{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T21:05:27Z","timestamp":1768424727230,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,19]],"date-time":"2025-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739923200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,19]],"date-time":"2025-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739923200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Anat Sci Int"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12565-025-00827-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,18]],"date-time":"2025-02-18T20:52:46Z","timestamp":1739911966000},"page":"91-96","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Absent stapedius muscle and its tendon concomitant with otosclerosis: a case report on embryology, imaging, and treatment"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"101","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-4328-9755","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"M\u0119karska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3639-4422","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomasz","family":"Wojciechowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3013-6403","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kazimierz","family":"Niemczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7758-4740","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"Bartoszewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"827_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-019-02237-4","volume":"41","author":"O Beger","year":"2019","unstructured":"Beger O, Ko\u00e7 T, Karag\u00fcl M\u0130 et al (2019) Evaluation of the stapedial tendon growth dynamic in human fetuses. Surg Radiol Anat 41(7):833\u2013839. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00276-019-02237-4","journal-title":"Surg Radiol Anat"},{"key":"827_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3873","DOI":"10.1121\/1.5132712","volume":"146","author":"EH Berger","year":"2019","unstructured":"Berger EH, Dobie RA (2019) Acoustic trauma from continuous noise: minimum exposures, issues in clinical trial design, and comments on magnetic resonance imaging exposures. J Acoust Soc Am 146:3873\u20133878. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1121\/1.5132712","journal-title":"J Acoust Soc Am"},{"issue":"3","key":"827_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1007\/s00062-022-01251-1","volume":"33","author":"BJ Burkett","year":"2023","unstructured":"Burkett BJ, Oien MP, Benson JC, Nassiri AM, Carlson ML, Lane JI (2023) Absent stapedial tendon: imaging features of an underrecognized entity. Clin Neuroradiol 33(3):645\u2013651. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00062-022-01251-1","journal-title":"Clin Neuroradiol"},{"key":"827_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Committee on Hearing and Equilibrium guidelines for the evaluation of results of treatment of conductive hearing loss (1995) American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Foundation, Inc. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 113(3):186\u2013187. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0194-5998(95)70103-6","DOI":"10.1016\/S0194-5998(95)70103-6"},{"issue":"1","key":"827_CR5","first-page":"76","volume":"9","author":"VC Cousins","year":"1988","unstructured":"Cousins VC, Milton CM (1988) Congenital ossicular abnormalities: a review of 68 cases. Am J Otol 9(1):76\u201380","journal-title":"Am J Otol"},{"issue":"5","key":"827_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjoto.2005.11.001","volume":"27","author":"S Cureoglu","year":"2006","unstructured":"Cureoglu S, Schachern PA, Ferlito A, Rinaldo A, Tsuprun V, Paparella MM (2006) Otosclerosis: etiopathogenesis and histopathology. Am J Otolaryngol 27(5):334\u2013340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amjoto.2005.11.001","journal-title":"Am J Otolaryngol"},{"issue":"2","key":"827_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otc.2017.11.007","volume":"51","author":"AA Danesh","year":"2018","unstructured":"Danesh AA, Shahnaz N, Hall JW 3rd (2018) The audiology of otosclerosis. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 51(2):327\u2013342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.otc.2017.11.007","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Clin North Am"},{"issue":"5","key":"827_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1097\/00129492-200109000-00006","volume":"22","author":"F Declau","year":"2001","unstructured":"Declau F, Van Spaendonck M, Timmermans JP et al (2001) Prevalence of otosclerosis in an unselected series of temporal bones. Otol Neurotol 22(5):596\u2013602. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00129492-200109000-00006","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol"},{"key":"827_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"MD1","DOI":"10.7860\/JCDR\/2022\/49726.15820","volume":"16","author":"S Dey","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dey S, Dutta M, Misra S (2022) Congenital absence of stapedius muscle and tendon: case report with review of literature. J Clin Diagn Res 16:MD1\u2013MD4. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7860\/JCDR\/2022\/49726.15820","journal-title":"J Clin Diagn Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"827_CR10","first-page":"59","volume":"104","author":"D Djeri\u0107","year":"1987","unstructured":"Djeri\u0107 D, Savi\u0107 D (1987) Anatomical variations and anomalies of the musculus stapedius tendon. Study by scanning electron microscopy. Ann Otolaryngol Chir Cervicofac 104(1):59\u201363","journal-title":"Ann Otolaryngol Chir Cervicofac"},{"issue":"2","key":"827_CR11","first-page":"112","volume":"4","author":"U Fisch","year":"1982","unstructured":"Fisch U (1982) Stapedotomy versus stapedectomy. Am J Otol 4(2):112\u2013117","journal-title":"Am J Otol"},{"issue":"1","key":"827_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-6657(07)70379-7","volume":"61","author":"T Gierek","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gierek T, Slaska-Kaspera A (2007) The stapedius muscle\u2014the present opinions about anatomy and physiology. Otolaryngol Pol 61(1):29\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0030-6657(07)70379-7","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Pol"},{"issue":"6","key":"827_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1177\/000348940311200607","volume":"112","author":"A Golz","year":"2003","unstructured":"Golz A, Fradis M, Martzu D, Netzer A, Joachims HZ (2003) Stapedius muscle myoclonus. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 112(6):522\u2013524. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/000348940311200607","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"},{"issue":"4","key":"827_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otc.2020.03.008","volume":"53","author":"R Hertzano","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hertzano R, Lipford EL, Depireux D (2020) Noise: acoustic trauma to the inner ear. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 53(4):531\u2013542. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.otc.2020.03.008","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Clin North Am"},{"issue":"8","key":"827_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcma.2013.06.001","volume":"66","author":"KL Hung","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hung KL, Tu TY, Tsai TL, Shiao AS (2003) Congenital ossicular anomalies. J Chin Med Assoc 66(8):474\u2013479 (PMID: 14604311)","journal-title":"J Chin Med Assoc"},{"key":"827_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/387642","volume":"2015","author":"H Kanona","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kanona H, Virk JS, Kumar G, Chawda S, Khalil S (2015) A rare stapes abnormality. Case Rep Otolaryngol 2015:387642. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2015\/387642","journal-title":"Case Rep Otolaryngol"},{"issue":"2","key":"827_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1159\/000323439","volume":"73","author":"G Kontorinis","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kontorinis G, Goetz F, Lenarz T, Schwab B (2011) Ear and further anatomic anomalies in children undergoing stapedotomy. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec 73(2):76\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000323439","journal-title":"ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec"},{"issue":"2","key":"827_CR18","first-page":"112","volume":"11","author":"C Kopuz","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kopuz C, Turgut S, Kale A, Aydin ME (2006) Absence of both stapedius tendon and muscle. Neurosciences (Riyadh) 11(2):112\u2013114","journal-title":"Neurosciences (Riyadh)"},{"issue":"6","key":"827_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjoto.2010.09.011","volume":"32","author":"JJ Kuhn","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kuhn JJ, Lassen LF (2011) Congenital incudostapedial anomalies in adult stapes surgery: a case-series review. Am J Otolaryngol 32(6):477\u2013484. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amjoto.2010.09.011","journal-title":"Am J Otolaryngol"},{"issue":"3","key":"827_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.195.3.7753999","volume":"195","author":"Y Kurosaki","year":"1995","unstructured":"Kurosaki Y, Kuramoto K, Matsumoto K, Itai Y, Hara A, Kusakari J (1995) Congenital ossification of the stapedius tendon: diagnosis with CT. Radiology 195(3):711\u2013714. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1148\/radiology.195.3.7753999","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"7","key":"827_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1007\/s002340050625","volume":"40","author":"M Lemmerling","year":"1998","unstructured":"Lemmerling M, Dhooge I, Mollet P, Mortier G, Van Cauwenberge P, Kunnen M (1998) CT of the temporal bone in the CHARGE association. Neuroradiology 40(7):462\u2013465. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s002340050625","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"issue":"6","key":"827_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjoto.2021.103144","volume":"42","author":"AM Nassiri","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nassiri AM, Benson JC, Doerfer KW et al (2021) Absent pyramidal eminence and stapedial tendon associated with congenital stapes footplate fixation: intraoperative and radiographic findings. Am J Otolaryngol 42(6):103144. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amjoto.2021.103144","journal-title":"Am J Otolaryngol"},{"key":"827_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3791\/63061","author":"M Reale","year":"2022","unstructured":"Reale M, Fernandez IJ, Presutti L, Molinari G (2022) Step-by-step stapedotomy through transcanal exclusive endoscopic approach. J vis Exp. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3791\/63061","journal-title":"J vis Exp"},{"issue":"1","key":"827_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.21020","volume":"293","author":"JF Rodr\u00edguez-V\u00e1zquez","year":"2010","unstructured":"Rodr\u00edguez-V\u00e1zquez JF, M\u00e9rida-Velasco JR, Verdugo-L\u00f3pez S (2010) Development of the stapedius muscle and unilateral agenesia of the tendon of the stapedius muscle in a human fetus. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 293(1):25\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ar.21020","journal-title":"Anat Rec (Hoboken)"},{"issue":"7","key":"827_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1258\/002221503322113094","volume":"117","author":"T Tadaki","year":"2003","unstructured":"Tadaki T, Kamiyama R, Okamura HO, Ohtani I (2003) Anomalies of the auditory organ in trisomy 18 syndrome: human temporal bone histopathological study. J Laryngol Otol 117(7):580\u2013583. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1258\/002221503322113094","journal-title":"J Laryngol Otol"},{"issue":"8\u20131","key":"827_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1177\/000348949310200807","volume":"102","author":"EB Teunissen","year":"1993","unstructured":"Teunissen EB, Cremers WR (1993) Classification of congenital middle ear anomalies. Report on 144 ears. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 102(8\u20131):606\u2013612. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/000348949310200807","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"},{"issue":"6","key":"827_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1773","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-020-06226-x","volume":"278","author":"NM Weiss","year":"2021","unstructured":"Weiss NM, \u00d3v\u00e1ri A, Oberhoffner T et al (2021) Automated detection of electrically evoked stapedius reflexes (eSR) during cochlear implantation. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 278(6):1773\u20131779. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00405-020-06226-x","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"issue":"1","key":"827_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1007\/s12565-019-00490-6","volume":"95","author":"T Wojciechowski","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wojciechowski T, Skadorwa T, N\u00e8ve de M\u00e9vergnies JG, Niemczyk K (2020) Microtomographic morphometry of the stapedius muscle and its tendon. Anat Sci Int 95(1):31\u201337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12565-019-00490-6","journal-title":"Anat Sci Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"827_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-022-07576-4","volume":"280","author":"T Wojciechowski","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wojciechowski T, Bartoszewicz R, Szopi\u0144ski K (2023) Sinus tympani revisited for planning retrofacial approach-radiologic study in pneumatized temporal bones and its surgical implications. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 280(3):1089\u20131099. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00405-022-07576-4","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"}],"container-title":["Anatomical Science International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12565-025-00827-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12565-025-00827-4","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12565-025-00827-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T11:55:45Z","timestamp":1768391745000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12565-025-00827-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,19]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["827"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12565-025-00827-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1447-6959","1447-073X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1447-6959","type":"print"},{"value":"1447-073X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"27 June 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 January 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 February 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This case report abides by the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Ethical approval from the institutional review board was not required for this study. This article does not contain photographs or indication that could be traced back to a human participant. The patient gave a written informed consent for all testing during the clinical process.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical statement"}}]}}