":"Cook SA, Damato B, Marshall E, Salmon P. Psychological aspects of cytogenetic testing of uveal melanoma: preliminary findings and directions for future research. Eye. 2009;23(3):581\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/eye.2008.54.","journal-title":"Eye"},{"issue":"1","key":"10451_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1177\/1525822X05279903","volume":"18","author":"G Guest","year":"2006","unstructured":"Guest G, Bunce A, Johnson L. How many interviews are enough? An experiment with data saturation and variability. Field Methods. 2006;18(1):59\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1525822X05279903.","journal-title":"Field Methods"},{"issue":"3","key":"10451_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1177\/14687941070785","volume":"7","author":"V Dickson-Swift","year":"2007","unstructured":"Dickson-Swift V, James EL, Kippen S, Liamputtong P. Doing sensitive research: what challenges do qualitative researchers face? Qualitative research\u202f: QR. 2007;7(3):327\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/14687941070785.","journal-title":"Qualitative research : QR"},{"issue":"5","key":"10451_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2008.10.008","volume":"23","author":"CB Draucker","year":"2009","unstructured":"Draucker CB, Martsolf DS, Poole C. Developing distress protocols for research on sensitive topics. Arch Psychiatr Nurs. 2009;23(5):343\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apnu.2008.10.008.","journal-title":"Arch Psychiatr Nurs"},{"issue":"9","key":"10451_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1080\/0142159X.2018.1497149","volume":"41","author":"C McGrath","year":"2019","unstructured":"McGrath C, Palmgren PJ, Liljedahl M. Twelve tips for conducting qualitative research interviews. Med Teach. 2019;41(9):1002\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/0142159X.2018.1497149.","journal-title":"Med Teach"},{"key":"10451_CR18","unstructured":"Lumivero. NVivo. 2023. https:\/\/lumivero.com\/products\/nvivo\/."},{"issue":"2","key":"10451_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa","volume":"3","author":"V Braun","year":"2006","unstructured":"Braun V, Clarke V. Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qual Res Psychol. 2006;3(2):77\u2013101. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa.","journal-title":"Qual Res Psychol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10451_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1080\/2159676X.2019.1628806","volume":"11","author":"V Braun","year":"2019","unstructured":"Braun V, Clarke V. Reflecting on reflexive thematic analysis. Qual Res Sport Exerc Health. 2019;11(4):589\u201397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/2159676X.2019.1628806.","journal-title":"Qual Res Sport Exerc Health"},{"issue":"9","key":"10451_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1097\/acm.0000000000000388","volume":"89","author":"BC O\u2019Brien","year":"2014","unstructured":"O\u2019Brien BC, Harris IB, Beckman TJ, Reed DA, Cook DA. Standards for reporting qualitative research: a synthesis of recommendations. Acad Med. 2014;89(9):1245\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/acm.0000000000000388.","journal-title":"Acad Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10451_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1200\/CCI.17.00148","volume":"2","author":"K McAlpine","year":"2018","unstructured":"McAlpine K, Lewis KB, Trevena LJ, Stacey D. What is the effectiveness of patient decision aids for cancer-related decisions? A systematic review subanalysis. JCO Clin Cancer Inform. 2018;2(2):1\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/CCI.17.00148.","journal-title":"JCO Clin Cancer Inform"},{"key":"10451_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2024.102536","volume":"70","author":"P Gougis","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gougis P, Jochum F, Abbar B, Dumas E, Bihan K, Lebrun-Vignes B, et al. Clinical spectrum and evolution of immune-checkpoint inhibitors toxicities over a decade\u2014a worldwide perspective. EClinicalMedicine. 2024;70:102536. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eclinm.2024.102536.","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"issue":"5","key":"10451_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1007\/s40271-023-00635-w","volume":"16","author":"A Livingstone","year":"2023","unstructured":"Livingstone A, Howard K, Menzies AM, Long GV, Stockler MR, Morton RL. Preferences for adjuvant immunotherapy in adults with resected stage III melanoma\u2014a discrete choice experiment. Patient Patient-Centered Outcomes Res. 2023;16(5):497\u2013513. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40271-023-00635-w.","journal-title":"Patient Patient-Centered Outcomes Res"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Behavioral Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12529-026-10451-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12529-026-10451-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12529-026-10451-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T20:14:21Z","timestamp":1775852061000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12529-026-10451-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]]},"references-count":24,"alternative-id":["10451"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12529-026-10451-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1070-5503","1532-7558"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1070-5503","type":"print"},{"value":"1532-7558","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 January 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 March 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 April 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed Consent"}},{"value":"Author MPB received honoraria paid to their institution for advisory board meetings with manufacturers of pembrolizumab (Merck, Sharp, and Dohme) and nivolumab (Bristol-Myers-Squibb), which are used to treat the patients in this study. LME and MPB are co-inventors on International Patent Application PCT\/AU2023\/050654 (\u2018Methods and products for determining responsiveness to anti-PD1 immune checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy\u2019) and Australian Provisional Patent Application 2024903613 (\u2018Markers for determining responsiveness to immune checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy\u2019). Other authors declare no conflict of interest.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}}]}}