{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T19:23:59Z","timestamp":1792783439769,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792108800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792108800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Euglena Co., Ltd.","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/009vypj91","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mycotoxin Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Chronic dietary exposure to low concentrations of deoxynivalenol (DON), a trichothecene mycotoxin found in cereal products, disrupts immune homeostasis and exacerbates allergic inflammation.\n                    <jats:italic>Chlorella sorokiniana<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>CS<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) can adsorb DON and reduce its systemic absorption. However, whether this DON-binding activity protects against DON-induced immune dysregulation remains unclear. Here, we investigated the effects of\n                    <jats:italic>CS<\/jats:italic>\n                    on DON-induced toxicity and DON-exacerbated allergic dermatitis. In vitro, murine DC2.4 dendritic cells were exposed to DON in the presence or absence of\n                    <jats:italic>CS<\/jats:italic>\n                    -treated DON preparations. DON reduced cell viability and ATP-dependent luminescence while increasing IL-1\u03b2 and TNF\u03b1 production in a concentration-dependent manner. Pretreatment with\n                    <jats:italic>CS<\/jats:italic>\n                    attenuated these cytotoxic and pro-inflammatory effects. In vivo, chronic low-dose DON exposure aggravated toluene diisocyanate\u2013induced allergic dermatitis, as demonstrated by increased ear swelling, scratching behavior, inflammatory cell infiltration, dermal edema, and cutaneous expression of\n                    <jats:italic>Il4<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Il13<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>Il33<\/jats:italic>\n                    . DON also increased dendritic, activated CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T, and IgE\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    B cell populations; type 2 cytokine production; and serum IgE levels. Oral\n                    <jats:italic>CS<\/jats:italic>\n                    administration attenuated local and systemic allergic responses. Contrastingly,\n                    <jats:italic>CS<\/jats:italic>\n                    exerted limited effects on allergic inflammation in mice not exposed to DON, indicating that its protective activity was primarily associated with the mitigation of DON toxicity rather than with nonspecific immunosuppression. Both conventional and pulverized\n                    <jats:italic>CS<\/jats:italic>\n                    reduced several DON-associated inflammatory responses. An in vitro binding assay confirmed that\n                    <jats:italic>CS<\/jats:italic>\n                    decreased residual DON concentrations. These findings demonstrate that\n                    <jats:italic>CS<\/jats:italic>\n                    reduces the bioavailability and immunotoxic effects of DON and may represent a functional dietary strategy for preventing the mycotoxin-associated exacerbation of allergic inflammation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12550-026-00686-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T17:55:58Z","timestamp":1792173358000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Chlorella sorokiniana attenuates deoxynivalenol-exacerbated allergic dermatitis and type 2 immune responses in mice"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Ayano","family":"Sato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tetta","family":"Hiwatashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mao","family":"Kaneki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiharu","family":"Ohira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minori","family":"Chiba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaho","family":"Keimatsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiro","family":"Miyake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taro","family":"Ogawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayaka","family":"Nakashima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomoki","family":"Fukuyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"686_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtauto.2025.100341","volume":"12","author":"Y Acosta-Ampudia","year":"2026","unstructured":"Acosta-Ampudia Y, Monsalve DM, Galeano-Sanchez D, Rojas M, Ramirez-Santana C (2026) Exploring the immunomodulatory effects of environmental contaminants on autoimmune patients: an in vitro approach. 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The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"76"}}