{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T18:25:53Z","timestamp":1792520753676,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788480000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788480000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005639","name":"Universidade De S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005639","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mycotoxin Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Inactivated microorganisms may reduce mycotoxins\u2019 bioavailability, although\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    evidence is limited especially in farm animals. This pilot study evaluated whether a fermented milk (FM) containing heat-inactivated biomasses of\n                    <jats:italic>Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Saccharomyces cerevisiae<\/jats:italic>\n                    at 1% (\n                    <jats:italic>w\/w<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) mitigated the toxic effects of dietary aflatoxins (AFs) and fumonisins (FBs) in weaned piglets. Twenty-four male crossbred piglets were assigned to a 2\u2009\u00d7\u20092\u2009\u00d7\u20092 factorial design (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20093 per group) with AFs (0; 1.11\u20131.28\u00a0mg\/kg, sum of AFB\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    , AFB\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    , AFG\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    and AFG\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ), FBs (0.78\u20130.99; 9.22\u20139.53\u00a0mg\/kg, sum of FB\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    and FB\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ), and FM (0; 39\u00a0g\/animal\/day, equivalent to 5% of basal diet) for 28 days. AFs reduced (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05) the body weight gain and feed consumption. AFs or AFs\u2009+\u2009FBs exposure were associated with hepatic lesions, whereas FBs caused increased pulmonary and renal lesions (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). FM was associated with lower (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05) scores of FBs\u2019 lung lesions and AFs\u2009+\u2009FBs\u2019 kidney lesions, but did not consistently improve growth performance or hepatic and renal biochemical parameters. Plasma AFP\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    and urinary FB\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    were lower (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05) in AFs- or FBs-exposed animals receiving FM, while plasma and urinary AFM\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    or FB\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    were not reduced by the FM. In conclusion, FM containing inactivated\n                    <jats:italic>L. rhamnosus<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>S. cerevisiae<\/jats:italic>\n                    had partial protective effects against organ-specific mycotoxin injury, with limited evidence of AFs bioavailability reduction, considering\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20093 per experimental group. Further studies should evaluate different inclusion levels of microorganisms and mycotoxins, as well as other potentially adsorptive microorganisms, with a focus on microorganism\u2013mycotoxin interactions within the gastrointestinal tract.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12550-026-00677-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T11:49:41Z","timestamp":1788522581000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Efficacy evaluation of a fermented milk containing inactivated biomasses of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae to ameliorate the toxic effects of dietary aflatoxins and fumonisins in pigs: a pilot study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Lucas Gabriel Dionisio","family":"Freire","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer Rafaela S\u00e1","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucas Luiz","family":"Assis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leandra N\u00e1ira Zambelli","family":"Ramalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernando Silva","family":"Ramalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabio Enrique Lemos","family":"Budi\u00f1o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karina Nascimento","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rog\u00e9rio D\u2019Antonio","family":"Pires","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sana","family":"Ullah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sher","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovana Fumes","family":"Ghantous","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roice Eliana","family":"Rosim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos Humberto","family":"Corassin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5779-5287","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos Augusto Fernandes","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"677_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1412","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2020.10.012","volume":"7","author":"AM Abdel-Salam","year":"2020","unstructured":"Abdel-Salam AM, Badr AN, Zaghloul AH, Farrag ARH (2020) Functional yogurt aims to protect against the aflatoxin B1 toxicity in rats. Toxicol Rep 7:1412\u20131420. