{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T09:29:40Z","timestamp":1793957380611,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":129,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790208000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790208000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010661","name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["grant number: 101136649 (UP-RISE project)."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["grant number: 101136649 (UP-RISE project)."]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mycotoxin Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Mycotoxins threaten food safety, public health, and trade in Africa, where cereals are staple foods largely produced and consumed through informal systems. This scoping review synthesizes evidence on pre- and post-harvest mycotoxin management in African cereal systems and translates it into an integrated adaptive framework for policy and practice. A structured literature search conducted in Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Scopus identified 9,817 records, of which 33 primary studies met the eligibility criteria. The included studies covered interventions across the cereal value chain, including biocontrol, chemical pest management, drying, storage, and processing practices. Biocontrol interventions, particularly atoxigenic\n                    <jats:italic>Aspergillus flavus<\/jats:italic>\n                    products such as Aflasafe reduced aflatoxin levels by 60\u2013100% across the reviewed studies, with long-term field evidence showing that more than 95% of treated grains remained below 20\u00a0\u00b5g\/kg in Nigeria and 75% below 4\u00a0\u00b5g\/kg in Senegal. Bt maize also reduced fumonisin contamination by approximately 74% in South Africa. Post-harvest interventions, including improved drying, hermetic storage, sorting, and HACCP-based processing, achieved variable but substantial reductions, with hand sorting reducing aflatoxin B1 and fumonisin B1 to less than 6% and 5% of initial levels, respectively, and HACCP-based processing reducing aflatoxins to below 5\u00a0\u00b5g\/kg. However, persistent constraints, including climate variability, limited infrastructure, low awareness, gender inequities, informal market dominance, and fragmented regulatory frameworks, continue to limit large-scale effectiveness. These findings informed an Integrated Adaptive Mycotoxin Management Framework grounded in a One Health perspective to support sustainable mycotoxin risk reduction in African cereals.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12550-026-00673-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T06:36:28Z","timestamp":1790231788000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["An integrated adaptive framework for mycotoxin management in African cereals: evidence from a scoping review"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Vioutou E. C.","family":"Coffi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kokeb","family":"Tesfamariam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ogouy\u00f4m Herbert","family":"Iko Af\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"No\u00ebl","family":"Akisso\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"De Saeger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. Sylvain","family":"Dabad\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"673_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2013.10.003","volume":"62","author":"WA Abia","year":"2013","unstructured":"Abia WA, Warth B, Sulyok M, Krska R, Tchana A, Njobeh PB, Turner PC, Kouanfack C, Eyongetah M, Dutton M, Moundipa PF (2013) Bio-monitoring of mycotoxin exposure in Cameroon using a urinary multi-biomarker approach. Food Chem Toxicol 62:927\u2013934. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fct.2013.10.003","journal-title":"Food Chem Toxicol"},{"issue":"4","key":"673_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1527","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-78030-6_31","volume":"2","author":"OK Achi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Achi OK, Asamudo NU (2019) Cereal-Based Fermented Foods of Africa as Functional Foods. Ref Ser Phytochemistry 2(4):1527\u20131558. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-78030-6_31","journal-title":"Ref Ser Phytochemistry"},{"issue":"September 2020","key":"673_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2020.107620","volume":"121","author":"O Ademola","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ademola O, Saha Turna N, Liverpool-Tasie LSO, Obadina A, Wu F (2021) Mycotoxin reduction through lactic acid fermentation: evidence from commercial ogi processors in southwest Nigeria. Food Control 121(September 2020):107620. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.foodcont.2020.107620","journal-title":"Food Control"},{"issue":"8","key":"673_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5779","DOI":"10.1080\/10406638.2021.1957952","volume":"42","author":"SAO Adeyeye","year":"2022","unstructured":"Adeyeye SAO, Ashaolu TJ, Idowu-Adebayo F (2022) Mycotoxins: Food Safety, Consumer Health and Africa\u2019s Food Security. Polycycl Aromat Compd 42(8):5779\u20135795. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10406638.2021.1957952","journal-title":"Polycycl Aromat Compd"},{"issue":"6","key":"673_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2020","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1010537","volume":"18","author":"WB Adisasmito","year":"2022","unstructured":"Adisasmito WB, Almuhairi S, Behravesh CB, Bilivogui P, Bukachi SA, Casas N, Becerra NC, Charron DF, Chaudhary A, Ciacci Zanella JR, Cunningham AA, Dar O, Debnath N, Dungu B, Farag E, Gao GF, Hayman DTS, Khaitsa M, Koopmans MPG, Cediel Becerra N, Machalaba C, Mackenzie JS, Markotter W, Mettenleiter TC, Morand S, Smolenskiy V, Zhou L (2022) One health: a new definition for a sustainable and healthy future. PLoS Pathog 18(6):2020\u20132023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1010537","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"673_CR6","unstructured":"African Union Commission (2022) Guide to the African Union"},{"issue":"May","key":"673_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocontrol.2020.104351","volume":"150","author":"D Agbetiameh","year":"2020","unstructured":"Agbetiameh D, Ortega-Beltran A, Awuah RT, Atehnkeng J, Elzein A, Cotty PJ, Bandyopadhyay R (2020) Field efficacy of two atoxigenic biocontrol products for mitigation of aflatoxin contamination in maize and groundnut in Ghana. Biol Control 150(May):104351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biocontrol.2020.104351","journal-title":"Biol Control"},{"issue":"34","key":"673_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12849","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.3c04846","volume":"71","author":"M Aggarwal","year":"2023","unstructured":"Aggarwal M, Sahoo P, Saha S, Das P (2023) Machine learning-mediated ultrasensitive detection of citrinin and associated mycotoxins in real food samples discerned from a photoluminescent carbon dot barcode array. J Agric Food Chem 71(34):12849\u201312858. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.jafc.3c04846","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem"},{"issue":"03","key":"673_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.4236\/jep.2012.33030","volume":"03","author":"C Ahouangninou","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ahouangninou C, Martin T, Edorh P, Bio-Bangana S, Samuel O, St-Laurent L, Dion S, Fayomi B (2012) Characterization of Health and Environmental Risks of Pesticide Use in Market-Gardening in the Rural City of Tori-Bossito in Benin, West Africa. J Environ Prot 03(03):241\u2013248. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4236\/jep.2012.33030","journal-title":"J Environ Prot"},{"issue":"3","key":"673_CR10","first-page":"9665","volume":"15","author":"PDO Akanle","year":"2017","unstructured":"Akanle PhD O, Adesina PhD JO, Ademuson AO (2017) Gender paradoxes and agricultural monopoly in Nigeria: implications for policy and food (in)security in Africa. Gender & Behaviour 15(3), 9665\u20139677. https:\/\/www.proquest.com\/scholarly-journals\/gender-paradoxes-agricultural-monopoly-nigeria\/docview\/2113736155\/se-2?accountid=36937%0Ahttps:\/\/media.proquest.com\/media\/hms\/PFT\/1\/xpBD7?_a=ChgyMDIzMDQxNzAyMjYyNzIyNjo3MTg3ODUSBTY2NjIwGgpPTkVfU0VBUkNIIg0xODEuNj","journal-title":"Gender & Behaviour"},{"issue":"11","key":"673_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.4236\/ojapps.2018.811041","volume":"08","author":"JO Akowuah","year":"2018","unstructured":"Akowuah JO, Maier D, Opit G, McNeill S, Amstrong P, Campabadal C, Ambrose K, Obeng-Akrofi G (2018) Drying Temperature Effect on Kernel Damage and Viability of Maize Dried in a Solar Biomass Hybrid Dryer. Open J Appl Sci 08(11):506\u2013517. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4236\/ojapps.2018.811041","journal-title":"Open J Appl Sci"},{"key":"673_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins11120716","author":"S Anitha","year":"2019","unstructured":"Anitha S, Tsusaka TW, Njoroge SMC, Kumwenda N, Kachulu L, Maruwo J, MacHinjiri N, Botha R, Msere HW, Masumba J, Tavares A, Heinrich GM, Siambi M, Okori P (2019) Knowledge, attitude and practice of Malawian farmers on pre- and post-harvest crop management to mitigate aflatoxin contamination in groundnut, maize and sorghum-implication for behavioral change. Toxins (Basel). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/toxins11120716","journal-title":"Toxins (Basel)"},{"key":"673_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocontrol.2014.02.009","volume":"72","author":"J Atehnkeng","year":"2014","unstructured":"Atehnkeng J, Ojiambo PS, Cotty PJ, Bandyopadhyay R (2014) Field efficacy of a mixture of atoxigenic Aspergillus flavus Link: FR vegetative compatibility groups in preventing aflatoxin contamination in maize (Zea mays L). Biol Control 72:62\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biocontrol.2014.02.009","journal-title":"Biol Control"},{"issue":"November","key":"673_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.1049013","volume":"13","author":"J Atehnkeng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Atehnkeng J, Ojiambo PS, Ortega-Beltran A, Augusto J, Cotty PJ, Bandyopadhyay R (2022) Impact of frequency of application on the long-term efficacy of the biocontrol product Aflasafe in reducing aflatoxin contamination in maize. Front Microbiol 13(November):1\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2022.1049013","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"673_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Attrey DP (2017) Role of risk analysis and risk communication in food safety management. Food Safety in the 21st Century: Public Health Perspective, (2015), 53\u201368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/B978-0-12-801773-9.00005-4","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-801773-9.00005-4"},{"key":"673_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1501924","author":"J Augusto","year":"2024","unstructured":"Augusto J, Atehnkeng J, Ortega-Beltran A, Cotty PJ, Bandyopadhyay R (2024) Keeping toxigenic Aspergillus section Flavi and aflatoxin contamination at bay by deploying atoxigenic-based biocontrol products during production of groundnut and maize in Mozambique. Front Microbiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1501924","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"673_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bandyopadhyay R, Akande A, Mutegi C, Atehnkeng J, Kaptoge L, Senghor AL (2016) Biological control of aflatoxins in Africa: current status and potential challenges in the face of climate change Abstract 9(5):771\u2013789. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3920\/WMJ2016.2130","DOI":"10.3920\/WMJ2016.2130"},{"issue":"November","key":"673_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.02528","volume":"10","author":"R Bandyopadhyay","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bandyopadhyay R, Atehnkeng J, Ortega-Beltran A, Akande A, Falade TDO, Cotty PJ (2019) Ground-Truthing Efficacy of Biological Control for Aflatoxin Mitigation in Farmers\u2019 Fields in Nigeria: From Field Trials to Commercial Usage, a 10-Year Study. Front Microbiol 10(November):1\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2019.02528","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"673_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jspr.2016.05.005","volume":"69","author":"IB Baoua","year":"2016","unstructured":"Baoua IB, Amadou L, Bakoye ON, Abdoulaye O, Baributsa D, Murdock LL (2016) Maize quality in markets in four West African countries. J Stored Prod Res 69:26\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jspr.2016.05.005","journal-title":"J Stored Prod Res"},{"key":"673_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cofs.2016.08.009","volume":"11","author":"P Battilani","year":"2016","unstructured":"Battilani P (2016) Recent advances in modeling the risk of mycotoxin contamination in crops. Curr Opin Food Sci 11:10\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cofs.2016.08.009","journal-title":"Curr Opin Food Sci"},{"key":"673_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compag.2013.03.005","volume":"94","author":"P Battilani","year":"2013","unstructured":"Battilani P, Camardo Leggieri M, Rossi V, Giorni P (2013) AFLA-maize, a mechanistic model for Aspergillus flavus infection and aflatoxin B1 contamination in maize. Comput Electron Agric 94:38\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compag.2013.03.005","journal-title":"Comput Electron Agric"},{"issue":"4","key":"673_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1007\/s12571-020-01076-1","volume":"12","author":"C B\u00e9n\u00e9","year":"2020","unstructured":"B\u00e9n\u00e9 C (2020) Resilience of local food systems and links to food security \u2013 A review of some important concepts in the context of COVID-19 and other shocks. Food Secur 12(4):805\u2013822. https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12571-020-01076-1","journal-title":"Food Secur"},{"key":"673_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s44279-024-00141-z","author":"J Beyuo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Beyuo J, Sackey LNA, Yeboah C, Kayoung PY, Koudadje D (2024) The implications of pesticide residue in food crops on human health: a critical review. Discov Agric. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s44279-024-00141-z","journal-title":"Discov Agric"},{"issue":"1","key":"673_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s43170-024-00313-3","volume":"5","author":"S Bonkoungou","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bonkoungou S, Dagno K, Basso A, Ekanao T, Atehnkeng J, Agbetiameh D, Neya A, Toure M, Tiendrebeogo A, Konate M, Outani B, Konlambigue M, Callicott KA, Cotty PJ, Dieng I, Falade TDO, Bandyopadhyay R, Ortega-Beltran A (2024) Mitigation of aflatoxin contamination of maize, groundnut, and sorghum by commercial biocontrol products in farmers\u2019 fields across Burkina Faso, Mali, Niger, and Togo. CABI Agric Bioscience 5(1):1\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s43170-024-00313-3","journal-title":"CABI Agric Bioscience"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"673_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2011.12.014","volume":"173","author":"WL Bryden","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bryden WL (2012) Mycotoxin contamination of the feed supply chain: Implications for animal productivity and feed security. Anim Feed Sci Technol 173(1\u20132):134\u2013158. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2011.12.014","journal-title":"Anim Feed Sci Technol"},{"issue":"3","key":"673_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.3920\/WMJ2022.2827","volume":"16","author":"C Cervini","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cervini C, Abegaz B, Mohammed A, Elias R, Medina A, Gebre K, Verheecke-Vaessen C (2023) Assessment of agricultural practices by Ethiopian women farmers: existence of gender disparities in access to mycotoxins training. World Mycotoxin J 16(3):227\u2013238. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3920\/WMJ2022.2827","journal-title":"World Mycotoxin J"},{"issue":"3","key":"673_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1071\/EA06101","volume":"48","author":"YS Chauhan","year":"2008","unstructured":"Chauhan YS, Wright GC, Rachaputi NC (2008) Modelling climatic risks of aflatoxin contamination in maize. Aust J Exp Agric 48(3):358\u2013366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1071\/EA06101","journal-title":"Aust J Exp Agric"},{"key":"673_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fcr.2015.03.024","volume":"178","author":"Y Chauhan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chauhan Y, Tatnell J, Krosch S, Karanja J, Gnonlonfin B, Wanjuki I, Wainaina J, Harvey J (2015) An improved simulation model to predict pre-harvest aflatoxin risk in maize. Field Crops Res 178:91\u201399. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fcr.2015.03.024","journal-title":"Field Crops Res"},{"key":"673_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chilaka CA, Mally A (2020) Mycotoxin occurrence, exposure and health implications in infants and young children in sub-saharan africa: a review. Foods 9(11). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/foods9111585","DOI":"10.3390\/foods9111585"},{"issue":"7","key":"673_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins14070442","volume":"14","author":"CA Chilaka","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chilaka CA, Obidiegwu JE, Chilaka AC, Atanda OO, Mally A (2022) Mycotoxin Regulatory Status in Africa: A Decade of Weak Institutional Efforts. Toxins 14(7):1\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/toxins14070442","journal-title":"Toxins"},{"issue":"5","key":"673_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1080\/19440040903573032","volume":"27","author":"SN Chulze","year":"2010","unstructured":"Chulze SN (2010) Strategies to reduce mycotoxin levels in maize during storage: A review. Food Addit Contaminants - Part A 27(5):651\u2013657. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/19440040903573032","journal-title":"Food Addit Contaminants - Part A"},{"key":"673_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jspr.2018.11.012","volume":"81","author":"JK Danso","year":"2019","unstructured":"Danso JK, Osekre EA, Opit GP, Arthur FH, Campbell JF, Mbata G, Manu N, Armstrong P, McNeill SG (2019) Impact of storage structures on moisture content, insect pests and mycotoxin levels of maize in Ghana. J Stored Prod Res 81:114\u2013120. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jspr.2018.11.012","journal-title":"J Stored Prod Res"},{"key":"673_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jafr.2021.100185","volume":"5","author":"H De Groote","year":"2021","unstructured":"De Groote H, Githinji PG, Munya BG, Ricker-Gilbert JE (2021) Economics of open-air sun drying in the maize value chain of Kenya. J Agric Food Res 5:100185. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jafr.2021.100185","journal-title":"J Agric Food Res"},{"key":"673_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dodds B, In S, Science A (2020) Advances in postharvest management of cereals and grains. In Advances in postharvest management of cereals and grains. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1201\/9781003047988","DOI":"10.1201\/9781003047988"},{"key":"673_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"EFSA (2017) Risks to human and animal health related to the presence of deoxynivalenol and its acetylated and modified forms in food and feed. EFSA J 15(9). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2903\/j.efsa.2017.4718","DOI":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2017.4718"},{"key":"673_CR36","unstructured":"Egwim E, Amanabo M, Y. A., B. M\u00a0(2013) Nigerian indigenous fermented foods: processes and prospects. Intech 11(tourism):13. https:\/\/www.intechopen.com\/books\/advanced-biometric-technologies\/liveness-detection-in-biometrics"},{"key":"673_CR37","unstructured":"El-shal A, Morsy H (2020) Explaining firm-level gender productivity differential in Africa 1:1\u201351"},{"issue":"16","key":"673_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2773","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2019.1658570","volume":"60","author":"M Eskola","year":"2020","unstructured":"Eskola M, Kos G, Elliott CT, Haj\u0161lov\u00e1 J, Mayar S, Krska R (2020) Worldwide contamination of food-crops with mycotoxins: Validity of the widely cited \u2018FAO estimate\u2019 of 25%. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 60(16):2773\u20132789. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10408398.2019.1658570","journal-title":"Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr"},{"issue":"1","key":"673_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2014.08.018","volume":"60","author":"CN Ezekiel","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ezekiel CN, Abia WA, Ogara IM, Sulyok M, Warth B, Krska R (2015) Fate of mycotoxins in two popular traditional cereal-based beverages (kunu-zaki and pito) from rural Nigeria. Lwt 60(1):137\u2013141. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lwt.2014.08.018","journal-title":"Lwt"},{"issue":"2","key":"673_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1111\/1541-4337.12329","volume":"17","author":"CN Ezekiel","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ezekiel CN, Ayeni KI, Misihairabgwi JM, Somorin YM, Chibuzor-Onyema IE, Oyedele OA, Abia WA, Sulyok M, Shephard GS, Krska R (2018) Traditionally Processed Beverages in Africa: A Review of the Mycotoxin Occurrence Patterns and Exposure Assessment. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 17(2):334\u2013351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1541-4337.12329","journal-title":"Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf"},{"issue":"3","key":"673_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2004.07.007","volume":"98","author":"P Fandohan","year":"2005","unstructured":"Fandohan P, Zoumenou D, Hounhouigan DJ, Marasas WFO, Wingfield MJ, Hell K (2005) Fate of aflatoxins and fumonisins during the processing of maize into food products in Benin. Int J Food Microbiol 98(3):249\u2013259. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2004.07.007","journal-title":"Int J Food Microbiol"},{"key":"673_CR42","unstructured":"FAO STAT (2022) Production of cereals in the world from 2012\u20132022. 7823\u20137830. https:\/\/www.fao.org\/faostat\/fr\/#data\/QCL"},{"key":"673_CR43","unstructured":"FAO (2011) The state of food and agriculture 2010\u20132011. https:\/\/www.fao.org\/4\/i2050e\/i2050e00.htm"},{"issue":"2","key":"673_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.17508\/cjfst.2019.11.2.09","volume":"11","author":"SO Fapohunda","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fapohunda SO, Adewunmi AA (2019) Climate change and mycotoxins. Croatian J Food Sci Technol 11(2):283\u2013290. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17508\/cjfst.2019.11.2.09","journal-title":"Croatian J Food Sci Technol"},{"key":"673_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins13080572","author":"F Fumagalli","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fumagalli F, Ottoboni M, Pinotti L, Cheli F (2021) Integrated mycotoxin management system in the feed supply chain: innovative approaches. Toxins (Basel). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/toxins13080572","journal-title":"Toxins (Basel)"},{"key":"673_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fundikira S, Kimanya M, Suleiman R, Boevre M, De, Tesfamariam K, Saeger S, De (2025) Effect of Aflasafe TZ01 \u00ae on aflatoxin reduction and emerging challenges with fusarium mycotoxins in maize from rural Tanzania 1\u201315","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins17080419"},{"issue":"June","key":"673_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2022.109193","volume":"141","author":"LA Gbadegesin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gbadegesin LA, Ayeni EA, Tettey CK, Uyanga VA, Aluko OO, Ahiakpa JK, Okoye CO, Mbadianya JI, Adekoya MA, Aminu RO, Oyawole FP, Odufuwa P (2022) GMOs in Africa: status, adoption and public acceptance. Food Control 141(June):109193. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.foodcont.2022.109193","journal-title":"Food Control"},{"key":"673_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gbashi S, Edwin Madala N, De Saeger S, De Boevre M, Adekoya I, Adebo A, O., Njobeh B, P (2019) The socio-economic impact of mycotoxin contamination in africa. mycotoxins - impact manage strategies 3\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5772\/intechopen.79328","DOI":"10.5772\/intechopen.79328"},{"key":"673_CR49","unstructured":"Grace D, Bonfoh B, Barbara H, Maurer JJ, Tech V, States U (2019) Editorial: Food safety in low- and middle-income countries"},{"issue":"February","key":"673_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fsufs.2020.617009","volume":"4","author":"U Grote","year":"2021","unstructured":"Grote U, Fasse A, Nguyen TT, Erenstein O (2021) Food Security and the Dynamics of Wheat and Maize Value Chains in Africa and Asia. Front Sustainable Food Syst 4(February):1\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fsufs.2020.617009","journal-title":"Front Sustainable Food Syst"},{"issue":"2","key":"673_CR51","first-page":"129","volume":"31","author":"M Gueye","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gueye M, Goergen G, Ndiaye S, Asiedu E, Wathelet J, Lognay G, Seck D (2013) Efficiency of Traditional Maize Storage and Control Methods in Rural Grain Granaries: a Case Study from Senegal. Tropicultura 31(2):129\u2013136","journal-title":"Tropicultura"},{"issue":"2","key":"673_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.4314\/ijbcs.v14i2.19","volume":"14","author":"PS Gueye","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gueye PS, Labou B, Diatte M, Diarra K (2020) La mauvaise pratique phytosanitaire, principale source de contamination du chou au S\u00e9n\u00e9gal. Int J Biol Chem Sci 14(2):539\u2013554. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4314\/ijbcs.v14i2.19","journal-title":"Int J Biol Chem Sci"},{"issue":"12","key":"673_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12121984","volume":"12","author":"M Hegarty-Craver","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hegarty-Craver M, Polly J, O\u2019Neil M, Ujeneza N, Rineer J, Beach RH, Lapidus D, Temple DS (2020) Remote crop mapping at scale: Using satellite imagery and UAV-acquired data as ground truth. Remote Sens 12(12):1\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs12121984","journal-title":"Remote Sens"},{"key":"673_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2016.04.038","volume":"69","author":"M Hove","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hove M, De Boevre M, Lachat C, Jacxsens L, Nyanga LK, De Saeger S (2016) Occurrence and risk assessment of mycotoxins in subsistence farmed maize from Zimbabwe. Food Control 69:36\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.foodcont.2016.04.038","journal-title":"Food Control"},{"issue":"1","key":"673_CR55","first-page":"40","volume":"2","author":"A Hussen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hussen A (2021) Impact of grain storage method on sorghum grain quality in Ethiopia: A review. J Curr Res Food Sci 2(1):40\u201345 www.foodresearchjournal.com","journal-title":"J Curr Res Food Sci"},{"key":"673_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Imami D, Valentinov V, Skreli E (2021) Food safety and value chain coordination in the context of a transition economy: the role of agricultural cooperatives. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5334\/ijc.1039","DOI":"10.5334\/ijc.1039"},{"issue":"11","key":"673_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1283","DOI":"10.1080\/02652030701416558","volume":"24","author":"B James","year":"2007","unstructured":"James B, Adda C, Cardwell K, Annang D, Hell K, Korie S, Edorh M, Gbeassor F, Nagatey K, Houenou G (2007) Public information campaign on aflatoxin contamination of maize grains in market stores in Benin, Ghana and Togo. Food Addit Contam 24(11):1283\u20131291. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02652030701416558","journal-title":"Food Addit Contam"},{"issue":"3","key":"673_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.3920\/WMJ2018.2345","volume":"11","author":"AM Johnson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Johnson AM, Fulton JR, Abdoulaye T, Ayedun B, Widmar NJO, Akande A, Bandyopadhyay R, Manyong V (2018) Aflatoxin awareness and Aflasafe adoption potential of Nigerian smallholder maize farmers. World Mycotoxin J 11(3):437\u2013446. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3920\/WMJ2018.2345","journal-title":"World Mycotoxin J"},{"issue":"2","key":"673_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins11020109","volume":"11","author":"V Kagot","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kagot V, Okoth S, De Boevre M, De Saeger S (2019) Biocontrol of aspergillus and fusarium mycotoxins in Africa: benefits and limitations. Toxins (Basel) 11(2):1\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/toxins11020109","journal-title":"Toxins (Basel)"},{"key":"673_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2015.02.002","volume":"54","author":"A Kamala","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kamala A, Ortiz J, Kimanya M, Haesaert G, Donoso S, Tiisekwa B, De Meulenaer B (2015) Multiple mycotoxin co-occurrence in maize grown in three agro-ecological zones of Tanzania. Food Control 54:208\u2013215. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.foodcont.2015.02.002","journal-title":"Food Control"},{"issue":"4","key":"673_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1007\/s12550-016-0257-7","volume":"32","author":"P Karlovsky","year":"2016","unstructured":"Karlovsky P, Suman M, Berthiller F, De Meester J, Eisenbrand G, Perrin I, Oswald IP, Speijers G, Chiodini A, Recker T, Dussort P (2016) Impact of food processing and detoxification treatments on mycotoxin contamination. Mycotoxin Res 32(4):179\u2013205. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12550-016-0257-7","journal-title":"Mycotoxin Res"},{"key":"673_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2019.106975","volume":"110","author":"H Kebede","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kebede H, Liu X, Jin J, Xing F (2020) Current status of major mycotoxins contamination in food and feed in Africa. Food Control 110:106975. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.foodcont.2019.106975","journal-title":"Food Control"},{"key":"673_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cofs.2020.12.012","volume":"39","author":"D Khodaei","year":"2021","unstructured":"Khodaei D, Javanmardi F, Khaneghah AM (2021) The global overview of the occurrence of mycotoxins in cereals: a three-year survey. Curr Opin Food Sci 39:36\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cofs.2020.12.012","journal-title":"Curr Opin Food Sci"},{"key":"673_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cofs.2015.11.005","volume":"6","author":"ME Kimanya","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kimanya ME (2015) The health impacts of mycotoxins in the eastern Africa region. Curr Opin Food Sci 6:7\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cofs.2015.11.005","journal-title":"Curr Opin Food Sci"},{"issue":"10","key":"673_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.17221\/2200-pse","volume":"53","author":"K Klem","year":"2007","unstructured":"Klem K, V\u00e1\u0148ov\u00e1 M, Haj\u0161lov\u00e1 J, Lancov\u00e1 K, Sehnalov\u00e1 M (2007) A neural network model for prediction of deoxynivalenol content in wheat grain based on weather data and preceding crop. Plant Soil Environ 53(10):421\u2013429. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17221\/2200-pse","journal-title":"Plant Soil Environ"},{"key":"673_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/7\/3\/034032","author":"J Knox","year":"2012","unstructured":"Knox J, Hess T, Daccache A, Wheeler T (2012) Climate change impacts on crop productivity in Africa and South Asia. Environ Res Lett. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1748-9326\/7\/3\/034032","journal-title":"Environ Res Lett"},{"key":"673_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s44187-025-00286-w","author":"OAB Koumassa","year":"2025","unstructured":"Koumassa OAB, Ou\u00e9tch\u00e9hou R, Hounsou M, Zannou O, Dabad\u00e9 DS (2025) Factors influencing street \u2011 vended foods quality and safety in developing countries: a review. Discover Food. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s44187-025-00286-w","journal-title":"Discover Food"},{"key":"673_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11030679","author":"W Laskowski","year":"2019","unstructured":"Laskowski W, G\u00f3rska-Warsewicz H, Rejman K, Czeczotko M, Zwoli\u0144ska J (2019) How important are cereals and cereal products in the average Polish diet? Nutrients. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu11030679","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"1","key":"673_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1080\/1389224X.2011.536344","volume":"17","author":"C Leeuwis","year":"2011","unstructured":"Leeuwis C, Aarts N (2011) Rethinking communication in innovation processes: creating space for change in complex systems. J Agric Educ Ext 17(1):21\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/1389224X.2011.536344","journal-title":"J Agric Educ Ext"},{"key":"673_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.661132","volume":"12","author":"MC Leggieri","year":"2021","unstructured":"Leggieri MC, Mazzoni M, Battilani P (2021) Machine learning for predicting mycotoxin occurrence in maize. Front Microbiol 12:1\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2021.661132","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"issue":"01","key":"673_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.4236\/as.2022.131005","volume":"13","author":"H Lehmane","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lehmane H, Ba R, Dah-Nouvlessounon D, Sina H, Roko G, Bade FT, Socohou A, Adjanohoun A, Baba-Moussa L (2022) Status of Techniques Used to Control Moulds in Maize Storage in Africa. Agricultural Sci 13(01):49\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4236\/as.2022.131005","journal-title":"Agricultural Sci"},{"key":"673_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Leslie JF, Morris JB, Gurung JK, Harvey JJW, Ayalew A, Baker R, Zhang G (2023) Mycotoxin communications: Managing messages for different audiences. Front Sustainable Food Syst 6. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fsufs.2022.1095256","DOI":"10.3389\/fsufs.2022.1095256"},{"issue":"7","key":"673_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins10070267","volume":"10","author":"C Liu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Liu C, Manstretta V, Rossi V, Van Der Fels-Klerx HJ (2018) Comparison of three modelling approaches for predicting deoxynivalenol contamination in winter wheat. Toxins (Basel) 10(7):1\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/toxins10070267","journal-title":"Toxins (Basel)"},{"key":"673_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23031064","author":"L Liu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu L, Xie M, Wei D (2022) Biological detoxification of mycotoxins: current status and future advances. Int J Mol Sci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms23031064","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"12","key":"673_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2160","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X.JFP-15-550","volume":"79","author":"KS Magembe","year":"2016","unstructured":"Magembe KS, Mwatawala MW, Mamiro DP (2016) Mycotoxin contamination in stored maize and groundnuts based on storage practices and conditions in subhumid tropical Africa: The case of kilosa district, Tanzania. J Food Prot 79(12):2160\u20132166. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4315\/0362-028X.JFP-15-550","journal-title":"J Food Prot"},{"key":"673_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pce.2008.06.050","volume":"33","author":"MS Magombeyi","year":"2008","unstructured":"Magombeyi MS, Taigbenu AE (2008) Crop yield risk analysis and mitigation of smallholder farmers at quaternary catchment level: case study of B72A in Olifants river basin, South Africa. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A\/B\/C 33:744\u2013756. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pce.2008.06.050","journal-title":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A\/B\/C"},{"issue":"4","key":"673_CR77","first-page":"1","volume":"10","author":"S Mahai","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mahai S, Jamala G, Mada D, Medugu I (2015) Assessment of sorghum storage methods in Madagali and Ganye areas of Adamawa State, Nigeria. Int J Engr Sci 10(4):1\u20136","journal-title":"Int J Engr Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"673_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.3920\/WMJ2021.2758","volume":"16","author":"G Mahuku","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mahuku G, Mauro A, Pallangyo B, Nsami E, Boni SB, Koyano E, Mponda O, Ortega-Beltran A, Atehnkeng J, Aquiline F, Samuel R, Njela J, Cotty PJ, Bandyopadhyay R (2023) Atoxigenic-based technology for biocontrol of aflatoxin in maize and groundnuts for Tanzania. World Mycotoxin J 16(1):59\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3920\/WMJ2021.2758","journal-title":"World Mycotoxin J"},{"issue":"4","key":"673_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1504\/IJPTI.2019.106460","volume":"6","author":"RF Mapfeka","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mapfeka RF, Mandumbu R, Zengeza T, Kamota A, Masamha B, Marongwe FD, Mutsamba-Magwaza EF, Nyakudya E, Nyamadzawo G (2019) Post-harvest cereal structures and climate change resilience in rural Zimbabwe: A review. Int J Postharvest Technol Innov 6(4):239\u2013256. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1504\/IJPTI.2019.106460","journal-title":"Int J Postharvest Technol Innov"},{"issue":"11","key":"673_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins17110527","volume":"17","author":"E Maris","year":"2025","unstructured":"Maris E, Ndlangamandla P, Adelusi OA, Akinmoladun OF, Odukoya JO, Fagbohun RT, Oyeyinka SA, Sekhejane P, Pero-Gascon R, De Boevre M, Croubels S, Njobeh PB, De Saeger S (2025) Nixtamalization of Maize to Reduce Mycotoxin Exposure: A Human Biomonitoring Intervention Study in Soweto, South Africa. Toxins 17(11):1\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/toxins17110527","journal-title":"Toxins"},{"key":"673_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s43621-021-00049-4","author":"C Matavel","year":"2021","unstructured":"Matavel C, Hoffmann H, Rybak C, Sieber S, M\u00fcller K, Br\u00fcntrup M, Salavessa J (2021) Passive solar dryers as sustainable alternatives for drying agricultural produce in sub-Saharan Africa: advances and challenges. Discov Sustain. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s43621-021-00049-4","journal-title":"Discov Sustain"},{"issue":"6","key":"673_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"960","DOI":"10.1080\/19440049.2015.1029535","volume":"32","author":"L Matumba","year":"2015","unstructured":"Matumba L, Van Poucke C, Njumbe Ediage E, Jacobs B, De Saeger S (2015) Effectiveness of hand sorting, flotation\/washing, dehulling and combinations thereof on the decontamination of mycotoxin-contaminated white maize. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 32(6):960\u2013969. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/19440049.2015.1029535","journal-title":"Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess"},{"key":"673_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Matumba L, Monjerezi M, Kankwamba H, Njoroge SMC, Ndilowe P, Kabuli H, Kambewa D, Njapau H (2016) Knowledge, attitude, and practices concerning presence of molds in foods among members of the general public in Malawi 27\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12550-015-0237-3","DOI":"10.1007\/s12550-015-0237-3"},{"issue":"8","key":"673_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1584","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2014.993021","volume":"57","author":"L Matumba","year":"2017","unstructured":"Matumba L, Van Poucke C, Njumbe Ediage E, De Saeger S (2017) Keeping mycotoxins away from the food: does the existence of regulations have any impact in Africa? Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 57(8):1584\u20131592. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10408398.2014.993021","journal-title":"Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr"},{"issue":"1","key":"673_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1080\/09709274.2014.11906702","volume":"46","author":"RM Mboya","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mboya RM, Kolanisi U (2014) Subsistence Farmers\u2019 Mycotoxin Contamination Awareness in the SADC Region: Implications on Millennium Development Goal 1, 4 and 6. J Hum Ecol 46(1):21\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09709274.2014.11906702","journal-title":"J Hum Ecol"},{"issue":"JULY","key":"673_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2014.00348","volume":"5","author":"A Medina","year":"2014","unstructured":"Medina A, Rodriguez A, Magan N (2014) Effect of climate change on Aspergillus flavus and aflatoxin B1 production. Front Microbiol 5(JULY):1\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2014.00348","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"673_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cropro.2016.08.033","volume":"90","author":"CAO Midega","year":"2016","unstructured":"Midega CAO, Murage AW, Pittchar JO, Khan ZR (2016) Managing storage pests of maize: Farmers\u2019 knowledge, perceptions and practices in western Kenya. Crop Prot 90:142\u2013149. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cropro.2016.08.033","journal-title":"Crop Prot"},{"issue":"1","key":"673_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2017.1357003","volume":"59","author":"JM Misihairabgwi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Misihairabgwi JM, Ezekiel CN, Sulyok M, Shephard GS, Krska R (2019) Mycotoxin contamination of foods in Southern Africa: A 10-year review (2007\u20132016). Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 59(1):43\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10408398.2017.1357003","journal-title":"Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr"},{"issue":"2","key":"673_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aoas.2019.12.003","volume":"64","author":"AJ Mobolade","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mobolade AJ, Bunindro N, Sahoo D, Rajashekar Y (2019) Traditional methods of food grains preservation and storage in Nigeria and India. Annals Agricultural Sci 64(2):196\u2013205. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aoas.2019.12.003","journal-title":"Annals Agricultural Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"673_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins15030227","volume":"15","author":"K Moln\u00e1r","year":"2023","unstructured":"Moln\u00e1r K, R\u00e1cz C, D\u00f6v\u00e9nyi-Nagy T, Bak\u00f3 K, Pusztahelyi T, Kov\u00e1cs S, Ad\u00e1csi C, P\u00f3csi I, Dobos A (2023) The effect of environmental factors on mould counts and AFB1 toxin production by Aspergillus flavus in maize. Toxins (Basel) 15(3):1\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/toxins15030227","journal-title":"Toxins (Basel)"},{"issue":"June","key":"673_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2019.06.007","volume":"91","author":"A Mousavi Khaneghah","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mousavi Khaneghah A, Fakhri Y, Gahruie HH, Niakousari M, Sant\u2019Ana AS (2019) Mycotoxins in cereal-based products during 24 years (1983\u20132017): A global systematic review. Trends Food Sci Technol 91(June):95\u2013105. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tifs.2019.06.007","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci Technol"},{"key":"673_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cropro.2015.06.014","volume":"76","author":"AW Murage","year":"2015","unstructured":"Murage AW, Pittchar JO, Midega CAO, Onyango CO, Khan ZR (2015) Gender specific perceptions and adoption of the climate-smart push-pull technology in eastern Africa. Crop Prot 76:83\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cropro.2015.06.014","journal-title":"Crop Prot"},{"issue":"January","key":"673_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.5555\/20123239807","volume":"2","author":"JW Muthomi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Muthomi JW, Mureithi BK, Chemining GN, Gathumbi JK, Mutit EW (2012) Aspergillus species and Aflatoxin b 1 in soil, maize grain and flour samples from semi-arid and humid regions of Kenya. Int J 2(January):22\u201334. https:\/\/www.cabidigitallibrary.org\/doi\/full\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5555\/20123239807","journal-title":"Int J"},{"key":"673_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101517","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jspr.2019.101517","volume":"84","author":"C Mutungi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mutungi C, Muthoni F, Bekunda M, Gaspar A, Kabula E, Abass A (2019) Physical quality of maize grain harvested and stored by smallholder farmers in the Northern highlands of Tanzania: Effects of harvesting and pre-storage handling practices in two marginally contrasting agro-locations. J Stored Prod Res 84:101517. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jspr.2019.101517","journal-title":"J Stored Prod Res"},{"key":"673_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cropro.2017.09.015","volume":"110","author":"E Ncube","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ncube E, Flett BC, Van den Berg J, Erasmus A, Viljoen A (2018) Fusarium ear rot and fumonisins in maize kernels when comparing a Bt hybrid with its non-Bt isohybrid and under conventional insecticide control of Busseola fusca infestations. Crop Prot 110:183\u2013190. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cropro.2017.09.015","journal-title":"Crop Prot"},{"issue":"4","key":"673_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2018.1543252","volume":"60","author":"M Ndemera","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ndemera M, De Boevre M, De Saeger S (2020) Mycotoxin management in a developing country context: A critical review of strategies aimed at decreasing dietary exposure to mycotoxins in Zimbabwe. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 60(4):529\u2013540. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10408398.2018.1543252","journal-title":"Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr"},{"key":"673_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2017.03.012","volume":"78","author":"K Neme","year":"2017","unstructured":"Neme K, Mohammed A (2017) Mycotoxin occurrence in grains and the role of postharvest management as a mitigation strategies. A review. Food Control 78:412\u2013425. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.foodcont.2017.03.012","journal-title":"Food Control"},{"issue":"5","key":"673_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins14050318","volume":"14","author":"NQ Ngum","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ngum NQ, Babalola OO, Ekwomadu TI, Nleya N, Mulunda M (2022) Six Main Contributing Factors to High Levels of Mycotoxin Contamination in African Foods. Toxins 14(5):1\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/toxins14050318","journal-title":"Toxins"},{"issue":"March","key":"673_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2024.110463","volume":"162","author":"FM Ngure","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ngure FM, Makule E, Mgongo W, Phillips E, Kassim N, Stoltzfus R, Nelson R (2024) Processing complementary foods to reduce mycotoxins in a medium scale Tanzanian mill: A hazard analysis critical control point (HACCP) approach. Food Control 162(March):110463. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.foodcont.2024.110463","journal-title":"Food Control"},{"key":"673_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins14080574","author":"QN Nji","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nji QN, Babalola OO, Mwanza M (2022a) Aflatoxins in maize: can their occurrence be effectively managed in Africa in the face of climate change and food insecurity? Toxins (Basel). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/toxins14080574","journal-title":"Toxins (Basel)"},{"issue":"17","key":"673_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/foods11172714","volume":"11","author":"QN Nji","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nji QN, Babalola OO, Nleya N, Mwanza M (2022b) Underreported Human Exposure to Mycotoxins: The Case of South Africa. Foods 11(17):1\u201319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/foods11172714","journal-title":"Foods"},{"issue":"2","key":"673_CR102","first-page":"19","volume":"4","author":"KN Nwaigwe","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nwaigwe KN (2019) An Overview of Cereal Grain Storage Techniques and Prospects in Africa. Int J Bioeng Biotechnol 4(2):19\u201325. http:\/\/www.openscienceonline.com\/journal\/ijbb","journal-title":"Int J Bioeng Biotechnol"},{"key":"673_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soh.2023.100013","author":"AR Nwaji","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nwaji AR, Arieri O, Anyang AS, Nguedia K, Abiade EB, Forcados GE, Oladipo OO, Makama S, Elisha IL, Ozele N, Gotep JG (2022) Natural toxins and One Health: a review. Science in One Health. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.soh.2023.100013","journal-title":"Science in One Health"},{"issue":"8","key":"673_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/agriculture11080772","volume":"11","author":"SK Nyarko","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nyarko SK, Akyereko YG, Akowuah JO, Wireko-Manu FD (2021) Comparative studies on grain quality and pesticide residues in maize stored in hermetic and polypropylene storage bags. Agric (Switzerland) 11(8):1\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/agriculture11080772","journal-title":"Agric (Switzerland)"},{"issue":"1","key":"673_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.4038\/cjs.v53i1.8194","volume":"53","author":"NF Okparavero","year":"2024","unstructured":"Okparavero NF, Otitodun GO, Rukayat Q, Jimoh OM, Ishola TD, Okunlade AF, Haruna PB, Isaac AY, Akande ET (2024) Effective Storage Structures for Preservation of Stored Grains in Nigeria: A Review. Ceylon J Sci 53(1):139\u2013147. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4038\/cjs.v53i1.8194","journal-title":"Ceylon J Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"673_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/insects14020141","volume":"14","author":"B Opoku","year":"2023","unstructured":"Opoku B, Osekre EA, Opit G, Bosomtwe A, Bingham GV (2023) Evaluation of Hermetic Storage Bags for the Preservation of Yellow Maize in Poultry Farms in Dormaa Ahenkro. Ghana Insects 14(2):1\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/insects14020141","journal-title":"Ghana Insects"},{"issue":"17","key":"673_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/su17178012","volume":"17","author":"M Paraschou","year":"2025","unstructured":"Paraschou M, Sergaki P, Kalogeras N, Nastis SA, Staboulis C (2025) Agricultural Cooperatives: Roadblocks to Achieving Sustainability. Sustain (Switzerland) 17(17):1\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/su17178012","journal-title":"Sustain (Switzerland)"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"673_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.17159\/sajs.2024\/15905","volume":"120","author":"JP Rheeder","year":"2024","unstructured":"Rheeder JP, van der Westhuizen L (2024) Fusarium and fumonisin in GM maize grown by small-scale farmers in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. South Afr J Sci 120(1\u20132):1\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17159\/sajs.2024\/15905","journal-title":"South Afr J Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"673_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gloenvcha.2011.04.007","volume":"21","author":"P Roudier","year":"2011","unstructured":"Roudier P, Sultan B, Quirion P, Berg A (2011) The impact of future climate change on West African crop yields: What does the recent literature say? Glob Environ Change 21(3):1073\u20131083. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gloenvcha.2011.04.007","journal-title":"Glob Environ Change"},{"key":"673_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dche.2023.100136","author":"AM Schweidtmann","year":"2024","unstructured":"Schweidtmann AM, Zhang D, von Stosch M (2024) A review and perspective on hybrid modeling methodologies. Digital Chemical Engineering. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dche.2023.100136","journal-title":"Digital Chemical Engineering"},{"issue":"2","key":"673_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1094\/PDIS-03-19-0575-RE","volume":"104","author":"LA Senghor","year":"2020","unstructured":"Senghor LA, Ortega-Beltran A, Atehnkeng J, Callicott KA, Cotty PJ, Bandyopadhyay R (2020) The atoxigenic biocontrol product Aflasafe SN01 is a valuable tool to mitigate aflatoxin contamination of both maize and groundnut cultivated in Senegal. Plant Dis 104(2):510\u2013520. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1094\/PDIS-03-19-0575-RE","journal-title":"Plant Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"673_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.1094\/PDIS-09-20-1899-RE","volume":"105","author":"AL Senghor","year":"2021","unstructured":"Senghor AL, Ortega-Beltran A, Atehnkeng J, Jarju P, Cotty PJ, Bandyopadhyay R (2021) Aflasafe SN01 is the first biocontrol product approved for aflatoxin mitigation in two nations, Senegal and the Gambia. Plant Dis 105(5):1461\u20131473. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1094\/PDIS-09-20-1899-RE","journal-title":"Plant Dis"},{"issue":"July","key":"673_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.13031\/aim.201700634","volume":"8","author":"RA Suleiman","year":"2017","unstructured":"Suleiman RA, Rosentrater KA, Chove B (2017) Postharvest practices and mycotoxins of maize in three agro-ecological zones in Tanzania. 2017 ASABE Annual Int Meeting 8(July):73\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.13031\/aim.201700634","journal-title":"2017 ASABE Annual Int Meeting"},{"key":"673_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/8\/1\/014040","author":"B Sultan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sultan B, Roudier P, Quirion P, Alhassane A, Muller B, Dingkuhn M, Ciais P, Guimberteau M, Traore S, Baron C (2013) Assessing climate change impacts on sorghum and millet yields in the Sudanian and Sahelian savannas of West Africa. Environ Res Lett. