{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,30]],"date-time":"2024-05-30T05:51:25Z","timestamp":1717048285441},"reference-count":144,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,4]],"date-time":"2009-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1236124800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,4]],"date-time":"2009-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1236124800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Probiotics &amp; Antimicro. Prot."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12602-009-9008-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,3]],"date-time":"2009-03-03T19:02:43Z","timestamp":1236106963000},"page":"45-59","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Otitis Media: A Review, with a Focus on Alternative Treatments"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"L. M. T.","family":"Dicks","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Knoetze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C. A.","family":"van Reenen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"9008_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2008.08.001","volume":"8","author":"D Abbanat","year":"2008","unstructured":"Abbanat D, Morrow B, Bush K (2008) New agents in development for the treatment of bacterial infections. Curr Opin Pharmacol 8:582\u2013592","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pharmacol"},{"key":"9008_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.1995.tb07548.x","volume":"129","author":"T Abee","year":"1995","unstructured":"Abee T (1995) Pore-forming bacteriocins of Gram-positive bacteria and self-protection mechanisms of producer organisms. FEMS Microbiol Lett 129:1\u201310","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Lett"},{"key":"9008_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-1605(95)00055-0","volume":"28","author":"T Abee","year":"1995","unstructured":"Abee T, Krockel L, Hill C (1995) Bacteriocins: modes of action and potentials in food preservation and control of food poisoning. Int J Food Microbiol 28:169\u2013185","journal-title":"Int J Food Microbiol"},{"key":"9008_CR4","first-page":"1","volume":"20","author":"AS Agro","year":"1999","unstructured":"Agro AS (1999) Meeting the challenge of chronic suppurative otitis media. Infect Dis Infoalert 20:1\u20139","journal-title":"Infect Dis Infoalert"},{"key":"9008_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2004.09.127","volume":"132","author":"C Aimoni","year":"2005","unstructured":"Aimoni C, Pelucchi S, Grasso DL, Libanore M, Martini M (2005) Bacterial meningitis complicating suppurative otitis media and sinusitis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 132:965\u2013966","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"9008_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1128\/mr.59.4.591-603.1995","volume":"59","author":"E Alonsodevelasco","year":"1995","unstructured":"Alonsodevelasco E, Verheul AFM, Verhoef J, Snippe H (1995) Streptococcus pneumoniae: virulence factors, pathogenesis, and vaccines. Microbiol Rev 59:591\u2013603","journal-title":"Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"9008_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/44.1.43","volume":"44","author":"B Amorena","year":"1999","unstructured":"Amorena B, Gracia E, Monzon M (1999) Antibiotic susceptibility assay for Staphylococcus aureus in biofilms developed in vitro. J Antimicrob Chemother 44:43\u201355","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"9008_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/15.1.77","volume":"15","author":"PC Appelbaum","year":"1992","unstructured":"Appelbaum PC (1992) Antimicrobial resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae. Clin Infect Dis 15:77\u201383","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"9008_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.1995.1.43","volume":"1","author":"PC Appelbaum","year":"1995","unstructured":"Appelbaum PC (1995) New prospects for antibacterial agents against multidrug-resistant pneumococci. Microb Drug Resist 1:43\u201348","journal-title":"Microb Drug Resist"},{"key":"9008_CR10","first-page":"125","volume-title":"Respiratory infections","author":"DM Bamberger","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bamberger DM, Jackson MA (2001) Upper respiratory tract infections: pharyngitis, sinusitis, otitis media, and epiglottitis. In: Niederman MS, Sarosi GA, Glassroth J (eds) Respiratory infections, 2nd edn. Lippincott Williams and Wilkens, Philadelphia, pp 125\u2013139","edition":"2"},{"key":"9008_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1177\/000992289803701104","volume":"37","author":"LS Barden","year":"1998","unstructured":"Barden LS, Dowell SF, Schwartz B, Lackey C (1998) Current attitudes regarding use of antimicrobial agents: results from physicians\u2019 and parents\u2019 focus group discussions. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 37:665\u2013671","journal-title":"Clin Pediatr (Phila)"},{"key":"9008_CR12","first-page":"927","volume":"28","author":"G Bellomo","year":"1980","unstructured":"Bellomo G, Mangiagle A, Nicastro L, Frigerio G (1980) A controlled double-blind study of SF68 strain as a new biological preparation for the treatment of diarrhoea in paediatrics. Curr Ther Res Clin Exp 28:927\u2013934","journal-title":"Curr Ther Res Clin Exp"},{"key":"9008_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1158","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/133.4.1158","volume":"133","author":"J Benyacoub","year":"2003","unstructured":"Benyacoub J, Czarnecki-Maulden GL, Sauthier C, Anderson RE, Schiffrin EJ, Von der Weid T (2003) Supplementation of food with Enterococcus faecium (SF68) stimulates immune functions in young dogs. J Nutr 133:1158\u20131162","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"9008_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5876(99)00146-9","volume":"49","author":"JM Bernstein","year":"1999","unstructured":"Bernstein JM (1999) Waldeyer\u2019s ring and otitis media: the nasopharyngeal tonsil and otitis media. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 49:127\u2013132","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"9008_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.3109\/00016489309135772","volume":"113","author":"JM Bernstein","year":"1993","unstructured":"Bernstein JM, Faden HF, Dryja DM, Wactawski-Wende J (1993) Micro-ecology of the nasopharyngeal bacterial flora in otitis-prone and non-otitis-prone children. Acta Otolaryngol 113:88\u201392","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol"},{"key":"9008_CR16","first-page":"1","volume":"48","author":"JM Bernstein","year":"1994","unstructured":"Bernstein JM, Sagahtaheri-Altaie S, Dryjd DM, Wactawski-Wende J (1994) Bacterial interference in nasopharyngeal bacterial flora of otitis-prone and non-otitis-prone children. Acta otolaryngol, Belgium 48:1\u20139","journal-title":"Acta otolaryngol, Belgium"},{"key":"9008_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.1995.tb07460.x","volume":"127","author":"G Bierbaum","year":"1995","unstructured":"Bierbaum G, Br\u00f6tz H, Koller KP, Sahl HG (1995) Cloning, sequencing and production of the lantibiotic mersacidin. FEMS Microbiol Lett 127:121\u2013126","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Lett"},{"key":"9008_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1097\/01.inf.0000136868.91756.80","volume":"23","author":"SL Block","year":"2004","unstructured":"Block SL, Hedrick J, Harrison CJ (2004) Community-wide vaccination with heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate significantly alters the microbiology of acute otitis media. Pediatr Infect Dis J 23:829\u2013833","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"issue":"5","key":"9008_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1093\/fampra\/cmg505","volume":"20","author":"K Blomgren","year":"2003","unstructured":"Blomgren K, Pitk\u00e4ranta A (2003) Is it possible to diagnose acute otitis media accurately in primary health care? Fam Pract 20(5):524\u2013527","journal-title":"Fam Pract"},{"key":"9008_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2004.09.012","volume":"69","author":"K Blomgren","year":"2005","unstructured":"Blomgren K, Pitk\u00e4ranta A (2005) Current challenges in diagnosis of acute otitis media. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 69:295\u2013299","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"9008_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-2736(99)00208-4","volume":"1462","author":"E Breukink","year":"1999","unstructured":"Breukink E, De Kruijff B (1999) The lantibiotic nisin, a special case or not? Biochim Biophys Acta 1462:223\u2013234","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"9008_CR22","first-page":"238","volume":"3","author":"KA Brogden","year":"2005","unstructured":"Brogden KA (2005) Antimicrobial peptides: pore formers or metabolic inhibitors in bacteria? Nature Rev. Microbiol 3:238\u2013250","journal-title":"Microbiol"},{"key":"9008_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1331","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkg260","volume":"51","author":"I Brook","year":"2003","unstructured":"Brook I (2003) Effects of antimicrobial therapy on the microbial flora of the adenoids. J Antimicrob Chemother 51:1331\u20131337","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"9008_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2005.03.012","volume":"133","author":"I Brook","year":"2005","unstructured":"Brook I (2005) The role of bacterial interference in otitis, sinusitis, and tonsillitis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 133:139\u2013146","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"9008_CR25","first-page":"493","volume":"25","author":"I Brook","year":"1997","unstructured":"Brook I, Foote PA (1997) Bacterial interference and beta-lactamase-producing bacteria in the adenoids after antimicrobial therapy. Rev Infect Dis 25:493","journal-title":"Rev Infect Dis"},{"key":"9008_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/41.4.489","volume":"41","author":"I Brook","year":"1998","unstructured":"Brook I, Gober AE (1998) Bacterial interference in the nasopharynx following antimicrobial therapy of acute otitis media. J Antimicrob Chemother 41:489\u2013492","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"9008_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.126.8.1011","volume":"126","author":"I Brook","year":"2000","unstructured":"Brook I, Gober AE (2000) In vitro bacterial interference in the nasopharynx of otitis media-prone and non-otitis media-prone children. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 126:1011\u20131013","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"9008_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.45819-0","volume":"54","author":"I Brook","year":"2005","unstructured":"Brook I, Gober AE (2005) Antimicrobial resistance in the nasopharyngeal flora of children with acute otitis media and otitis media recurring after amoxicillin therapy. J Med Microbiol 54:83\u201385","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"9008_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.45837-0","volume":"54","author":"I Brook","year":"2005","unstructured":"Brook I, Gober AE (2005) Long-term effects on the nasopharyngeal flora of children following antimicrobial therapy of acute otitis media with cefdinir or amoxicillin-clavulanate. J Med Microbiol 54:553\u2013556","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"9008_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-199909000-00021","volume":"18","author":"I Brook","year":"1999","unstructured":"Brook I, Yocum P (1999) Bacterial interference in the adenoids of otitis media-prone children. Pediatr Infect Dis J 18:835\u2013837","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"9008_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3003","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.59.9.3003-3010.1993","volume":"59","author":"MEC Bruno","year":"1993","unstructured":"Bruno MEC, Montville TJ (1993) Common mechanistic action of bacteriocins from lactic acid bacteria. Appl Environ Microbiol 59:3003\u20133010","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"9008_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1097\/01.inf.0000136871.51792.19","volume":"23","author":"JR Casey","year":"2004","unstructured":"Casey JR, Pichichero ME (2004) Changes in frequency and pathogens causing acute otitis media in 1995\u20132003. Pediatr Infect Dis J 23:824\u2013828","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"9008_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2003.09.010","volume":"68","author":"P Cay\u00e9-Thomasen","year":"2004","unstructured":"Cay\u00e9-Thomasen P, Tos M (2004) Eustachian tube gland tissue changes are related to bacterial species in acute otitis media. Int J Pediatr Otolaryngol 68:101\u2013110","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otolaryngol"},{"key":"9008_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1021\/cr030105v","volume":"105","author":"C Chatterjee","year":"2005","unstructured":"Chatterjee C, Paul M, Xie L, Van der Donk WA (2005) Biosynthesis and mode of action of lantibiotics. Chem Rev 105:633\u2013684","journal-title":"Chem Rev"},{"key":"9008_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.63.2.524-531.1997","volume":"63","author":"Y Chen","year":"1997","unstructured":"Chen Y, Shapira R, Eisenstein M, Montville TJ (1997) Functional characterization of pediocin PA-1 binding to liposomes in the absence of a protein receptor