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.toxrep.2020.10.012","journal-title":"Toxicol Rep"},{"key":"677_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/foods12234314","volume":"12","author":"S Ali","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ali S, Freire L, Rezende V et al (2023) Occurrence of mycotoxins in foods: unraveling the knowledge gaps on their persistence in food production systems. Foods 12:1\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/foods12234314","journal-title":"Foods"},{"key":"677_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127160","DOI":"10.1016\/J.ENVPOL.2025.127160","volume":"385","author":"S Ali","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ali S, Franco BB, Rezende VT et al (2025) Children\u2019s exposure to mycotoxins and risk characterization using urinary biomarkers in S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil. Environ Pollut 385:127160. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.ENVPOL.2025.127160","journal-title":"Environ Pollut"},{"key":"677_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.3390\/TOXINS15110629\/S1","volume":"15","author":"MM Aoyanagi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Aoyanagi MM, de CC, Budi\u00f1o FEL, Raj J et al (2023) Efficacy of two commercially available adsorbents to reduce the combined toxic effects of dietary aflatoxins, fumonisins, and zearalenone and their residues in the tissues of weaned pigs. Toxins (Basel) 15:629. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/TOXINS15110629\/S1","journal-title":"Toxins (Basel)"},{"key":"677_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1021\/jf404179h","volume":"62","author":"G Avantaggiato","year":"2014","unstructured":"Avantaggiato G, Greco D, Damascelli A et al (2014) Assessment of multi-mycotoxin adsorption efficacy of grape pomace. J Agric Food Chem 62:497\u2013507. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/jf404179h","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem"},{"key":"677_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.03.004","volume":"179","author":"F Ben Taheur","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ben Taheur F, Mansour C, Ben Jeddou K et al (2020) Aflatoxin B1 degradation by microorganisms isolated from Kombucha culture. Toxicon 179:76\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.03.004","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"677_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins14080552","volume":"14","author":"GL Biscoto","year":"2022","unstructured":"Biscoto GL, Salvato LA, Alvarenga \u00c9R et al (2022) Mycotoxins in cattle feed and feed ingredients in Brazil: A five-year survey. Toxins 2022 14:552. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/toxins14080552","journal-title":"Toxins 2022"},{"key":"677_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.5539\/jfr.v3n2p35","volume":"3","author":"F Bovo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bovo F, Franco LT, Rosim RE et al (2014) The ability of Lactobacillus rhamnosus in solution, spray-dried or lyophilized to bind aflatoxin B1. J Food Res 3:35. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5539\/jfr.v3n2p35","journal-title":"J Food Res"},{"key":"677_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pev067","volume":"94","author":"F Bovo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bovo F, Franco LT, Kobashigawa E et al (2015) Efficacy of beer fermentation residue containing Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells for ameliorating aflatoxicosis in broilers. Poult Sci 94:934\u2013942. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3382\/ps\/pev067","journal-title":"Poult Sci"},{"key":"677_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1016\/J.FOODRES.2015.08.032","volume":"77","author":"FB Campagnollo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Campagnollo FB, Franco LT, Rottinghaus GE et al (2015) In vitro evaluation of the ability of beer fermentation residue containing Saccharomyces cerevisiae to bind mycotoxins. Food Res Int 77:643\u2013648. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.FOODRES.2015.08.032","journal-title":"Food Res Int"},{"key":"677_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111161","DOI":"10.1016\/J.FCT.2020.111161","volume":"137","author":"A Cimbalo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cimbalo A, Alonso-Garrido M, Font G, Manyes L (2020) Toxicity of mycotoxins in vivo on vertebrate organisms: A review. Food Chem Toxicol 137:111161. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.FCT.2020.111161","journal-title":"Food Chem Toxicol"},{"key":"677_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2012.09.033","volume":"31","author":"CH Corassin","year":"2013","unstructured":"Corassin CH, Bovo F, Rosim RE, Oliveira CAF (2013) Efficiency of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and lactic acid bacteria strains to bind aflatoxin M1 in UHT skim milk. Food Control 31:80\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.foodcont.2012.09.033","journal-title":"Food Control"},{"key":"677_CR13","volume-title":"Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International","author":"P Cunniff","year":"1995","unstructured":"Cunniff P (1995) Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International. AOAC, Arlington, VA"},{"key":"677_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.02317","volume":"8","author":"BV Deepthi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Deepthi BV, Somashekaraiah R, Poornachandra Rao K et al (2017) Lactobacillus plantarum MYS6 ameliorates fumonisin B1-induced hepatorenal damage in broilers. Front Microbiol 8:1\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2017.02317","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"677_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.3109\/15569543.2015.1091979","volume":"34","author":"MC Di Gregorio","year":"2015","unstructured":"Di Gregorio MC, Bordin K, Souto PCMDC et al (2015) Comparative biotransformation of aflatoxin B1 in swine, domestic fowls, and humans. Toxin Rev 34:142\u2013150. