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Ltd., Alnylam Inc., Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., and research funding from Novartis. Makoto Amaki has received honoraria and manuscript fees from Abbott Medical. Hiroyuki Takahama has received honoraria from Novartis and Ono Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. Kengo Kusano has received honoraria from Medtronic Japan Co. Ltd., Daiichi Sankyo Co. Ltd., Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., Bayer Yakuhin Ltd., Boston Scientific Co., and research funding from EP-CRSU Co. Ltd. Satoshi Yasuda has received research funding from Abbott Japan and Takeda Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. 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