and its relationship to a predicted tertiary structure. Appl Environ Microbiol 63:524\u2013531","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"9008_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3577","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.59.11.3577-3584.1993","volume":"59","author":"ML Chikindas","year":"1993","unstructured":"Chikindas ML, Garc\u00eda-Garcer\u00e1 MJ, Driessen AJM, Ledeboer AM, Nissen-Meyer J, Nes IF, Abee T, Konings WN, Venema G (1993) Pediocin PA-1, a bacteriocin from Pediococcus acidilactici PAC1.0, forms hydrophilic pores in the cytoplasmic membrane of target cells. Appl Environ Microbiol 59:3577\u20133584","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"9008_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-1605(01)00560-8","volume":"71","author":"J Cleveland","year":"2001","unstructured":"Cleveland J, Montville TJ, Nes IF, Chikindas ML (2001) Bacteriocins: safe, natural antimicrobials for food preservation. Int J Food Microbiol 71:1\u201320","journal-title":"Int J Food Microbiol"},{"key":"9008_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1273","volume":"3","author":"PD Cotter","year":"2005","unstructured":"Cotter PD, Hill C, Ross RP (2005) Bacteriocins: developing innate immunity for food. Nat Rev Microbiol 3:777\u2013788","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"9008_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2304","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2005.01.023","volume":"23","author":"AW Cripps","year":"2005","unstructured":"Cripps AW, Otczyk DC, Kyd JM (2005) Bacterial otitis media: a vaccine preventable disease? Vaccine 23:2304\u20132310","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"9008_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(02)00394-8","volume":"2","author":"R Dagan","year":"2002","unstructured":"Dagan R, Leibovitz E (2002) Bacterial eradication in the treatment of otitis media. Lancet Infect Dis 2:593\u2013604","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"9008_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-200110000-00008","volume":"20","author":"R Dagan","year":"2001","unstructured":"Dagan R, Sikuler-Cohen M, Zamir O, Janco J, Givon-Lavi N, Fraser D (2001) Effect of a conjugate pneumococcal vaccine on the occurrence of respiratory infections and antibiotic use in day-care center attendees. Pediatr Infect Dis J 20:951\u2013958","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"9008_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-695X.2001.tb00519.x","volume":"31","author":"RC De Gutierrez","year":"2001","unstructured":"De Gutierrez RC, Santos V, Nader-Macias ME (2001) Protective effect of intranasally inoculated Lactobacillus fermentum against Streptococcus pneumoniae challenge on the mouse respiratory tract. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 31:187\u2013195","journal-title":"FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol"},{"key":"9008_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2003.11.003","volume":"68","author":"JA De Ru","year":"2004","unstructured":"De Ru JA, Grote JJ (2004) Otitis media with effusion: disease or defence? Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 68:331\u2013339","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"9008_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-2668-1_3","volume-title":"Bacteriocins of lactic acid bacteria: microbiology, genetics and application","author":"L De Vuyst","year":"1994","unstructured":"De Vuyst L, Vandamme EJ (1994) Antimicrobial potential of lactic acid bacteria. In: De Vuyst L, Vandamme EJ (eds) Bacteriocins of lactic acid bacteria: microbiology, genetics and application. Blackie Academic and Professional, London, pp 91\u2013142"},{"key":"9008_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00399424","volume":"69","author":"J Delves-Broughton","year":"1996","unstructured":"Delves-Broughton J, Blackburn P, Evans RJ, Hugenholtz J (1996) Applications of the bacteriocin, nisin. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 69:193\u2013202","journal-title":"Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek"},{"key":"9008_CR46","first-page":"81","volume-title":"Streptococci and streptococcal disease entering the new millennium","author":"K Dierksen","year":"2000","unstructured":"Dierksen K, Tagg J (2000) The influence of indigenous bacteriocin-producing Streptococcus salivarius on the acquisition of Streptococcus pyogenes by primary school children in Dunedin, New Zealand. In: Martin D, Tagg J (eds) Streptococci and streptococcal disease entering the new millennium. Securacopy, Wellington, New Zealand, pp 81\u201385"},{"key":"9008_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-199901000-00002","volume":"18","author":"SF Dowell","year":"1999","unstructured":"Dowell SF, Butler JC, Giebink GS, Jacobs MR, Jernigan D, Musher D, Rakowsky A, Schwartz B (1999) Acute otitis media: management and surveillance in an era of pneumococcal resistance\u2014a report from the drug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae therapeutic working group. Pediatr Infect Dis J 18:1\u20139","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"9008_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3275","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.64.9.3275-3281.1998","volume":"64","author":"VG Eijsink","year":"1998","unstructured":"Eijsink VG, Skeie M, Middelhoven PH, Brurberg MB, Nes IF (1998) Comparative studies of class IIa bacteriocins of lactic acid bacteria. Appl Environ Microbiol 64:3275\u20133281","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"9008_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/S1082-7579(98)00019-3","volume":"3","author":"IU Eneli","year":"1998","unstructured":"Eneli IU (1998) Otitis media: an update. Med Update Psychiatr 3:165\u2013169","journal-title":"Med Update Psychiatr"},{"key":"9008_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6976.2000.tb00534.x","volume":"24","author":"S Ennahar","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ennahar S, Sashihara T, Sonomoto K, Ishizaki A (2000) Class IIa bacteriocins: biosynthesis, structure and activity. FEMS Microbiol Rev 24:85\u2013106","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"9008_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5876(03)00093-4","volume":"67","author":"G Erdosa","year":"2003","unstructured":"Erdosa G, Sayeeda S, Antalisa P, Hua FZ, Hayesa J, Goodwina J, Dopicoa R, Posta C, Ehrlicha GD (2003) Development and characterization of a pooled Haemophilus influenzae genomic library for the evaluation of gene expression changes associated with mucosal biofilm formation in otitis media. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 67:749\u2013755","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"9008_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1440","DOI":"10.1086\/516477","volume":"175","author":"H Faden","year":"1997","unstructured":"Faden H, Duffy L, Wasielewski R (1997) Relationship between nasopharyngeal colonization and the development of otitis media in children. J Infect Dis 175:1440\u20131445","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"9008_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1097\/01.inf.0000253059.84602.c3","volume":"26","author":"D Farrell","year":"2007","unstructured":"Farrell D, Klugman K, Pichichero M (2007) Increased antimicrobial resistance among nonvaccine serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae in the pediatric population after the introduction of 7-Valent Pneumococcal Vaccine in the United States. Pediatr Infect Dis J 26:123\u2013128","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"issue":"10","key":"9008_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1683","DOI":"10.1016\/S0149-2918(01)80137-5","volume":"23","author":"AM Fendrick","year":"2001","unstructured":"Fendrick AM, Saint S, Brook I, Jacobs MR, Pelton S, Sethi S (2001) Diagnosis and treatment of upper respiratory tract infections in the primary care setting. Clin Ther 23(10):1683\u20131706","journal-title":"Clin Ther"},{"key":"9008_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3313","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.62.9.3313-3318.1996","volume":"62","author":"G Fimland","year":"1996","unstructured":"Fimland G, Blingsmo OR, Sletten K, Jung G, Nes IF, Nissen-Meyer J (1996) New biologically active hybrid bacteriocins constructed by combining regions from various pediocin-like bacteriocins: the C-terminal region is important for determining specificity. Appl Environ Microbiol 62:3313\u20133318","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"9008_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14421","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.271.24.14421","volume":"271","author":"Y Fleury","year":"1996","unstructured":"Fleury Y, Dayem MA, Montagne JJ, Chaboisseau E, Le Caer JP, Nicolas P, Delfour A (1996) Covalent structure, synthesis, and structure-function studies of mesentericin Y 10537, a defensive peptide from Gram-positive bacteria Leuconostoc\n                           mesenteroides. J Biol Chem 271:14421\u201314429","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"4","key":"9008_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.14.4.836-871.2001","volume":"14","author":"AC Fluit","year":"2001","unstructured":"Fluit AC, Visser MR, Schmitz F-J (2001) Molecular detection of antimicrobial resistance. Clin Microbiol Rev 14(4):836\u2013871","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"9008_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15062","DOI":"10.1021\/bi971263h","volume":"36","author":"NL Fregeau Gallagher","year":"1997","unstructured":"Fregeau Gallagher NL, Sailer M, Niemczura WP, Nakashima TT, Stiles ME, Vederas JC (1997) Three-dimensional structure of leucocin A in trifluoroethanol and dodecylphosphocholine micelles: spatial location of residues critical for biological activity in type IIa bacteriocins from lactic acid bacteria. Biochem 36:15062\u201315072","journal-title":"Biochem"},{"issue":"4\u20135","key":"9008_CR59","first-page":"260","volume":"253","author":"I Fujimori","year":"1996","unstructured":"Fujimori I, Hisamatsu K, Kikushima K, Goto R, Murakami Y, Yamada T (1996) The nasopharyngeal bacterial flora in children with otitis media with effusion. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 253(4\u20135):260\u2013263","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"9008_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-9781(00)00254-0","volume":"21","author":"A Giacometti","year":"2000","unstructured":"Giacometti A, Cirioni O, Del Prete MS, Paggi AM, D\u2019Errico MM, Scalise G (2000) Combination studies between polycationic peptides and clinically used antibiotics against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Peptides 21:1155\u20131160","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"key":"9008_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X-60.6.732","volume":"60","author":"G Giraffa","year":"1997","unstructured":"Giraffa G, Carminati D, Neviani E (1997) Enterococci isolated from diary products: a review of risks and potential technological use. J Food Protect 60:732\u2013738","journal-title":"J Food Protect"},{"key":"9008_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1097\/00001432-200208000-00007","volume":"15","author":"IM Gould","year":"1998","unstructured":"Gould IM (1998) Antibiotic policies and control of resistance. Curr Opin Infect Dis 15:395\u2013400","journal-title":"Curr Opin Infect Dis"},{"key":"9008_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.2174\/1568005024605855","volume":"2","author":"RE Hancock","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hancock RE, Patrzykat A (2002) Clinical development of cationic antimicrobial peptides: from natural to novel antibiotics. Curr Drug Targets Infect Disord 2:79\u201383","journal-title":"Curr Drug Targets Infect Disord"},{"key":"9008_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(67)92346-X","volume":"2","author":"D Hansman","year":"1967","unstructured":"Hansman D, Bullen MM (1967) A resistant pneumococcus (Letter). Lancet 2:264\u2013265","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"9008_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2007.01.003","volume":"26","author":"K Hatakkaa","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hatakkaa K, Blomgrenc K, Pohjavuoria S, Kaijalainene T, Poussaf T, Leinonene M, Korpelaa R, Pitka A (2007) Treatment of acute otitis media with probiotics in otitis-prone children -a double-blind, placebo-controlled randomised study. Clin Nutr 26:314\u2013321","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"4","key":"9008_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199901283400402","volume":"340","author":"T Heikkinen","year":"1999","unstructured":"Heikkinen T, Thint M, Chonmaitree T (1999) Prevalence of various respiratory viruses in the middle ear during acute otitis media. N Engl J Med 340(4):260\u2013264","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"9008_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1346","DOI":"10.1086\/521626","volume":"196","author":"LA Hicks","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hicks LA, Harrison LH, Flannery B, Hadler JL, Schaffner W, Craig AS (2007) Incidence of pneumococcal disease due to non-pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) serotypes in the United States during the era of widespread PCV7 vaccination, 1998\u20132004. J Infect Dis 196:1346\u20131354","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"9008_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.1998.00758.x","volume":"27","author":"F Hombl\u00e9","year":"1998","unstructured":"Hombl\u00e9 F, Cabiaux V, Ruysschaert J (1998) Channel or channel-like activity associated with pore-forming proteins or peptides? Mol Microbiol 27:1261\u20131263","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"9008_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2004.11.012","volume":"69","author":"P Homoe","year":"2005","unstructured":"Homoe P, Christensen RB, Bretlau P (2005) Acute otitis media and season of birth. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 69:487\u2013491","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"issue":"4","key":"9008_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1016\/S1201-9712(00)90112-7","volume":"4","author":"RE Huebner","year":"2000","unstructured":"Huebner RE, Wasas AD, Klugman KP (2000) Trends in antimicrobial resistance and serotyoe distribution of blood and cerebrospinal fluid isolates of Streptotcoccus pneumoniae in South Africa, 1991\u20131998. Int J Infect Dis 4(4):214\u2013218","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"9008_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkg229","volume":"51","author":"AB Ingham","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ingham AB, Ford M, Moore RJ, Tizard M (2003) The bacteriocin piscicolin 126 retains antilisterial activity in vivo. J Antimicrob Chemother 51:1365\u20131371","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"9008_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-7799(00)88962-3","volume":"13","author":"RW Jack","year":"1995","unstructured":"Jack RW, Sahl HG (1995) Unique peptide modifications involved in the biosynthesis of lantibiotics. Trends Biotechnol 13:269\u2013278","journal-title":"Trends Biotechnol"},{"key":"9008_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1128\/mr.59.2.171-200.1995","volume":"59","author":"RW Jack","year":"1995","unstructured":"Jack RW, Tagg JR, Ray B (1995) Bacteriocins of Gram-positive bacteria. Microbiol Rev 59:171\u2013200","journal-title":"Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"3A","key":"9008_CR74","first-page":"3S","volume":"117","author":"MRJ Jacobs","year":"2004","unstructured":"Jacobs MRJ (2004) Streptococcus pneumoniae: epidemiology and patterns of resistance. Am J Med 117(3A):3S\u201315S","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"9008_CR75","unstructured":"Jacobs MRJ, Bajaksouzian S, Windau A, Good CE, Lin G, Pankuck GA, Appelbaum PC (1999) Susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis to oral agents: results of a 1998 US outpatient surveillance study. Presented at: 39th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy; September 26\u201329, San Francisco, CA"},{"key":"9008_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1016\/S0732-8893(03)00140-8","volume":"47","author":"ME Jones","year":"2003","unstructured":"Jones ME, Blosser-Middleton RS, Thornsberry C, Karlowsky JA, Sahm DF (2003) The activity of levofloxacin and other antimicrobials against clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae collected worldwide during 1999\u20132002. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 47:579\u2013586","journal-title":"Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"9008_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2005.01.036","volume":"69","author":"S Kaieda","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kaieda S, Yano H, Okitsu N, Hosaka Y, Okamoto R, Inoue M, Takahashi H (2005) Investigation about the homogeneity of nasopharyngeal microflora at the different location of nasopharynx of children with acute otitis media. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 69:959\u2013963","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"9008_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1177\/000348940211100506","volume":"111","author":"H Kawano","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kawano H, Haruta A, Tsuboi Y, Kim Y, Schchern PA, Paparella MM, Lin J (2002) Induction of mucus cell metaplasia by tumor necrosis factor alpha in rat middle ear: the pathological basis for mucin hyperproduction in mucoid otitis media. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 111:415\u2013422","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"},{"key":"9008_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-6445(93)90057-G","volume":"12","author":"TR Klaenhammer","year":"1993","unstructured":"Klaenhammer TR (1993) Genetics of bacteriocins produced by lactic acid bacteria. FEMS Microbiol Rev 12:39\u201386","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"9008_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2005.05.012","volume":"52","author":"M Kleemola","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kleemola M, Nokso-Koivisto J, Herva E, Syrj\u00e4nen R, Lahdenkari M, Kilpi T, Hovi T (2006) Is there any specific association between respiratory viruses and bacteria in acute otitis media of young children? J Infect 52(3):181\u2013187","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"issue":"1","key":"9008_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S15","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5876(99)00125-1","volume":"49","author":"JO Klein","year":"1999","unstructured":"Klein JO (1999) Management of acute otitis media in an era of an increasing antibiotic resistance. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 49(1):S15\u2013S17","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"9008_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/158.5.956","volume":"158","author":"KP Klugman","year":"1988","unstructured":"Klugman KP, Koornhof HJ (1988) Drug resistance patterns and serotypes of pneumococcal isolates from cerebrospinal fluid or blood, 1979\u20131986. J Infect Dis 158:956\u2013964","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"9008_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2007.10.010","volume":"31","author":"H Knoetze","year":"2008","unstructured":"Knoetze H, Todorov SD, Dicks LMT (2008) A class IIa peptide from Enterococcus mundtii inhibits bacteria associated with Otitis Media. Int J Antimicrob Agents 31:228\u2013234","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"9008_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/15.1.84","volume":"15","author":"HJ Koornhof","year":"1992","unstructured":"Koornhof HJ, Wasas A, Klugman K (1992) Antimicrobial resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae: a South Africa perspective. Clin Infect Dis 15:84\u201394","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"9008_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2005.02.015","volume":"69","author":"H Kouwen","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kouwen H, van Balen FAM, Dejonkere PH (2005) Functional tube therapy for persistent otitis media with effusion in children: myth or evidence? Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 69:943\u2013951","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"9008_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200104000-00030","volume":"111","author":"DH Lee","year":"2001","unstructured":"Lee DH, Park YS, Jung TT, Yeo SW, Choi YC, Jeon E (2001) Effect of tumor necrosis factor-alpha on experimental otitis media with effusion. Laryngoscope 111:728\u2013733","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"9008_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-8579(00)00127-8","volume":"15","author":"E Leibovitz","year":"2000","unstructured":"Leibovitz E, Dagan R (2000) Antibiotic treatment for acute otitis media. Int J Antimicrob Agents 15:169\u2013177","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"9008_CR88","first-page":"212","volume":"18","author":"E Leibovitz","year":"2001","unstructured":"Leibovitz E, Dagan R (2001) Otitis media therapy and drug resistance. Part 1: management principles. Infect Med 18:212\u2013216","journal-title":"Infect Med"},{"key":"9008_CR89","first-page":"263","volume":"18","author":"E Leibovitz","year":"2001","unstructured":"Leibovitz E, Dagan R (2001) Otitis media therapy and drug resistance. Part 2: current concepts and new directions. Infect Med 18:263\u2013270","journal-title":"Infect Med"},{"key":"9008_CR90","first-page":"967","volume":"26","author":"A Lewenstein","year":"1979","unstructured":"Lewenstein A, Frigerio G, Moroni M (1979) Biological properties of SF68, a new approach for the treatment of diarrhoeal diseases. Curr Ther Res Clin Exp 26:967\u2013981","journal-title":"Curr Ther Res Clin Exp"},{"issue":"5","key":"9008_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.113.5.1451","volume":"113","author":"AS Lieberthal","year":"2004","unstructured":"Lieberthal AS, Ganiats TG, Cox EO, Culpepper L, Mahoney M, Miller D, Runyan DK, Shapiro NL, Wald E (2004) Diagnosis and management of acute otitis media. Clinical practical guidelines. Pediatrics 113(5):1451\u20131465","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"9008_CR92","first-page":"93","volume-title":"Respiratory infections","author":"DE Low","year":"2001","unstructured":"Low DE (2001) Mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance. In: Niederman MS, Sarosi GA, Glassroth J (eds) Respiratory infections, 2nd edn. Lippincott Williams and Wilkens, Philadelphia, pp 93\u2013107","edition":"2"},{"key":"9008_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1067\/mem.2002.122772","volume":"39","author":"GH McCracken","year":"2002","unstructured":"McCracken GH (2002) Diagnosis and management of acute otitis media in the urgent care setting. Ann Emerg Med 39:413\u2013421","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"9008_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1738","DOI":"10.1086\/429908","volume":"40","author":"MC McEllistrem","year":"2005","unstructured":"McEllistrem MC, Adams JM, Patel K, Mendelsohn AB, Kaplan SL, Bradley JS (2005) Acute otitis media due to penicillin-nonsusceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae before and after the introduction of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. Clin Infect Dis 40:1738\u20131744","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"9008_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1997","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.64.6.1997-2005.1998","volume":"64","author":"KW Miller","year":"1998","unstructured":"Miller KW, Schamber R, Osmanagaoglu O, Ray B (1998) Isolation and characterization of pediocin AcH chimeric protein mutants with altered bactericidal activity. Appl Environ Microbiol 64:1997\u20132005","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"9008_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1002002718501","volume":"76","author":"GN Moll","year":"1999","unstructured":"Moll GN, Konings WN, Driessen AJM (1999) Bacteriocins: mechanism of membrane insertion and pore formation. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 76:185\u2013198","journal-title":"Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek"},{"issue":"1","key":"9008_CR97","first-page":"50","volume":"19","author":"D Montgomery","year":"2005","unstructured":"Montgomery D (2005) A new approach to treating acute otitis media. J Pediatr Health Care 19(1):50\u201352","journal-title":"J Pediatr Health Care"},{"key":"9008_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1007\/s002530051328","volume":"50","author":"TJ Montville","year":"1998","unstructured":"Montville TJ, Chen Y (1998) Mechanistic action of pediocin and nisin: recent progress and unresolved questions. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 50:511\u2013519","journal-title":"Appl Microbiol Biotechnol"},{"issue":"1","key":"9008_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2005.06.026","volume":"106","author":"MRF Moreno","year":"2005","unstructured":"Moreno MRF, Sarantinopoulos P, Tsakalidou E, de Vuyst L (2005) The role and application of enterococci in food and health. Int J Food Microbiol 106(1):1\u201324","journal-title":"Int J Food Microbiol"},{"key":"9008_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2007.12.005","volume":"72","author":"R Munguia","year":"2008","unstructured":"Munguia R, Daniel SJ (2008) Ototopical antifungals and otomycosis: a review. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 72:453\u2013459","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"9008_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/164.2.302","volume":"164","author":"RT Munoz","year":"1991","unstructured":"Munoz RT, Coffey J, Daniels M, Dowson CG, Laible G, Casal J, Hakenbeck R, Jacobs M, Musser JM, Spratt BG (1991) Inter-continental spread of a multiresistant clone of serotype 23F Streptococcus pneumoniae. J Infect Dis 164:302\u2013306","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"9008_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2696","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2004.12.014","volume":"23","author":"TF Murphy","year":"2005","unstructured":"Murphy TF, Bakeletz LO, Kyd JM, Watson B, Klein DL (2005) Vaccines for otitis media: proposals for overcoming obstacles to progress. Vaccine 23:2696\u20132702","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"9008_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1553-2712.2008.00117.x","volume":"15","author":"LE Nigrovic","year":"2008","unstructured":"Nigrovic LE, Kuppermann N, Malley R (2008) Children with bacterial meningitis presenting to the emergency department during the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine era. Acad Emerg Med 15:522\u2013528","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"key":"9008_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5686","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.174.17.5686-5692.1992","volume":"174","author":"J