{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T10:20:49Z","timestamp":1774347649746,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]],"date-time":"2026-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769212800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]],"date-time":"2026-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769212800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000027","name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P20AA017828"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P20AA017828"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000027","name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R37AA011408"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R37AA011408"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000027","name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K02AA018755"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K02AA018755"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000027","name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P50AA022537"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P50AA022537"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000027","name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K01AA024152"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K01AA024152"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000097","name":"National Center for Research Resources","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["UL1RR031990"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1RR031990"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000097","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Institutes of Health Roadmap for Medical Research"},{"name":"Center for the Study of Tobacco Products at VCU"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Race Soc Probl"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Excessive alcohol use is associated with adverse outcomes, underscoring the importance of identifying factors that may reduce alcohol use among diverse emerging adults, including ethnic-racial identity (ERI) and family factors. Limited work has examined factors that moderate the relations between ERI and alcohol use. The current study tested whether family factors (i.e., parent education and family history of alcohol problems) moderated the relations between ERI and alcohol use among 1850 diverse college students, ages 18\u201322 (\n                    <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200918.46,\n                    <jats:italic>SD<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.38). Findings indicated that moderation effects varied by students\u2019 ethnicity\/race\n                    <jats:bold>.<\/jats:bold>\n                    At high levels of parent education, greater ERI resolution predicted less alcohol use among Asian individuals, and greater alcohol use among White individuals. Among Multiracial individuals with lower family history of alcohol problems, greater ERI exploration was related to less alcohol use. Findings highlight nuanced ways that ERI, parent education, family history of alcohol problems, and racial differences influence college students\u2019 alcohol use. Results have implications for alcohol prevention and intervention programs by highlighting that both ERI development and family influences should be discussed by therapists, program leaders, and mentors with emerging adults across racial backgrounds.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12552-025-09489-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]],"date-time":"2026-01-24T04:03:24Z","timestamp":1769227404000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Ethnic-Racial Identity and Alcohol Use Moderated by Family Factors among Diverse Emerging Adults"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Chloe J.","family":"Walker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5244-8822","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chelsea Derlan","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arlenis","family":"Santana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eryn N.","family":"DeLaney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jamie","family":"Cage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jinni","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sally I.","family":"Kuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"The Spit for Science Working Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Danielle M.","family":"Dick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"9489_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rssm.2017.08.001","volume":"52","author":"J Augustine","year":"2017","unstructured":"Augustine, J. (2017). Increased educational attainment among U.S. mothers and their children\u2019s academic expectations. Research in Social Stratification and Mobility, 52, 15\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rssm.2017.08.001","journal-title":"Research in Social Stratification and Mobility"},{"key":"9489_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Berry, J. A., Ebner, D., & Cornelius, M. (2019). White identity politics: linked fate and political participation.\u00a0Politics, Groups, and Identities, 1\u201319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/21565503.2019.1615965","DOI":"10.1080\/21565503.2019.1615965"},{"issue":"3","key":"9489_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1080\/07448481.2017.1400975","volume":"66","author":"AM Bowman Heads","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bowman Heads, A. M., Glover, A. M., Castillo, L. G., Blozis, S., & Kim, S. Y. (2018). Dimensions of ethnic identity as protective factors for substance use and sexual risk behaviors in African American college students. Journal of American College Health, 66(3), 178\u2013186. