{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,8]],"date-time":"2026-08-08T08:42:45Z","timestamp":1786178565933,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780963200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780963200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006319","name":"Centre National pour la Recherche Scientifique et Technique","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62 UH2C2024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62 UH2C2024"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006319","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mycotoxin Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12550-026-00654-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T16:42:13Z","timestamp":1781023333000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Concentration and prevalence of mycotoxins in poultry feed and poultry products: a global systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-6165-5358","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hanaa","family":"Elkiri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0976-1274","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bouchaib","family":"Bahlaouan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7368-7526","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Houria","family":"Abdelghaffar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2748-3973","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zakaria","family":"Asbai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9295-3735","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Najwa","family":"Hassou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1628-4311","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nadia","family":"Boutaleb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"654_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.56778\/rjslr.v1i2.139","volume":"1","author":"BA Abbas","year":"2023","unstructured":"Abbas BA (2023) Traditional and Non-Traditional Feeds in Poultry Feeding: A review. Radinka J Sci Syst literature Rev 1:111\u2013127. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.56778\/rjslr.v1i2.139","journal-title":"Radinka J Sci Syst literature Rev"},{"key":"654_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Aboolo S, Hamoud M, El- Diasty E, Abd-Elhafeez M (2025) Exploring the relationship between season and mycotoxins in poultry feed and tissues on Behera Province Farms. Egypt J Veterinary Sci 1\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21608\/ejvs.2025.371370.2734","DOI":"10.21608\/ejvs.2025.371370.2734"},{"key":"654_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.01.007","volume":"177","author":"MJ Adegbeye","year":"2020","unstructured":"Adegbeye MJ, Reddy PRK, Chilaka CA et al (2020) Mycotoxin toxicity and residue in animal products: Prevalence, consumer exposure and reduction strategies \u2013 A review. Toxicon 177:96\u2013108. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.01.007","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"654_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104412","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2024.104412","volume":"103","author":"C Adugna","year":"2024","unstructured":"Adugna C, Wang K, Du J, Li C (2024) Deoxynivalenol mycotoxin dietary exposure on broiler performance and small intestine health: A comprehensive meta-analysis. Poult Sci 103:104412. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psj.2024.104412","journal-title":"Poult Sci"},{"key":"654_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1007\/s12550-018-0337-y","volume":"35","author":"OO Akinmusire","year":"2019","unstructured":"Akinmusire OO, El-Yuguda A-D, Musa JA et al (2019) Mycotoxins in poultry feed and feed ingredients in Nigeria. Mycotoxin Res 35:149\u2013155. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12550-018-0337-y","journal-title":"Mycotoxin Res"},{"key":"654_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108511","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2021.108511","volume":"132","author":"AR Alaboudi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Alaboudi AR, Osaili TM, Otoum G (2022) Quantification of mycotoxin residues in domestic and imported chicken muscle, liver and kidney in Jordan. Food Control 132:108511. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.foodcont.2021.108511","journal-title":"Food Control"},{"key":"654_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.54203\/scil.2021.wvj74","volume":"11","author":"N Alahlah","year":"2021","unstructured":"Alahlah N, Maadoudi ME, Bouchriti N et al (2021) Occurrence of Aflatoxin B1 in Animal Feed Collected from the Northeastern Area of Morocco. World\u2019s Veterinary J 11:587\u2013593. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.54203\/scil.2021.wvj74","journal-title":"World\u2019s Veterinary J"},{"key":"654_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.22034\/jchr.2022.1939170.1399","volume":"4","author":"C Awuchi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Awuchi C, Nwozo S, Salihu M et al (2022) Mycotoxins\u2019 Toxicities - from Consumer Health Safety Concerns, to Mitigation\/Treatment Strategies: A Perspective Review. J Chem Health Risks 4:427. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22034\/jchr.2022.1939170.1399","journal-title":"J Chem Health Risks"},{"key":"654_CR9","unstructured":"Baddi M, Nassik S, Alali S, Hraiki AE (2021) Co-occurrence of mycotoxins in poultry feed and feed-ingredients marketed in Morocco. Revue Marocaine des Sciences Agronomiques et V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaires 9"},{"key":"654_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1477","DOI":"10.3390\/life14111477","volume":"14","author":"S-I Beia","year":"2024","unstructured":"Beia S-I, Ion VA, Gagniuc E et al (2024) Detection of Ochratoxin A in Maize and Its Potential Impact on Avian Pathology in Romanian Farms. Life 14:1477. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/life14111477","journal-title":"Life"},{"key":"654_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17041215","volume":"17","author":"N Benkerroum","year":"2020","unstructured":"Benkerroum N (2020) Aflatoxins: Producing-Molds, Structure, Health Issues and Incidence in Southeast Asian and Sub-Saharan African Countries. Int J Environ Res Public Health 17:1215. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph17041215","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"654_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins17040179","volume":"17","author":"M Chelenga","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chelenga M, Matumba L, Sitali MC et al (2025) Are Aflatoxin Residues in Chicken Products a Real or Perceived. Hum Diet Risk? Toxins 17:179. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/toxins17040179","journal-title":"Hum Diet Risk? Toxins"},{"key":"654_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins17010043","volume":"17","author":"H Choi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Choi H, Garavito-Duarte Y, Gormley AR, Kim SW (2025) Aflatoxin B1: Challenges and Strategies for the Intestinal Microbiota and Intestinal Health of Monogastric Animals. Toxins 17:43. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/toxins17010043","journal-title":"Toxins"},{"key":"654_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2025.111151","volume":"172","author":"M El Youssfi","year":"2025","unstructured":"El Youssfi M, El Akhdari S, El Jalil M-H et al (2025) Mycotoxins status in Morocco during the period 2011\u20132024: Monitoring in food and feed, risk assessment and regulation aspects. Food Control 172:111151. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.foodcont.2025.111151","journal-title":"Food Control"},{"key":"654_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.21608\/mvmj.2021.161191","volume":"22","author":"R Elkenany","year":"2021","unstructured":"Elkenany R, Awad A (2021) Types of Mycotoxins and different approaches used for their detection in foodstuffs. Mansoura Veterinary Med J 22:25\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21608\/mvmj.2021.161191","journal-title":"Mansoura Veterinary Med J"},{"key":"654_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2773","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2019.1658570","volume":"60","author":"M Eskola","year":"2020","unstructured":"Eskola M, Kos G, Elliott CT et al (2020) Worldwide contamination of food-crops with mycotoxins: Validity of the widely cited \u2018FAO estimate\u2019 of 25%. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 60:2773\u20132789. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10408398.2019.1658570","journal-title":"Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr"},{"key":"654_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59542","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-021-16136-y","volume":"28","author":"Y Fakhri","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fakhri Y, Sarafraz M, Nematollahi A et al (2021) A global systematic review and meta-analysis of concentration and prevalence of mycotoxins in birds\u2019 egg. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28:59542\u201359550. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11356-021-16136-y","journal-title":"Environ Sci Pollut Res"},{"key":"654_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2013.07.010","author":"Y Fan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fan Y, Zhao L, Ma Q et al (2013) Effects of Bacillus subtilis ANSB060 on growth performance, meat quality and aflatoxin residues in broilers fed moldy peanut meal naturally contaminated with aflatoxins. Food Chem toxicology: Int J published Br Industrial Biol Res Association. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fct.2013.07.010. 59:","journal-title":"Food Chem toxicology: Int J published Br Industrial Biol Res Association"},{"key":"654_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Fouad AM, Ruan D, El Senousey HAK et al (2019) Harmful effects and control strategies of aflatoxin B1 produced by aspergillus flavus and aspergillus parasiticus strains on poultry: Review. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/toxins11030176. Toxins 11:","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins11030176"},{"key":"654_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.3390\/microbiolres16010011","volume":"16","author":"YA Gherbawy","year":"2025","unstructured":"Gherbawy YA, Abdel Fattah KE, Altalhi A et al (2025) Detection of Mycotoxins and Aflatoxigenic Fungi Associated with Compound Poultry Feedstuffs in Saudi Arabia. Microbiol Res 16:11. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/microbiolres16010011","journal-title":"Microbiol Res"},{"key":"654_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gu W, Bao Q, Weng K et al (2023) Effects of T-2 toxin on growth performance, feather quality, tibia development and blood parameters in Yangzhou goslings. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102382. POULTRY SCIENCE 102:","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102382"},{"key":"654_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"929904","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2022.929904","volume":"9","author":"W Hao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hao W, Li A, Wang J et al (2022) Mycotoxin Contamination of Feeds and Raw Materials in China in Year 2021. Front Vet Sci 9:929904. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fvets.2022.929904","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci"},{"key":"654_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4253","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins7104253","volume":"7","author":"A Heussner","year":"2015","unstructured":"Heussner A, Bingle L (2015) Comparative Ochratoxin Toxicity: A Review of the Available Data. Toxins 7:4253\u20134282. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/toxins7104253","journal-title":"Toxins"},{"key":"654_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins14050301","volume":"14","author":"Y Hoffmans","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hoffmans Y, Schaarschmidt S, Fauhl-Hassek C, Van Der Fels-Klerx HJ (2022) Factors during Production of Cereal-Derived Feed That Influence Mycotoxin Contents. Toxins 14:301. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/toxins14050301","journal-title":"Toxins"},{"key":"654_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2016.05.008","volume":"190","author":"E Jahanian","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jahanian E, Mahdavi AH, Asgary S, Jahanian R (2016) Effect of dietary supplementation of mannanoligosaccharides on growth performance, ileal microbial counts, and jejunal morphology in broiler chicks exposed to aflatoxins. Livest Sci 190:123\u2013130. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.livsci.2016.05.008","journal-title":"Livest Sci"},{"key":"654_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins15030214","volume":"15","author":"G Jalilzadeh-Amin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jalilzadeh-Amin G, Dalir-Naghadeh B, Ahmadnejad-Asl-Gavgani M et al (2023) Prevalence and Concentration of Mycotoxins in Animal Feed in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Toxins 15:214. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/toxins15030214","journal-title":"Toxins"},{"key":"654_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6868","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26226868","volume":"26","author":"E Janik","year":"2021","unstructured":"Janik E, Niemcewicz M, Podogrocki M et al (2021) T-2 Toxin\u2014The Most Toxic Trichothecene Mycotoxin: Metabolism, Toxicity, and Decontamination Strategies. Molecules 26:6868. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules26226868","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"654_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.36346\/sarjaf.2025.v07i01.001","volume":"7","author":"SM Jasim","year":"2025","unstructured":"Jasim SM, Hasnawi SF, Abbood HN, Kraidi QA (2025) Mycotoxins in Poultry Feed in Misan Province, the Southern Part of Iraq. South Asian Res J Agri Fish 7:1\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.36346\/sarjaf.2025.v07i01.001","journal-title":"South Asian Res J Agri Fish"},{"key":"654_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2016.02.010","volume":"90","author":"R Jia","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jia R, Ma Q, Fan Y et al (2016) The toxic effects of combined aflatoxins and zearalenone in naturally contaminated diets on laying performance, egg quality and mycotoxins residues in eggs of layers and the protective effect of Bacillus subtilis biodegradation product. Food Chem Toxicol 90:142\u2013150. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fct.2016.02.010","journal-title":"Food Chem Toxicol"},{"key":"654_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.15389\/agrobiology.2021.4.664eng","volume":"56","author":"EA Biotrof+, Yildirim","year":"2021","unstructured":"JSC, Biotrof+, Yildirim EA (2021) Effect of t-2 toxin on expression of genes associated with immunity in tissues of the blind processes of the intestinal and pancreas of broilers (Gallus Gallus L). S-h biol 56:664\u2013681. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15389\/agrobiology.2021.4.664eng","journal-title":"S-h biol"},{"key":"654_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21608\/avmj.2024.336490.1470","author":"HF Kamaly","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kamaly HF, Zaky ZM (2025) Aflatoxins and aflatoxigenic fungi occurrence in animal and poultry feed of assiut governorate farms, egypt. Assiut Veterinary Med J. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21608\/avmj.2024.336490.1470","journal-title":"Assiut Veterinary Med J"},{"key":"654_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.2147\/VMRR.S384148","volume":"13","author":"TS Kassaw","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kassaw TS, Megerssa YC, Woldemariyam FT (2022) Occurrence of Aflatoxins in Poultry Feed in Selected Chicken Rearing Villages of Bishoftu Ethiopia. VMRR Volume 13:277\u2013286. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/VMRR.S384148","journal-title":"VMRR Volume"},{"key":"654_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21608\/jvmr.2024.292311.1100","author":"FA Khalafalla","year":"2024","unstructured":"Khalafalla FA, Saif-Alnasr MM, Hassan AHA (2024) Incidence of Aflatoxins in Poultry Meat and Giblets. J Veterinary Med Res. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21608\/jvmr.2024.292311.1100","journal-title":"J Veterinary Med Res"},{"key":"654_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.emcon.2024.100305","volume":"10","author":"O Kolawole","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kolawole O, Siri-Anusornsak W, Petchkongkaew A, Elliott C (2024) A systematic review of global occurrence of emerging mycotoxins in crops and animal feeds, and their toxicity in livestock. Emerg Contaminants 10:100305. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.emcon.2024.100305","journal-title":"Emerg Contaminants"},{"key":"654_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins8040111","volume":"8","author":"T K\u0151szegi","year":"2016","unstructured":"K\u0151szegi T, Po\u00f3r M (2016) Ochratoxin A: Molecular Interactions, Mechanisms of Toxicity and Prevention at the Molecular Level. Toxins 8:111. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/toxins8040111","journal-title":"Toxins"},{"key":"654_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins16030154","volume":"16","author":"B K\u00f6vesi","year":"2024","unstructured":"K\u00f6vesi B, Kulcs\u00e1r S, Ancsin Z et al (2024) The Effects of T-2 Toxin, Deoxynivalenol, and Fumonisin B1 on Oxidative Stress-Related Genes in the Kidneys of Laying Hens. Toxins 16:154. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/toxins16030154","journal-title":"Toxins"},{"key":"654_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1042\/EBC20220221","volume":"67","author":"RL Latham","year":"2023","unstructured":"Latham RL, Boyle JT, Barbano A et al (2023) Diverse mycotoxin threats to safe food and feed cereals. Essays Biochem 67:797\u2013809. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/EBC20220221","journal-title":"Essays Biochem"},{"key":"654_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22362\/ijcert\/2023\/v10\/i01\/v10i0102","author":"A Lavanya","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lavanya A, Sindhuja S, Gaurav L, Ali W (2023) Features, Strengths, and Weaknesses. Int J Comput Eng Res Trends 10:10\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22362\/ijcert\/2023\/v10\/i01\/v10i0102. A Comprehensive Review of Data Visualization Tools:"},{"key":"654_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2021.108120","volume":"127","author":"S Luo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Luo S, Du H, Kebede H et al (2021) Contamination status of major mycotoxins in agricultural product and food stuff in Europe. Food Control 127:108120. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.foodcont.2021.108120","journal-title":"Food Control"},{"key":"654_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.17221\/109\/2020-VETMED","volume":"65","author":"P Mikula","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mikula P, Blahova J, Honzlova A et al (2020) Occurrence of mycotoxins in complete poultry feeds in the Czech Republic - Multiannual survey (2013\u20132018). Vet Med 65:487\u2013494. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17221\/109\/2020-VETMED","journal-title":"Vet Med"},{"key":"654_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2677","DOI":"10.4314\/ijbcs.v17i7.7","volume":"17","author":"N Minougou","year":"2023","unstructured":"Minougou N, Kabor\u00e9 AB, Savadogo M et al (2023) Assessing the prevalence of aflatoxin B1 in poultry feed in Dakar, Senegal: implications for animal and public health. Int J Biol Chem Sci 17:2677\u20132688. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4314\/ijbcs.v17i7.7","journal-title":"Int J Biol Chem Sci"},{"key":"654_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci4040060","volume":"4","author":"DM Morrison","year":"2017","unstructured":"Morrison DM, Ledoux DR, Chester LFB, Samuels CAN (2017) A Limited Survey of Aflatoxins in Poultry Feed and Feed Ingredients in Guyana. Vet Sci 4:60. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/vetsci4040060","journal-title":"Vet Sci"},{"key":"654_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins11050270","volume":"11","author":"K Nishimwe","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nishimwe K, Bowers E, Ayabagabo JDD et al (2019) Assessment of Aflatoxin and Fumonisin Contamination and Associated Risk Factors in Feed and Feed Ingredients in Rwanda. Toxins 11:270. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/toxins11050270","journal-title":"Toxins"},{"key":"654_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nsiah B, Ofori H, Oduro-Yeboah C et al (2023) Incidences of aflatoxin contaminations in ingredients, feed and products of poultry from two regions in Ghana. Heliyon 9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e22567","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e22567"},{"key":"654_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins13090633","volume":"13","author":"PE Ochieng","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ochieng PE, Scippo M-L, Kemboi DC et al (2021) Mycotoxins in Poultry Feed and Feed Ingredients from Sub-Saharan Africa and Their Impact on the Production of Broiler and Layer Chickens: A Review. Toxins 13:633. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/toxins13090633","journal-title":"Toxins"},{"key":"654_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1007\/s12550-024-00566-x","volume":"41","author":"PE Ochieng","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ochieng PE, Kemboi DC, Okoth S et al (2025) Aflatoxins and fumonisins co-contamination effects on laying hens and use of mycotoxin detoxifiers as a mitigation strategy. Mycotoxin Res 41:63\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12550-024-00566-x","journal-title":"Mycotoxin Res"},{"key":"654_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111701","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.111701","volume":"200","author":"SS Omar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Omar SS (2021) Prevalence, level and health risk assessment of mycotoxins in the fried poultry eggs from Jordan. Environ Res 200:111701. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envres.2021.111701","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"key":"654_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e11017","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2022.e11017","volume":"8","author":"TM Osaili","year":"2022","unstructured":"Osaili TM, Al-Abboodi AR, Awawdeh MAl J SAMAl (2022) Assessment of mycotoxins (deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, aflatoxin B1 and fumonisin B1) in hen\u2019s eggs in Jordan. Heliyon 8:e11017. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.heliyon.2022.e11017","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"654_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1080\/00207233.2024.2360367","volume":"82","author":"FZ Ozi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ozi FZ, Asbai Z, Boutaleb N et al (2025) Natural bioconversion of green waste for tropical and subtropical climates and agriculture-based regions. Int J Environ Stud 82:366\u2013382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00207233.2024.2360367","journal-title":"Int J Environ Stud"},{"key":"654_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1080\/00071660701713534","volume":"48","author":"I Pandey","year":"2007","unstructured":"Pandey I, Chauhan SS (2007) Studies on production performance and toxin residues in tissues and eggs of layer chickens fed on diets with various concentrations of aflatoxin AFB1. Br Poult Sci 48:713\u2013723. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00071660701713534","journal-title":"Br Poult Sci"},{"key":"654_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2024.104303","volume":"103","author":"A Pokoo-Aikins","year":"2024","unstructured":"Pokoo-Aikins A, McDonough CM, Mitchell TR et al (2024) Mycotoxin contamination and the nutritional content of corn targeted for animal feed. Poult Sci 103:104303. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psj.2024.104303","journal-title":"Poult Sci"},{"key":"654_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.12460","volume":"35","author":"L Qi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Qi L, Bai T, Chen Z et al (2015) The p53 mutation spectrum in hepatocellular carcinoma from Guangxi, China: role of chronic hepatitis B virus infection and aflatoxin B1 exposure. Liver Int 35:999\u20131009. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/liv.12460","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"654_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102795","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2023.102795","volume":"102","author":"J Raj","year":"2023","unstructured":"Raj J, Farka\u0161 H, Jakov\u010devi\u0107 Z et al (2023) Effects of supplemented multicomponent mycotoxin detoxifying agent in laying hens fed aflatoxin B1 and T2-toxin contaminated feeds. Poult Sci 102:102795. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psj.2023.102795","journal-title":"Poult Sci"},{"key":"654_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/86.6.1155","volume":"86","author":"V Rezar","year":"2007","unstructured":"Rezar V, Franki\u010d T, Narat M et al (2007) Dose-Dependent Effects of T-2 Toxin on Performance, Lipid Peroxidation, and Genotoxicity in Broiler Chickens. Poult Sci 86:1155\u20131160. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ps\/86.6.1155","journal-title":"Poult Sci"},{"key":"654_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1080\/10937404.2017.1326071","volume":"20","author":"H Robert","year":"2017","unstructured":"Robert H, Payros D, Pinton P et al (2017) Impact of mycotoxins on the intestine: are mucus and microbiota new targets? J Toxicol Environ Health Part B 20:249\u2013275. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10937404.2017.1326071","journal-title":"J Toxicol Environ Health Part B"},{"key":"654_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Salah AS, El-Tarabany MS, Mostafa M et al (2025) Impact of dietary Spirulina on performance, antioxidant status, carcass traits and pathological alteration in broilers exposed to ochratoxin A stress. Front Vet Sci 11. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fvets.2024.1532353","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2024.1532353"},{"key":"654_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113921","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2023.113921","volume":"178","author":"H Sharafi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sharafi H, Alizadeh N, Moradi M et al (2023) The prevalence and concentration of ochratoxin A in meat and edible offal: A global systematic review and meta-analysis. Food Chem Toxicol 178:113921. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fct.2023.113921","journal-title":"Food Chem Toxicol"},{"key":"654_CR58","first-page":"2229","volume":"7","author":"A Sifou","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sifou A, Mahnine N, Manyes L et al (2016) Determination of Ochratoxin A in poultry feeds available in Rabat area (Morocco) by High Performance Liquid Chromatography. J Mater Environ Sci 7:2229\u20132234","journal-title":"J Mater Environ Sci"},{"key":"654_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.24425\/pjvs.2023.145060","volume":"26","author":"A Sohrabi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sohrabi A, Movassaghghazani MH, Shayegh J et al (2023) The occurrence and seasonal variation of aflatoxin B1 and zearalenone concentrations in poultry feeds. Pol J Vet Sci 26:541\u2013548. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24425\/pjvs.2023.145060","journal-title":"Pol J Vet Sci"},{"key":"654_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121784","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2023.121784","volume":"330","author":"W Song","year":"2023","unstructured":"Song W, Wang Y, Huang T et al (2023) T-2 toxin metabolism and its hepatotoxicity: New insights on the molecular mechanism and detoxification. Environ Pollut 330:121784. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envpol.2023.121784","journal-title":"Environ Pollut"},{"key":"654_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1080\/00439339.2022.2090887","volume":"78","author":"MA Tahir","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tahir MA, Abbas A, Muneeb M et al (2022) Ochratoxicosis in poultry: occurrence, environmental factors, pathological alterations and amelioration strategies. World\u2019s Poult Sci J 78:727\u2013749. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00439339.2022.2090887","journal-title":"World\u2019s Poult Sci J"},{"key":"654_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70025","DOI":"10.1111\/1541-4337.70025","volume":"23","author":"HJ van der Fels-Klerx","year":"2024","unstructured":"van der Fels-Klerx HJ, van Asselt ED, van Leeuwen SPJ et al (2024) Prioritization of chemical food safety hazards in the European feed supply chain. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 23:e70025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1541-4337.70025","journal-title":"Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf"},{"key":"654_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-51689-1","volume":"14","author":"J V\u00f6r\u00f6sh\u00e1zi","year":"2024","unstructured":"V\u00f6r\u00f6sh\u00e1zi J, Mackei M, Seb\u0151k C et al (2024) Investigation of the effects of T-2 toxin in chicken-derived three-dimensional hepatic cell cultures. Sci Rep 14:1195. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-024-51689-1","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"654_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins10110477","volume":"10","author":"L Wang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wang L, Zhang Q, Yan Z et al (2018) Occurrence and Quantitative Risk Assessment of Twelve Mycotoxins in Eggs and Chicken Tissues in China. Toxins 10:477. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/toxins10110477","journal-title":"Toxins"},{"key":"654_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70354","DOI":"10.1111\/1541-4337.70354","volume":"25","author":"H Yan","year":"2026","unstructured":"Yan H, Sun J, Fu X et al (2026) Climate Change: An Inevitable Factor in Reshaping the Contamination Level of Fungi and Mycotoxins. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 25:e70354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1541-4337.70354","journal-title":"Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf"},{"key":"654_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yin H, Han S, Chen Y et al (2020) T-2 Toxin Induces Oxidative Stress, Apoptosis and Cytoprotective Autophagy in Chicken Hepatocytes. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/toxins12020090. Toxins 12:","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins12020090"},{"key":"654_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.5897\/JTEHS11.072","volume":"4","author":"M Zaki","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zaki M (2012) Mycotoxins in animals: Occurrence, effects, prevention and management. J Toxicol Environ Health Sci 4:13\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5897\/JTEHS11.072","journal-title":"J Toxicol Environ Health Sci"}],"container-title":["Mycotoxin Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12550-026-00654-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12550-026-00654-0","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12550-026-00654-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,8]],"date-time":"2026-08-08T08:04:15Z","timestamp":1786176255000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12550-026-00654-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["654"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12550-026-00654-0","relation":{"references":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.22362\/ijcert\/2023\/v10\/i01\/v10i0102","asserted-by":"subject"}]},"ISSN":["0178-7888","1867-1632"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0178-7888","type":"print"},{"value":"1867-1632","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 January 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 April 2026","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 June 2026","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 June 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"44"}}