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/15569543.2015.1091979","journal-title":"Toxin Rev"},{"key":"677_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1007\/S12550-016-0267-5","volume":"33","author":"MC Di Gregorio","year":"2017","unstructured":"Di Gregorio MC, Jager AV, Souto PCMC et al (2017a) Determination of serum aflatoxin B1-lysine to evaluate the efficacy of an aflatoxin-adsorbing feed additive in pigs fed an aflatoxin B1-contaminated diet. Mycotoxin Res 33:93\u2013102. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S12550-016-0267-5","journal-title":"Mycotoxin Res"},{"key":"677_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1093\/JAT\/BKW126","volume":"41","author":"MC Di Gregorio","year":"2017","unstructured":"Di Gregorio MC, Jager AV, Costa AA et al (2017b) Determination of aflatoxin B1-lysine in pig serum and plasma by liquid chromatography\u2013tandem mass spectrometry. J Anal Toxicol 41:236\u2013241. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/JAT\/BKW126","journal-title":"J Anal Toxicol"},{"key":"677_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1080\/15569543.2024.2360434","volume":"43","author":"LG Dionisio Freire","year":"2024","unstructured":"Dionisio Freire LG, Ali S, Oliveira CAF, De (2024) Effectiveness of biological decontamination methods to reduce the toxic effects of mycotoxins in animal models: a review. Toxin Rev 43:572\u2013590. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15569543.2024.2360434","journal-title":"Toxin Rev"},{"key":"677_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ram.2023.11.006","volume":"56","author":"AS Fochesato","year":"2024","unstructured":"Fochesato AS, Mart\u00ednez MP, Cuello D et al (2024) Effects of a mixed additive based on Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Lactobacillus rhamnosus on broilers exposed to aflatoxin B1 by contaminated feed. Rev Argent Microbiol 56:312\u2013321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ram.2023.11.006","journal-title":"Rev Argent Microbiol"},{"key":"677_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2019.03.046","volume":"128","author":"LT Franco","year":"2019","unstructured":"Franco LT, Petta T, Rottinghaus GE et al (2019) Assessment of mycotoxin exposure and risk characterization using occurrence data in foods and urinary biomarkers in Brazil. Food Chem Toxicol 128:21\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fct.2019.03.046","journal-title":"Food Chem Toxicol"},{"key":"677_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13000","DOI":"10.3390\/app122413000","volume":"12","author":"LGD Freire","year":"2022","unstructured":"Freire LGD, Ali S, de Oliveira CAF (2022) Evaluation of adsorbent\u2019s efficiency by using biomarker approaches in farm animals: a systematic review. Appl Sci 12:13000. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/app122413000","journal-title":"Appl Sci"},{"key":"677_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121065","DOI":"10.1016\/J.ENVPOL.2023.121065","volume":"320","author":"Z Gao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gao Z, Luo K, Zhu Q et al (2023) The natural occurrence, toxicity mechanisms and management strategies of Fumonisin B1: A review. Environ Pollut 320:121065. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.ENVPOL.2023.121065","journal-title":"Environ Pollut"},{"key":"677_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-89773-0.00047-3","volume-title":"Reproductive and developmental toxicology","author":"J Gelineau-van Waes","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gelineau-van Waes J (2022) Fumonisins. In: Gupta RC (ed) Reproductive and developmental toxicology, 3rd edn. Elsevier, pp 955\u2013981","edition":"3"},{"key":"677_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5701","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2016-12215","volume":"100","author":"BL Gon\u00e7alves","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gon\u00e7alves BL, Corassin CH, Oliveira CAF (2017) Effects of different sources of Saccharomyces cerevisiae biomass on milk production, composition, and aflatoxin M1 excretion in milk from dairy cows fed aflatoxin B1. J Dairy Sci 100:5701\u20135708. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3168\/jds.2016-12215","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci"},{"key":"677_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201000402","volume":"55","author":"B Grenier","year":"2011","unstructured":"Grenier B, Loureiro-Bracarense A-P, Lucioli J et al (2011) Individual and combined effects of subclinical doses of deoxynivalenol and fumonisins in piglets. Mol Nutr Food Res 55:761\u2013771. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mnfr.201000402","journal-title":"Mol Nutr Food Res"},{"key":"677_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins11070375","volume":"11","author":"C Gruber-Dorninger","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gruber-Dorninger C, Jenkins T, Schatzmayr G (2019) Global mycotoxin occurrence in feed: A ten-year survey. Toxins (Basel) 11:375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/toxins11070375","journal-title":"Toxins (Basel)"},{"key":"677_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-2797(00)00186-1","volume":"128","author":"C Haskard","year":"2000","unstructured":"Haskard C, Binnion C, Ahokas J (2000) Factors affecting the sequestration of aflatoxin by Lactobacillus rhamnosus strain GG. Chem Biol Interact 128:39\u201349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0009-2797(00)00186-1","journal-title":"Chem Biol Interact"},{"key":"677_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3086","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.67.7.3086-3091.2001","volume":"67","author":"CA Haskard","year":"2001","unstructured":"Haskard CA, El-Nezami HS, Kankaanp\u00e4\u00e4 PE et al (2001) Surface binding of aflatoxin B1 by lactic acid bacteria. Appl Environ Microbiol 67:3086\u20133091. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/AEM.67.7.3086-3091.2001","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"677_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins12080504","volume":"12","author":"DM Holanda","year":"2020","unstructured":"Holanda DM, Yiannikouris A, Kim SW (2020) Investigation of the efficacy of a postbiotic yeast cell wall-based blend on newly-weaned pigs under a dietary challenge of multiple mycotoxins with emphasis on deoxynivalenol. Toxins (Basel) 12:1\u201319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/toxins12080504","journal-title":"Toxins (Basel)"},{"key":"677_CR30","unstructured":"IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans (2012) Aflatoxins. In: International Agency for Research on Cancer (ed) IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 1st edn. Lyon, pp 225\u2013244"},{"key":"677_CR31","unstructured":"International Agency for Research on Cancer IARC (2002) Monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans some traditional herbal medicines, some mycotoxins, naphthalene and styrene. International Agency for Research on Cancer"},{"key":"677_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2016.08.040","volume":"73","author":"A Ismail","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ismail A, Levin RE, Riaz M et al (2017) Effect of different microbial concentrations on binding of aflatoxin M1 and stability testing. Food Control 73:492\u2013496. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.foodcont.2016.08.040","journal-title":"Food Control"},{"key":"677_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/J.FOODCONT.2013.02.016","volume":"33","author":"AV Jager","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jager AV, Tedesco MP, Souto PCMC, Oliveira CAF (2013) Assessment of aflatoxin intake in S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil. Food Control 33:87\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.FOODCONT.2013.02.016","journal-title":"Food Control"},{"key":"677_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/prp2.131","volume":"3","author":"RJ Keizer","year":"2015","unstructured":"Keizer RJ, Jansen RS, Rosing H et al (2015) Incorporation of concentration data below the limit of quantification in population pharmacokinetic analyses. Pharmacol Res Perspect 3:1\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/prp2.131","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res Perspect"},{"key":"677_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e28361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e28361","volume":"10","author":"R Khan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Khan R, Anwar F, Ghazali FM (2024) A comprehensive review of mycotoxins: Toxicology, detection, and effective mitigation approaches. Heliyon 10:e28361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e28361","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"677_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kobashigawa E, Corassin CH, Franco LT et al (2019) Aflatoxins and fumonisins in feed from a broiler operation system from S\u00e3o Paulo state, Brazil. Ciencia Rural 49. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/0103-8478cr20180888","DOI":"10.1590\/0103-8478cr20180888"},{"key":"677_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kova\u010d Tomas M, Jur\u010devi\u0107 \u0160angut I (2025) New insights into mycotoxin contamination, detection, and mitigation in food and feed systems. Toxins 2025, Vol 17, Page 515 17:515. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/toxins17100515","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins17100515"},{"key":"677_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20026","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-56538-0","volume":"9","author":"S Lasker","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lasker S, Rahman MM, Parvez F et al (2019) High-fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome and oxidative stress in obese rats are ameliorated by yogurt supplementation. Sci Rep 9:20026. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-019-56538-0","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"677_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0307.12655","volume":"73","author":"JN Lucatto","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lucatto JN, Silva-Buzanello RA, Mendon\u00e7a SNTG, Lazarotto TC, Sanchez JL, Bona E, Drunkler DA (2020) Performance of different microbial cultures in potentially probiotic and prebiotic yoghurts from cow and goat milks. Int J Dairy Technol 73:144\u2013156. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1471-0307.12655","journal-title":"Int J Dairy Technol"},{"key":"677_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111666","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2021.111666","volume":"147","author":"K Muaz","year":"2021","unstructured":"Muaz K, Riaz M, Rosim RE et al (2021) In vitro ability of nonviable cells of lactic acid bacteria strains in combination with sorbitan monostearate to bind to aflatoxin M1 in skimmed milk. LWT 147:111666. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lwt.2021.111666","journal-title":"LWT"},{"key":"677_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins15040295","volume":"15","author":"B Mu\u00f1oz-Solano","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mu\u00f1oz-Solano B, Gonz\u00e1lez-Pe\u00f1as E (2023) Biomonitoring of 19 mycotoxins in plasma from food-producing animals (cattle, poultry, pigs, and sheep). Toxins (Basel) 15:295. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/toxins15040295","journal-title":"Toxins (Basel)"},{"key":"677_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2012-02510","volume":"92","author":"DV Neeff","year":"2013","unstructured":"Neeff DV, Ledoux DR, Rottinghaus GE et al (2013) In vitro and in vivo efficacy of a hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate to bind and reduce aflatoxin residues in tissues of broiler chicks fed aflatoxin B1. Poult Sci 92:131\u2013137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3382\/ps.2012-02510","journal-title":"Poult Sci"},{"key":"677_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102350","DOI":"10.1016\/J.FOCHX.2025.102350","volume":"27","author":"W Niaz","year":"2025","unstructured":"Niaz W, Iqbal SZ, Ahmad K et al (2025) Mycotoxins: A comprehensive review of its global trends in major cereals, advancements in chromatographic detections and future prospectives. Food Chem X 27:102350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.FOCHX.2025.102350","journal-title":"Food Chem X"},{"key":"677_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2006.02958.x","volume":"101","author":"V Niderkorn","year":"2006","unstructured":"Niderkorn V, Boudra H, Morgavi DP (2006) Binding of Fusarium mycotoxins by fermentative bacteria in vitro. J Appl Microbiol 101:849\u2013856. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2006.02958.x","journal-title":"J Appl Microbiol"},{"key":"677_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1080\/02652030601101110","volume":"24","author":"V Niderkorn","year":"2007","unstructured":"Niderkorn V, Morgavi DP, Pujos E et al (2007) Screening of fermentative bacteria for their ability to bind and biotransform deoxynivalenol, zearalenone and fumonisins in an in vitro simulated corn silage model. Food Addit Contam 24:406\u2013415. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02652030601101110","journal-title":"Food Addit Contam"},{"key":"677_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2007.08.002","volume":"170","author":"RB Orsi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Orsi RB, Oliveira CAF, Dilkin P et al (2007) Effects of oral administration of aflatoxin B1 and fumonisin B1 in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Chem Biol Interact 170:201\u2013208. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cbi.2007.08.002","journal-title":"Chem Biol Interact"},{"key":"677_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clay.2014.06.009","volume":"99","author":"AC Pappas","year":"2014","unstructured":"Pappas AC, Tsiplakou E, Georgiadou M et al (2014) Bentonite binders in the presence of mycotoxins: Results of in vitro preliminary tests and an in vivo broiler trial. Appl Clay Sci 99:48\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clay.2014.06.009","journal-title":"Appl Clay Sci"},{"key":"677_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.15586\/QAS.V14I1.1006","volume":"14","author":"RC Pires","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pires RC, Portinari MRP, Moraes GZ et al (2022) Evaluation of anti-aflatoxin m1 effects of heat-killed cells of saccharomyces cerevisiae in brazilian commercial yogurts. Qual Assur Saf Crops Foods 14:75\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15586\/QAS.V14I1.1006","journal-title":"Qual Assur Saf Crops Foods"},{"key":"677_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3299","DOI":"10.3390\/foods13203299","volume":"13","author":"RC Pires","year":"2024","unstructured":"Pires RC, da Costa Calumby J, Rosim RE et al (2024) Evaluation of ability of inactivated biomasses of lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus and saccharomyces cerevisiae to adsorb aflatoxin b1 in vitro. Foods 13:3299. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/foods13203299","journal-title":"Foods"},{"key":"677_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.3390\/ruminants5020012","volume":"5","author":"RD Pires","year":"2025","unstructured":"Pires RD, Alves e Silva T, Borowsky AM et al (2025) Evaluation of the occurrence of multi-mycotoxins in the diet of beef cattle feedlots in brazil. Ruminants 5:12. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ruminants5020012","journal-title":"Ruminants"},{"key":"677_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1016\/J.IJFOODMICRO.2012.03.024","volume":"156","author":"RP Pizzolitto","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pizzolitto RP, Salvano MA, Dalcero AM (2012) Analysis of fumonisin B1 removal by microorganisms in co-occurrence with aflatoxin B1 and the nature of the binding process. Int J Food Microbiol 156:214\u2013221. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.IJFOODMICRO.2012.03.024","journal-title":"Int J Food Microbiol"},{"key":"677_CR52","first-page":"297","volume-title":"Advances in food and nutrition research","author":"J Pleadin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pleadin J, Frece J, Markov K (2019) Mycotoxins in food and feed. In: Toldr\u00e1 F (ed) Advances in food and nutrition research, 1st edn. Academic Press Inc., pp 297\u2013345","edition":"1"},{"key":"677_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2007.07.019","volume":"119","author":"JL Richard","year":"2007","unstructured":"Richard JL (2007) Some major mycotoxins and their mycotoxicoses\u2014An overview. Int J Food Microbiol 119:3\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2007.07.019","journal-title":"Int J Food Microbiol"},{"key":"677_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1080\/19440049.2011.651628","volume":"29","author":"A Robinson","year":"2012","unstructured":"Robinson A, Johnson NM, Strey A et al (2012) Calcium montmorillonite clay reduces urinary biomarkers of fumonisin B1 exposure in rats and humans. Food Addit Contaminants: Part A 29:809\u2013818. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/19440049.2011.651628","journal-title":"Food Addit Contaminants: Part A"},{"key":"677_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1007\/s12550-025-00625-x","volume":"42","author":"JP Rodrigues","year":"2026","unstructured":"Rodrigues JP, Nestlehner MV, Cerqueira CS et al (2026) Occurrence of mycotoxins in pastures and conserved forages in the Southeast region of Brazil. Mycotoxin Res 42:6. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12550-025-00625-x","journal-title":"Mycotoxin Res"},{"key":"677_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2018.11.047","volume":"124","author":"BR Rushing","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rushing BR, Selim MI (2019) Aflatoxin B1: A review on metabolism, toxicity, occurrence in food, occupational exposure, and detoxification methods. Food Chem Toxicol 124:81\u2013100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fct.2018.11.047","journal-title":"Food Chem Toxicol"},{"key":"677_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101952","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2025.101952","volume":"14","author":"R Shekhar","year":"2025","unstructured":"Shekhar R, Raghavendra VB, Rachitha P (2025) A comprehensive review of mycotoxins, their toxicity, and innovative detoxification methods. Toxicol Rep 14:101952. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.toxrep.2025.101952","journal-title":"Toxicol Rep"},{"key":"677_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1196","DOI":"10.1080\/02652030701513818","volume":"24","author":"GS Shephard","year":"2007","unstructured":"Shephard GS, Van Der Westhuizen L, Sewram V (2007) Biomarkers of exposure to fumonisin mycotoxins: A review. Food Addit Contam 24:1196\u20131201. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02652030701513818","journal-title":"Food Addit Contam"},{"key":"677_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1128\/AM.14.3.425-428.1966","volume":"14","author":"OL Shotwell","year":"1966","unstructured":"Shotwell OL, Hesseltine CW, Stubblefield RD, Sorenson WG (1966) Production of aflatoxin on rice. Appl Microbiol 14:425\u2013428. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/AM.14.3.425-428.1966","journal-title":"Appl Microbiol"},{"key":"677_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2641","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2006-802","volume":"90","author":"C Soukoulis","year":"2007","unstructured":"Soukoulis C, Panagiotidis P, Koureli R, Tzia C (2007) Industrial yogurt manufacture: monitoring of fermentation process and improvement of final product quality. J Dairy Sci 90:2641\u20132654. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3168\/jds.2006-802","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci"},{"key":"677_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-736X2015000500011","volume":"35","author":"PCMC Souto","year":"2015","unstructured":"Souto PCMC, Ramalho LNZ, Ramalho FS et al (2015) Ganho de peso, consumo de ra\u00e7\u00e3o e histologia de \u00f3rg\u00e3os de leit\u00f5es alimentados com ra\u00e7\u00f5es contendo baixos n\u00edveis de fumonisina B1. Pesquisa Vet Brasileira 35:451\u2013455. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/S0100-736X2015000500011","journal-title":"Pesquisa Vet Brasileira"},{"key":"677_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2017.07.036","volume":"108","author":"PCMC Souto","year":"2017","unstructured":"Souto PCMC, Jager AV, Tonin FG et al (2017) Determination of fumonisin B1 levels in body fluids and hair from piglets fed fumonisin B1-contaminated diets. Food Chem Toxicol 108:1\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fct.2017.07.036","journal-title":"Food Chem Toxicol"},{"key":"677_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2892","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.6225","volume":"93","author":"E Streit","year":"2013","unstructured":"Streit E, Naehrer K, Rodrigues I, Schatzmayr G (2013) Mycotoxin occurrence in feed and feed raw materials worldwide: long-term analysis with special focus on Europe and Asia. J Sci Food Agric 93:2892\u20132899. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jsfa.6225","journal-title":"J Sci Food Agric"},{"key":"677_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2649","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.2640","volume":"20","author":"M Sulyok","year":"2006","unstructured":"Sulyok M, Berthiller F, Krska R, Schuhmacher R (2006) Development and validation of a liquid chromatography\/tandem mass spectrometric method for the determination of 39 mycotoxins in wheat and maize. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 20:2649\u20132659. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/rcm.2640","journal-title":"Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom"},{"key":"677_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Terciolo C, Bracarense AP, Souto PCMC et al (2019) Fumonisins at doses below eu regulatory limits induce histological alterations in piglets. Toxins 2019, Vol 11, Page 548 11:548. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/TOXINS11090548","DOI":"10.3390\/TOXINS11090548"},{"key":"677_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-008-9144-3","volume":"40","author":"NQ Thieu","year":"2008","unstructured":"Thieu NQ, Ogle B, Pettersson H (2008) Efficacy of bentonite clay in ameliorating aflatoxicosis in piglets fed aflatoxin contaminated diets. Trop Anim Health Prod 40:649\u2013656. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11250-008-9144-3","journal-title":"Trop Anim Health Prod"},{"key":"677_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins13080586","volume":"13","author":"A Tkaczyk","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tkaczyk A, Jedziniak P (2021) Mycotoxin biomarkers in pigs\u2014current state of knowledge and analytics. Toxins (Basel) 13:586. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/toxins13080586","journal-title":"Toxins (Basel)"},{"key":"677_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7891","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2023-24539","volume":"107","author":"DJC Vieira","year":"2024","unstructured":"Vieira DJC, Fonseca LM, Poletti G et al (2024) Anti-mycotoxin feed additives: Effects on metabolism, mycotoxin excretion, performance, and total-tract digestibility of dairy cows fed artificially multi-mycotoxin-contaminated diets. J Dairy Sci 107:7891\u20137903. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3168\/jds.2023-24539","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci"},{"key":"677_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2007.06.007","volume":"137","author":"KA Voss","year":"2007","unstructured":"Voss KA, Smith GW, Haschek WM (2007) Fumonisins: Toxicokinetics, mechanism of action and toxicity. Anim Feed Sci Technol 137:299\u2013325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2007.06.007","journal-title":"Anim Feed Sci Technol"},{"key":"677_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-015-1604-8","volume":"90","author":"X Wang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wang X, Wu Q, Wan D et al (2016) Fumonisins: oxidative stress-mediated toxicity and metabolism in vivo and in vitro. Arch Toxicol 90:81\u2013101. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00204-015-1604-8","journal-title":"Arch Toxicol"},{"key":"677_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins5071261","volume":"5","author":"AC Weaver","year":"2013","unstructured":"Weaver AC, Todd See M, Hansen JA et al (2013) The use of feed additives to reduce the effects of aflatoxin and deoxynivalenol on pig growth, organ health and immune status during chronic exposure. Toxins (Basel) 5:1261\u20131281. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/toxins5071261","journal-title":"Toxins (Basel)"},{"key":"677_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhang Z, Li M, Wu C, Peng B (2019) Physical adsorption of patulin by Saccharomyces cerevisiae during fermentation. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2019 56:4 56:2326\u20132331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13197-019-03681-1","DOI":"10.1007\/s13197-019-03681-1"},{"key":"677_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2016.08.028","volume":"97","author":"H Zhao","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhao H, Wang X, Zhang J et al (2016) The mechanism of Lactobacillus strains for their ability to remove fumonisins B1 and B2. Food Chem Toxicol 97:40\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fct.2016.08.028","journal-title":"Food Chem Toxicol"}],"container-title":["Mycotoxin Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12550-026-00677-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12550-026-00677-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12550-026-00677-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T11:49:47Z","timestamp":1788522587000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12550-026-00677-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]]},"references-count":73,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]}},"alternative-id":["677"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12550-026-00677-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["0178-7888","1867-1632"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0178-7888","type":"print"},{"value":"1867-1632","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 May 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 August 2026","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 August 2026","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 September 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflict of interest.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"65"}}