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/07448481.2017.1400975","journal-title":"Journal of American College Health"},{"key":"9489_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12552-025-09440-6","author":"DY Bravo","year":"2025","unstructured":"Bravo, D. Y., Williams, C. D., Arnold, E., The Spit for Science Working Group, & Dick, D. M. (2025). Positive and negative cultural experiences predicting GPA and alcohol use among racially diverse emerging adults. Race & Social Problems. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12552-025-09440-6","journal-title":"Race & Social Problems"},{"issue":"1","key":"9489_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1111\/cdep.12204","volume":"11","author":"A Brittian Loyd","year":"2017","unstructured":"Brittian Loyd, A., & Williams, B. V. (2017). The potential for youth programs to promote African American youth\u2019s development of ethnic and racial identity. Child Development Perspectives, 11(1), 29\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cdep.12204","journal-title":"Child Development Perspectives"},{"issue":"1","key":"9489_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1037\/0002-9432.76.1.86","volume":"76","author":"Y Choi","year":"2006","unstructured":"Choi, Y., Harachi, T. W., Gillmore, M. R., & Catalano, R. F. (2006). Are multiracial adolescents at greater risk? Comparisons of rates, patterns, and correlates of substance use and violence between monoracial and multiracial adolescents. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 76(1), 86\u201397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0002-9432.76.1.86","journal-title":"American Journal of Orthopsychiatry"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"9489_CR7","first-page":"91","volume":"14","author":"SSY Chow","year":"2007","unstructured":"Chow, S. S. Y., & Chu, M. H. T. (2007). The impact of filial piety and parental involvement on academic achievement motivation in Chinese secondary school students. Asian Journal of Counselling, 14(1\u20132), 91\u2013124.","journal-title":"Asian Journal of Counselling"},{"key":"9489_CR8","volume-title":"Born on Third Base","author":"C Collins","year":"2016","unstructured":"Collins, C. (2016). Born on Third Base. Chelsea Green Publishing."},{"key":"9489_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dick, D. M., Nasim, A., Edwards, A. C., Salvatore, J. E., Cho, S. B., Adkins, A., Meyers, J., Yan, J.,Cooke, M., Clifford, J., Goyal, N., Halberstadt, L., Ailstock, K., Neale, Z., Opalesky, J., Hancock, L., Donovan, K. K., Sun, C.,Riley, B., & Kendler, K. S. (2014). Spit for Science: launching a longitudinal study of genetic and environmental influenceson substance use and emotional health at a large US university. Frontiers in genetics, 5, 47.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fgene.2014.00047","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2014.00047"},{"issue":"1","key":"9489_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1080\/15283488.2014.989442","volume":"15","author":"S Douglass","year":"2015","unstructured":"Douglass, S., & Uma\u00f1a-Taylor, A. J. (2015). A brief form of thse ethnic identity scale: Development and empirical validation. Identity, 15(1), 48\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15283488.2014.989442","journal-title":"Identity"},{"issue":"1","key":"9489_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1177\/21676968241285113","volume":"13","author":"MJ Elias","year":"2025","unstructured":"Elias, M. J., Williams, C. D., Bravo, D. Y., Safdar, M., Santana, A., Smith, T., Adkins, A., Lozada, F. T., Thomas, N., Bolte, C., & Dick, D. M. (2025). The moderating role of discrimination in the association between same-race\/ethnicity friends and negative ethnic-racial identity affect over time. Emerging Adulthood, 13(1), 222\u2013230. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/21676968241285113","journal-title":"Emerging Adulthood"},{"issue":"1","key":"9489_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1111\/cdep.12008","volume":"7","author":"CK Enders","year":"2013","unstructured":"Enders, C. K. (2013). Dealing with missing data in developmental research. Child Development Perspectives, 7(1), 27\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cdep.12008","journal-title":"Child Development Perspectives"},{"issue":"2","key":"9489_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1177\/003804070908200201","volume":"82","author":"S Goldrick-Rab","year":"2009","unstructured":"Goldrick-Rab, S., & Pfeffer, F. T. (2009). Beyond access: Explaining socioeconomic differences in college transfer. Sociology of Education, 82(2), 101\u2013125. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/003804070908200201","journal-title":"Sociology of Education"},{"issue":"2","key":"9489_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2008.08.010","volume":"42","author":"PA Harris","year":"2009","unstructured":"Harris, P. A., Taylor, R., Thielke, R., Payne, J., Gonzalez, N., & Conde, J. G. (2009). Research electronic data capture (REDCap)\u2014a metadata-driven methodology and workflow process for providing translational research informatics support. Journal of Biomedical Informatics, 42(2), 377\u2013381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbi.2008.08.010","journal-title":"Journal of Biomedical Informatics"},{"issue":"6","key":"9489_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1037\/pha0000223","volume":"26","author":"KJ Joyner","year":"2018","unstructured":"Joyner, K. J., Acuff, S. F., Meshesha, L. Z., Patrick, C. J., & Murphy, J. G. (2018). Alcohol family history moderates the association between evening substance-free reinforcement and alcohol problems. Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, 26(6), 560. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/pha0000223","journal-title":"Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology"},{"issue":"5","key":"9489_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.32320","volume":"168B","author":"K Kendler","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kendler, K., Edwards, A., Myers, J., Cho, S., Adkins, A., & Dick, D. (2015). The predictive power of family history measures of alcohol and drug problems and internalizing disorders in a college population. American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric Genetics: THe Official Publication of the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics, 168B(5), 337\u2013346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajmg.b.32320","journal-title":"American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric Genetics: THe Official Publication of the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics"},{"issue":"2","key":"9489_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.89.2.223","volume":"89","author":"ED Knowles","year":"2005","unstructured":"Knowles, E. D., & Peng, K. (2005). White selves: Conceptualizing and measuring a dominant-group identity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 89(2), 223. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0022-3514.89.2.223","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"9489_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2008.10.012","volume":"34","author":"JW LaBrie","year":"2009","unstructured":"LaBrie, J. W., Kenney, S. R., Lac, A., & Migliuri, S. F. (2009). Differential drinking patterns of family history positive and family history negative first semester college females. Addictive Behaviors, 34(2), 190\u2013196. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.addbeh.2008.10.012","journal-title":"Addictive Behaviors"},{"issue":"1","key":"9489_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agl095","volume":"42","author":"RF Leeman","year":"2006","unstructured":"Leeman, R. F., Fenton, M., & Volpicelli, J. R. (2006). Impaired control and undergraduate problem drinking. Alcohol and Alcoholism, 42(1), 42\u201348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/alcalc\/agl095","journal-title":"Alcohol and Alcoholism"},{"issue":"3","key":"9489_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.42.3.583","volume":"42","author":"SS Luthar","year":"2006","unstructured":"Luthar, S. S., Shoum, K. A., & Brown, P. J. (2006). Extracurricular involvement among affluent youth: A scapegoat for\" ubiquitous achievement pressures\"? Developmental Psychology, 42(3), 583. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0012-1649.42.3.583","journal-title":"Developmental Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"9489_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1177\/1090198116659440","volume":"44","author":"M Ma","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ma, M., Malcolm, L., D\u00edaz-Albertini, K., S\u00e1nchez, J., Simpson, B., Cortes, L., & Kibler, J. (2017). Cultural assets and substance use among Hispanic adolescents. Health Education & Behavior, 44(2), 326\u2013331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1090198116659440","journal-title":"Health Education & Behavior"},{"issue":"6","key":"9489_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1080\/10826084.2018.1559193","volume":"54","author":"CC Martin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Martin, C. C. (2019). High socioeconomic status predicts substance use and alcohol consumption in U.S. undergraduates. Substance Use & Misuse, 54(6), 1035\u20131043. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10826084.2018.1559193","journal-title":"Substance Use & Misuse"},{"issue":"4","key":"9489_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1332\/175795921X16160914636911","volume":"13","author":"JT Mortimer","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mortimer, J. T., & Lee, M. (2021). How do grandparents\u2019 and parents\u2019 educational attainments influence parents\u2019 educational expectations for children? Longitudinal and Life Course Studies\u202f: International Journal, 13(4), 551\u2013574. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1332\/175795921X16160914636911","journal-title":"Longitudinal and Life Course Studies : International Journal"},{"key":"9489_CR24","unstructured":"Muth\u00e9n, L. K., & Muth\u00e9n, B. O. (2014). Mplus: Statistical analysis with latent variables. User\u2019s guide (Version 7.31) [Computer software]. Los Angeles, CA: Author."},{"issue":"19","key":"9489_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E4330","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1718155115","volume":"115","author":"D Mutz","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mutz, D. (2018). Status threat, not economic hardship, explains the 2016 presidential vote. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 115(19), E4330\u2013E4339.","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"},{"key":"9489_CR26","unstructured":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. (2024). College drinking-Prevalence of Alcohol Use. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.collegedrinkingprevention.gov\/statistics\/prevalence"},{"key":"9489_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2017.02.015","volume":"71","author":"G Powers","year":"2017","unstructured":"Powers, G., Berger, L., Fuhrmann, D., & Fendrich, M. (2017). Family history density of substance use problems among undergraduate college students: Associations with heavy alcohol use and alcohol use disorder. Addictive Behaviors, 71, 1\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.addbeh.2017.02.015","journal-title":"Addictive Behaviors"},{"key":"9489_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.3102\/10769986031004437","volume":"31","author":"KJ Preacher","year":"2006","unstructured":"Preacher, K. J., Curran, P. J., & Bauer, D. J. (2006). Computational tools for probing interaction effects in multiple linear regression, multilevel modeling, and latent curve analysis. Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, 31, 427\u2013448. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3102\/10769986031004437","journal-title":"Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics"},{"issue":"3","key":"9489_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1533-8525.2002.tb00052.x","volume":"43","author":"KA Rockquemore","year":"2002","unstructured":"Rockquemore, K. A., & Brunsma, D. L. (2002). Socially embedded identities: Theories, typologies, and processes of racial identity among Black\/White biracials. Sociological Quarterly, 43(3), 335\u2013356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1533-8525.2002.tb00052.x","journal-title":"Sociological Quarterly"},{"issue":"4","key":"9489_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1037\/dev0001805","volume":"61","author":"AJ Ross","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ross, A. J., Russotti, J., Atzl, V. M., Toth, S. L., Cicchetti, D., & Handley, E. D. (2025). Patterns of childhood maltreatment and maternal substance use disorder on the development of emerging adult offspring substance use. Developmental Psychology, 61(4), 811\u2013824. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/dev0001805","journal-title":"Developmental Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"9489_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1080\/17457289.2018.1441849","volume":"28","author":"J Sides","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sides, J., Tesler, M., & Vavreck, L. (2018). Hunting where the ducks are: Activating support for Donald Trump in the 2016 Republican primary. Journal of Elections, Public Opinion and Parties, 28(2), 135\u2013156. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17457289.2018.1441849","journal-title":"Journal of Elections, Public Opinion and Parties"},{"key":"9489_CR32","first-page":"829","volume-title":"Handbook of child psychology: Theoretical models of human development","author":"MB Spencer","year":"2006","unstructured":"Spencer, M. B. (2006). Phenomenology and Ecological Systems Theory: Development of Diverse Groups. In R. M. Lerner & W. Damon (Eds.), Handbook of child psychology: Theoretical models of human development (pp. 829\u2013893). Wiley."},{"key":"9489_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Uma\u00f1a\u2010Taylor, A.J., Quintana, S.M., Lee, R.M., Cross Jr, W.E., Rivas\u2010Drake, D., Schwartz, S.J., Syed, M., Yip, T., Seaton, E. and Ethnic and Racial Identity in the 21st Century Study Group. (2014). Ethnic and racial identity during adolescence and into young adulthood: An integrated conceptualization. Child Development, 85(1), 21-39.","DOI":"10.1111\/cdev.12196"},{"issue":"1","key":"9489_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-017-0766-5","volume":"47","author":"A Uma\u00f1a-Taylor","year":"2018","unstructured":"Uma\u00f1a-Taylor, A., Kornienko, O., & Updegraff, K. (2018). A universal intervention program increases ethnic-racial identity exploration and resolution to predict adolescent psychosocial functioning one year later. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 47(1), 1\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10964-017-0766-5","journal-title":"Journal of Youth and Adolescence"},{"key":"9489_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Walker, C., J., Williams, C. D., Cage, J., DeLaney, E. N., Lozada, F. T., the Spit for Science Working Group, & Dick, D. M. (2022). Associations between ethnic-racial identity and alcohol problems among diverse emerging adults. Journal of Ethnicity in Substance Abuse, 21(2), 638-661. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15332640.2020.1793865","DOI":"10.1080\/15332640.2020.1793865"},{"issue":"2-3","key":"9489_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1080\/15427609.2020.1831882","volume":"17","author":"CD Williams","year":"2020","unstructured":"Williams, C. D., Byrd, C. M., Quintana, S. M., Anicama, C., Kiang, L., Uma\u00f1a-Taylor, A. J., Calzada, E. J., Pab\u00f3n Gautier, M. C., Ejesi, K., Tuitt, N. R., Martinez-Fuentes, S., White, L., Marks, A. K., Rogers, L. O., & Whitesell, N. (2020). A lifespan model of ethnic-racial identity. Research in Human Development, 17(2\u20133), 99\u2013129. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15427609.2020.1831882","journal-title":"Research in Human Development"},{"issue":"8","key":"9489_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1702","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-016-0605-0","volume":"46","author":"TC Zapolski","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zapolski, T. C., Fisher, S., Banks, D. E., Hensel, D. J., & Barnes-Najor, J. (2017). Examining the protective effect of ethnic identity on drug attitudes and use among a diverse youth population. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 46(8), 1702\u20131715. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10964-016-0605-0","journal-title":"Journal of Youth and Adolescence"}],"container-title":["Race and Social Problems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12552-025-09489-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12552-025-09489-3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12552-025-09489-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T06:46:09Z","timestamp":1774334769000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12552-025-09489-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["9489"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12552-025-09489-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1867-1748","1867-1756"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1867-1748","type":"print"},{"value":"1867-1756","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 January 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 December 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 January 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"28"}}