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The aim of the study was to determine the impact of the fungi and their toxins on the health status of brown trout (<jats:italic>Salmo trutta<\/jats:italic> morpha <jats:italic>trutta<\/jats:italic>) migrating from the Baltic Sea to the freshwater. Individuals from the wild brown trout population exhibiting ulcerative skin lesions were collected from the S\u0142upia River in Poland and subjected to microbiological, histopathological, and hematological examinations, as well as toxicological analysis for a presence of mycotoxins. The results of microflora isolation from the brown trout skin samples revealed the presence of conditionally pathogenic bacteria and fungi classified by molecular techniques as <jats:italic>Fusarium<\/jats:italic> spp. Toxicological analysis allowed for detection of zearalenone (ZEN) in the liver, kidney, and gastrointestinal tract of the fish. In several cases, there was \u03b1-zearalenone (\u03b1-ZEL) identified at trace levels in the liver, as well as sterigmatocystin and enniatin B at low levels in the kidney and the liver. Histopathological examination revealed the presence of fungal hyphae disrupting the epidermis and penetrating into the necrotic dermis and hypodermis. The decreased values of the blood parameters, i.e., hemoglobin concentration (HGB), packed cell volume (PCV), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and white blood cell count (WBC), were indicative of osmoregulation failure being a consequence of the skin damage. The results of the study provide new information regarding <jats:italic>Fusarium<\/jats:italic> sp<jats:italic>.<\/jats:italic> infection in brown trout and serve as the basis for further research on the potential impact of the fungi and their mycotoxins on the Baltic salmonid population, including their role in ulcerative dermal necrosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12550-020-00395-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,5]],"date-time":"2020-05-05T19:02:59Z","timestamp":1588705379000},"page":"311-318","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Could mycotoxigenic Fusarium sp. play a role in ulcerative dermal necrosis (UDN) of brown trout (Salmo trutta morpha trutta)?"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5515-8329","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agnieszka","family":"P\u0119kala-Safi\u0144ska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5212-2913","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piotr","family":"Jedziniak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9925-2050","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Kycko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3386-9744","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mateusz","family":"Ciepli\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6564-5246","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ewa","family":"Pa\u017adzior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2300-3920","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u0141ukasz","family":"Panasiuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9088-8098","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariusz","family":"Kasprzak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5332-279X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leszek","family":"Jerzak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"395_CR1","first-page":"1","volume":"4","author":"NA Abd El-Ghany","year":"2014","unstructured":"Abd El-Ghany NA, El-Khatib NR, Salama SSA (2014) Causes of mortality in discus fish (Symphysodon) and trials for treatment. 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