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1748-9326\/8\/1\/014040","journal-title":"Environ Res Lett"},{"key":"673_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gfs.2019.100327","volume":"25","author":"SA Tanumihardjo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tanumihardjo SA, McCulley L, Roh R, Lopez-Ridaura S, Palacios-Rojas N, Gunaratna NS (2020) Maize agro-food systems to ensure food and nutrition security in reference to the Sustainable Development Goals. Glob Food Secur 25:100327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gfs.2019.100327","journal-title":"Glob Food Secur"},{"issue":"4","key":"673_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2455","DOI":"10.3390\/microbiolres15040165","volume":"15","author":"G Thenuwara","year":"2024","unstructured":"Thenuwara G, Javed B, Singh B, Byrne HJ, Tian F (2024) Sex- and gender-specific considerations in mycotoxin screening: assessing differential exposure, health impacts, and mitigation strategies. Microbiol Res 15(4):2455\u20132492. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/microbiolres15040165","journal-title":"Microbiol Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"673_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins9120395","volume":"9","author":"AA Thyparambil","year":"2017","unstructured":"Thyparambil AA, Bazin I, Guiseppi-Elie A (2017) Molecular modeling and simulation tools in the development of peptide-based biosensors for mycotoxin detection: Example of ochratoxin. Toxins 9(12):1\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/toxins9120395","journal-title":"Toxins"},{"issue":"11","key":"673_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5058","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.6546","volume":"77","author":"J Toffa","year":"2021","unstructured":"Toffa J, Loko YLE, Djedatin G, Gbemavo CDSJ, Orobiyi A, Tchakpa C, Ewedje EE, Sabot F (2021) Rice pests in the Republic of Benin: farmers\u2019 perceptions, knowledge and management practices. Pest Manag Sci 77(11):5058\u20135071. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ps.6546","journal-title":"Pest Manag Sci"},{"key":"673_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2024.110938","author":"AC Tohonon","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tohonon AC, Ou\u00e9tch\u00e9hou R, Hounsou M, Zannou O, Dabad\u00e9 DS (2024) Food hygiene in Sub-Saharan Africa: a focus on catering services. Food Control. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.foodcont.2024.110938","journal-title":"Food Control"},{"issue":"27","key":"673_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.19044\/esj.2017.v13n27p171","volume":"13","author":"N Tovide","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tovide N, Tchobo F, Adeoti K, Noumavo P, Baba-Moussa F, Gandonou C, Toukourou F (2017) Contamination of cereals (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench and Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) during storage: farmer\u2019s perception and management of mold\u2019 contamination risks. Eur Sci J ESJ 13(27):171. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.19044\/esj.2017.v13n27p171","journal-title":"Eur Sci J ESJ"},{"key":"673_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2016.07.039","volume":"72","author":"P Udomkun","year":"2017","unstructured":"Udomkun P, Wiredu AN, Nagle M, Bandyopadhyay R, M\u00fcller J, Vanlauwe B (2017) Mycotoxins in Sub-Saharan Africa: present situation, socio-economic impact, awareness, and outlook. Food Control 72:110\u2013122. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.foodcont.2016.07.039","journal-title":"Food Control"},{"key":"673_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2020.110730","volume":"268","author":"P Udomkun","year":"2020","unstructured":"Udomkun P, Romuli S, Schock S, Mahayothee B, Sartas M, Wossen T, Njukwe E, Vanlauwe B, M\u00fcller J (2020) Review of solar dryers for agricultural products in Asia and Africa: an innovation landscape approach. J Environ Manage 268:110730. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jenvman.2020.110730","journal-title":"J Environ Manage"},{"issue":"11","key":"673_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1582","DOI":"10.1080\/19440049.2010.508050","volume":"27","author":"L van der Westhuizen","year":"2010","unstructured":"van der Westhuizen L, Shephard GS, Rheeder JP, Burger HM, Gelderblom WCA, Wild CP, Gong YY (2010) Simple intervention method to reduce fumonisin exposure in a subsistence maize-farming community in South Africa. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 27(11):1582\u20131588. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/19440049.2010.508050","journal-title":"Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess"},{"key":"673_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2520\/myco1975.2003.suppl3_1","volume":"Suppl3","author":"HP van Egmond","year":"2003","unstructured":"van Egmond HP, Jonker MA (2003) Current situation on regulations for mycotoxins. Mycotoxins Suppl3:1\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2520\/myco1975.2003.suppl3_1","journal-title":"Mycotoxins"},{"issue":"2","key":"673_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.3920\/WMJ2014.1766","volume":"8","author":"F Waliyar","year":"2015","unstructured":"Waliyar F, Osiru M, Ntare BR, Vijay Krishna Kumar K, Sudini H, Traore A, Diarra B (2015) Post-harvest management of aflatoxin contamination in groundnut. World Mycotoxin J 8(2):245\u2013252. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3920\/WMJ2014.1766","journal-title":"World Mycotoxin J"},{"key":"673_CR126","unstructured":"Wambui G, Marther W (2018) Women in african agriculture: integrating women into value (175)"},{"key":"673_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fsufs.2020.591792","author":"EA Warnatzsch","year":"2020","unstructured":"Warnatzsch EA, Reay DS, Camardo Leggieri M, Battilani P (2020) Climate change impact on aflatoxin contamination risk in Malawi\u2019s maize crops. Front Sustain Food Syst. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fsufs.2020.591792","journal-title":"Front Sustain Food Syst"},{"key":"673_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2020.122087","author":"C Yang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yang C, Song G, Lim W (2020) Effects of mycotoxin-contaminated feed on farm animals. J Hazard Mater. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2020.122087","journal-title":"J Hazard Mater"},{"key":"673_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yohannis E, Urugo MM, Teka TA, Getachew P, Tola YB, Forsido SF, Kebede YS, Teferra TF (2025) Aflatoxin Contamination in Agri-Food Systems: A Comprehensive Review of Toxicity, Food Security, Economic Impacts, and Sustainable Mitigation Across the Value Chain. Food Science & Nutrition 13(10):e71104. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/fsn3.71104","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.71104"}],"container-title":["Mycotoxin Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12550-026-00673-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12550-026-00673-x","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12550-026-00673-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T09:03:25Z","timestamp":1793955805000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12550-026-00673-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]]},"references-count":129,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]}},"alternative-id":["673"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12550-026-00673-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["0178-7888","1867-1632"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0178-7888","type":"print"},{"value":"1867-1632","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 March 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 August 2026","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 August 2026","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 September 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Funded by the European Union. Views and opinions expressed are, however, those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or the European Research Executive Agency (REA). Neither the European Union nor REA can be held responsible for them.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Disclaimer","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"71"}}