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This study investigated the potential protective effect of artichoke leaves powder (ArLP) against the reproductive toxicity induced by AFB\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    in male rats. In a 42-day experiment, rats received either sterile water, 4% DMSO, ArLP (100\u00a0mg\/kg\/body weight), AFB\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    (72\u00a0\u00b5g\/kg\/body weight), or a combination of ArLP and AFB\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    via oral gavage. AFB\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    exposure led to increased oxidative stress, abnormal sperm parameters, hormonal disturbances, elevated prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels and histopathological damage in the testes. Co-administration of ArLP with AFB\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    significantly mitigated these adverse effects, with most parameters approaching values observed in the control groups. These findings suggest that oral administration of ArLP exerts a protective effect against AFB\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    -induced reproductive toxicity in male rats and support its potential use in mitigating toxin-related reproductive damage.\u00a0\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12550-025-00603-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]],"date-time":"2025-08-12T22:38:30Z","timestamp":1755038310000},"page":"597-609","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Protective effects of commercial artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) leaf powder against aflatoxin B1-induced reproductive toxicity in male rats"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Asmaa A.","family":"Aziz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heba","family":"Abdelmegeed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mokhtar I.","family":"Yousef","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Doaa A.","family":"Ghareeb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2117-0677","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abeer","family":"El Wakil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"603_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.47278\/journal.ijvs\/2024.232","volume":"13","author":"RZ Abbas","year":"2024","unstructured":"Abbas RZ, Raketsky V, Munir F, Mustafin B, Aubakirov M (2024) Botanicals in ameliorating mycotoxicosis in poultry. 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