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TBI may result in short- and long-term complications which may lead to neurodegenerative consequences, including cognitive impairment post-TBI. When investigating the neurodegeneration following TBI, studies have highlighted the role reactive astrocytes have in the neuroinflammation and degeneration process. This review showcases a variety of markers that show reactive astrocyte presence under pathological conditions, including glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), Crystallin Alpha-B (CRYA-B), Complement Component 3 (C3) and S100A10. Astrocyte activation may lead to white-matter inflammation, expressed as white-matter hyperintensities. Other white-matter changes in the brain following TBI include increased cortical thickness in the white matter. This review addresses the gaps in the literature regarding post-mortem human studies focussing on reactive astrocytes, alongside the potential uses of these proteins as markers in the future studies that investigate the proportions of astrocytes in the post-TBI brain has been discussed. This research may benefit future studies that focus on the role reactive astrocytes play in the post-TBI brain and may assist clinicians in managing patients who have suffered TBI.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12565-024-00778-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]],"date-time":"2024-05-13T06:02:03Z","timestamp":1715580123000},"page":"3-14","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration following traumatic brain injuries"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"100","author":[{"given":"Matthew","family":"Boulton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7970-1613","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali","family":"Al-Rubaie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"778_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-020-00994-4","volume":"34","author":"K Adatia","year":"2021","unstructured":"Adatia K, Newcombe VFJ, Menon DK (2021) Contusion progression following traumatic brain injury: a review of clinical and radiological predictors, and influence on outcome. 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