{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T07:48:11Z","timestamp":1782287291153,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782259200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782259200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004695","name":"University of KwaZulu-Natal","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004695","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Anat Sci Int"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Surgical approaches to the fourth ventricle involve the suboccipital surface of the cerebellum, where the inferior vermian vein (IVV) and inferior hemispheric vein (IHV) are often encountered and are at risk of injury. Iatrogenic injury to these veins could thereby lead to venous infarction and other postoperative complications; however, venous anatomy of these veins remains less well characterised. A retrospective bilateral analysis of contrast-enhanced MRI was conducted for 79 patients (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009158 hemispheres) focusing on presence, termination and diameter of these veins. Additionally, the dominant patterns of this surface were documented. These factors were then compared on the basis of laterality and sex. The IVV had an overall presence of 88.6% with no bilateral absence noted. The prevalent termination of the IVV was the straight sinus (47.9%). A single IHV was the frequent configuration (65.2%), with a maximum of 3 IHVs per hemisphere. IHVs were further investigated based on their configuration as longitudinal and transverse veins. The prevalent drainage point of the IHV was the tentorial sinus (42.8%). The mean diameter for the IVV and IHV was 1.7 \u00b1 0.5\u00a0mm and 1.5 \u00b1 0.4\u00a0mm, respectively. The suboccipital surface exhibited a prevalent co-dominant pattern (58.9%), followed by IVV dominant (32.3%) and IHV dominant patterns (8.9%), respectively. These findings provide clinically relevant data that will assist in surgical planning and reduce risk of iatrogenic injury during posterior fossa approaches.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12565-026-00949-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T07:11:30Z","timestamp":1782285090000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Anatomical investigation of the superficial venous drainage of the suboccipital surface of the cerebellum"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Ayanda","family":"Shandu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joastin","family":"Naidoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Indheresan Govindsamy","family":"Moodley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lelika","family":"Lazarus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"949_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1794","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2006.07.008","volume":"40","author":"J Alastruey","year":"2007","unstructured":"Alastruey J, Parker KH, Peir\u00f3 J, Byrd SM, Sherwin SJ (2007) Modelling the circle of Willis to assess the effects of anatomical variations and occlusions on cerebral flows. 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J Neurosurg 140(1):260\u2013270. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2023.5.JNS23657","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"2","key":"949_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2018-4745","volume":"85","author":"DD Dang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dang DD, Rechberger JS, Leonel LCPC, Hallak H, Graepel S, Link MJ, Daniels DJ, Peris-Celda M (2023) Anatomical step-by-step dissection of midline suboccipital approaches to the fourth ventricle for trainees: surgical anatomy of the telovelar, transvermian, and superior transvelar routes, surgical principles and illustrative cases. 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