Nissen-Meyer","year":"1992","unstructured":"Nissen-Meyer J, Holo H, H\u00e5varstein LS, Sletten K, Nes IF (1992) A novel lactococcal bacteriocin whose activity depends on the complementary action of two peptides. J Bacteriol 174:5686\u20135692","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"issue":"2","key":"9008_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.10581","volume":"72","author":"J Nokso-Koivisto","year":"2004","unstructured":"Nokso-Koivisto J, Raty R, Blomqvist S, Kleemola M, Syrjanen R, Pitkaranta A, Kilpi T, Hovi T (2004) Presence of specific viruses in the middle ear fluids and respiratory secretions of young children with acute otitis media. J Med Virol 72(2):241\u2013248","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"9008_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2008.08.014","volume":"43","author":"V Peltola","year":"2008","unstructured":"Peltola V, Waris M, \u00d6sterbackb R, Susib P, Hyypi\u00e4b T, Ruuskanena O (2008) Clinical effects of rhinovirus infections. J Clin Virol 43:411\u2013414","journal-title":"J Clin Virol"},{"issue":"1","key":"9008_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2004.08.007","volume":"132","author":"NDO Penido","year":"2005","unstructured":"Penido NDO, Borin A, Iha LCN, Suguri VM, Onishi E, Fukuda Y, Cruz OLM (2005) Intracranial complications of otitis media: 15\u00a0years of experience in 33 patients. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 132(1):37\u201342","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"8","key":"9008_CR108","first-page":"2051","volume":"61","author":"ME Pichichero","year":"2000","unstructured":"Pichichero ME (2000) Acute otitis media. Part 1. Improving diagnostic accuracy. Am Fam Physician 61(8):2051\u20132056","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"issue":"8","key":"9008_CR109","first-page":"2410","volume":"61","author":"ME Pichichero","year":"2000","unstructured":"Pichichero ME (2000) Acute otitis media. Part 2. Treatment in an era of increasing antibiotic resistance. Am Fam Physician 61(8):2410\u20132418","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"9008_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1772","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.298.15.1772","volume":"298","author":"ME Pichichero","year":"2007","unstructured":"Pichichero ME, Casey JR (2007) Emergence of a multiresistant serotype 19A pneumococcal strain not included in the 7-valent conjugate vaccine as an otopathogen in children. JAMA 298:1772\u20131778","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"9008_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pitcher PA, Carr MM, Clarke KD (1997) Care of the child with tympanostomy tubes: a guide for the primary care physician. Dalhousie Med J http:\/\/medjournal.medicine.dal.ca\/DMJONLIN\/winter97\/orig7.htm. Accessed 27 January 2009","DOI":"10.15273\/dmj.Vol25No2.3733"},{"key":"9008_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1097\/01.moo.0000124936.46948.6a","volume":"12","author":"JC Post","year":"2004","unstructured":"Post JC, Stoodley P, Hall-Stoodley L (2004) The role of biofilms in otolaryngologic infections. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 12:185\u2013190","journal-title":"Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"9008_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1837","DOI":"10.1126\/science.283.5409.1837","volume":"283","author":"C Potera","year":"1999","unstructured":"Potera C (1999) Forging a link between biofilms and disease. Science 283:1837\u20131839","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"9008_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6163","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.179.19.6163-6171.1997","volume":"179","author":"LEN Quadri","year":"1997","unstructured":"Quadri LEN, Kleerebezem M, Kuipers OP, de Vos WM, Roy KL, Vederas JC, Stiles ME (1997) Characterization of a locus from Carnobacterium piscicola LV17B involved in bacteriocin production and immunity: evidence for global inducer-mediated transcriptional regulation. J Bacteriol 179:6163\u20136171","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"9008_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1477","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.64.4.1477-1479.1996","volume":"64","author":"MS Reddy","year":"1996","unstructured":"Reddy MS, Bernstein JM, Murphy TF, Faden HS (1996) Binding between outer membrane proteins of non-typable Haemophilus influenzae and human nasopharyngeal mucin. Infect Immunol 64:1477\u20131479","journal-title":"Infect Immunol"},{"key":"9008_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2004.04.004","volume":"294","author":"RR Reinert","year":"2004","unstructured":"Reinert RR (2004) Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines\u2014a European perspective. Int J Med Microbiol 294:277\u2013294","journal-title":"Int J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"9008_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.micro.56.012302.161024","volume":"56","author":"MA Riley","year":"2002","unstructured":"Riley MA, Wertz JE (2002) Bacteriocins: evolution, ecology, and application. Ann Rev Microbiol 56:117\u2013137","journal-title":"Ann Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"9008_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.322.7280.210","volume":"322","author":"K Roos","year":"2001","unstructured":"Roos K, Hakansson EG, Holm S (2001) Effect of recolonisation with \u201cinterfering\u201d alpha streptococci on recurrences of acute and secretory otitis media in children: randomised placebo controlled trail. BMJ 322:210\u2013212","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"9008_CR119","volume-title":"Evidence based otitis media","author":"RM Rosenfeld","year":"1999","unstructured":"Rosenfeld RM, Bluestone CD (1999) Evidence based otitis media. BC Becker Inc., St Louis, MO"},{"key":"9008_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2004.02.002","volume":"130","author":"RM Rosenfeld","year":"2004","unstructured":"Rosenfeld RM, Culpepper L, Doyle KJ, Grundfast KM, Hoberman A, Kenna MA, Lieberthal AS, Mahoney M, Wahl RA, Woods CR Jr, Yawn BL (2004) Clinical practice guideline: otitis media with effusion. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 130:S95\u2013S118","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"9008_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2625","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(99)75519-0","volume":"82","author":"MP Ryan","year":"1999","unstructured":"Ryan MP, Flynn J, Hill C, Ross RP, Meaney WJ (1999) The natural food grade inhibitor, Lacticin 3147, reduced the incidence of mastitis after experimental challenge with Streptococcus dysgalactiae in non-lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 82:2625\u20132631","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci"},{"key":"9008_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/45.4.457","volume":"45","author":"DF Sahm","year":"2000","unstructured":"Sahm DF, Jones ME, Hickey ML, Diakun DR, Mani SV, Thornsberry C (2000) Resistance surveillance of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis isolated in Asia and Europe 1997\u20131998. J Antimicrob Chemother 45:457\u2013466","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"9008_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200102000-00020","volume":"111","author":"LP Schousboe","year":"2001","unstructured":"Schousboe LP, Ovesen T, Eckardt L, Rasmussen LM, Pedersen CB (2001) How does endotoxin trigger inflammation in otitis media with effusion? Laryngoscope 111:279\u2013300","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"9008_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2005.05.003","volume":"69","author":"N Segal","year":"2005","unstructured":"Segal N, Leibovitz E, Dagan R, Leiberman A (2005) Acute otitis media-diagnosis and treatment in the era of antibiotic resistant bacteria: updated clinical practice guidelines. Int J Otorhinolaryngol 69:1311\u20131319","journal-title":"Int J Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"9008_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199708143370701","volume":"337","author":"H Sepp\u00e4l\u00e4","year":"1997","unstructured":"Sepp\u00e4l\u00e4 H, Klaukka T, Vuopio-Varkila J, Muotiala A, Helenius H, Lager K, Huovinen P (1997) The effect of changes in the consumption of macrolide antibiotics on erythromycin resistance in group A streptococci in Finland. N Engl J Med 337:441\u2013446","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"9008_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4119","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.60.10.4119-4126.1992","volume":"60","author":"C Sibold","year":"1992","unstructured":"Sibold C, Wang J, Henrichsen J, Hakenbeck R (1992) Genetic relationship of penicillin-susceptible and -resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae strains isolated from different continents. Infect Immun 60:4119\u20134126","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"9008_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1080\/00016480252814144","volume":"122","author":"MG Smirnova","year":"2002","unstructured":"Smirnova MG, Birchall JP, Pearson JP (2002) In vitro study of IL-8 and goblet cells: possible role of IL-8 in the aetiology of otitis media with effusion. Acta Otolaryngol 122:146\u2013152","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol"},{"key":"9008_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1093\/ajhp\/62.4.0367","volume":"62","author":"DR Sokos","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sokos DR (2005) Pharmacists\u2019 role in increasing pneumococcal and influenza vaccination. Am J Health Syst Pharm 62:367\u2013377","journal-title":"Am J Health Syst Pharm"},{"issue":"5","key":"9008_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1197\/j.aem.2005.03.044","volume":"12","author":"DM Spiro","year":"2005","unstructured":"Spiro DM, Tay K, Baker MD, Arnold DH, Shapiro ED (2005) Wait-and-see antibiotic prescription for the treatment of acute otitis media: a randomized controlled trial. Acad Emerg Med 12(5):19","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"key":"9008_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0902.020123","volume":"2","author":"CR Stein","year":"2003","unstructured":"Stein CR, Weber DJ, Kelley M (2003) Using hospital antibiogram data to assess regional pneumococcal resistance to antibiotics. Emerg Infect Dis 2:211\u2013216","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"9008_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-7799(03)00085-4","volume":"21","author":"JR Tagg","year":"2003","unstructured":"Tagg JR, Dierksen KP (2003) Bacterial replacement therapy: adapting \u2018germ warfare\u2019 to infection prevention. Trends Biotechnol 21:217\u2013223","journal-title":"Trends Biotechnol"},{"key":"9008_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5876(98)00174-8","volume":"47","author":"K Tano","year":"1999","unstructured":"Tano K, Olofsson C, Grahn-H\u01fbkansson E, Holm SE (1999) In vitro inhibition of S. pneumoniae, non-typeable H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis by alpha-haemolytic streptococci from healthy children. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 47:49\u201356","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"9008_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5876(00)00428-6","volume":"56","author":"K Tano","year":"2000","unstructured":"Tano K, Grahn-H\u01fbkansson E, Holm SE, Hellstr\u00f6m S (2000) Inhibition of OM pathogens by alpha-hemolytic streptococci from healthy children, children with SOM and children with rAOM. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 56:185\u2013190","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"9008_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5876(01)00581-X","volume":"62","author":"K Tano","year":"2002","unstructured":"Tano K, Grahn-H\u01fbkansson E, Holm SE, Hellstr\u00f6m S (2002) A nasal spray with alpha-haemolytic streptococci as long-term prophylaxis against recurrent otitis media. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 62:17\u201323","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"9008_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2005.02.005","volume":"25","author":"SD Todorov","year":"2005","unstructured":"Todorov SD, Wachsman MB, Knoetze H, Meincken M, Dicks LMT (2005) An antibacterial and antiviral peptide produced by Enterococcus mundtii ST4\u00a0V isolated from soya beans. Int J Antimicrob Agents 25:508\u2013513","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"issue":"7","key":"9008_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-200207000-00013","volume":"21","author":"D Turner","year":"2002","unstructured":"Turner D, Leibovitz E, Aran A, Piglansky L, Raiz S, Leiberman A, Alberto D (2002) Acute otitis media in infants younger than two months of age: microbiology, clinical presentation and therapeutic approach. Pediatr Infect Dis J 21(7):669\u2013674","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"9008_CR137","first-page":"5","volume":"7","author":"NR Underdahl","year":"1983","unstructured":"Underdahl NR (1983) The effect of feeding Streptococcus faecium upon Escherichia coli induced diarrhoea in gnotobiotic pigs. Prog Food Nutr Sci 7:5\u201312","journal-title":"Prog Food Nutr Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"9008_CR138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2005.06.022","volume":"70","author":"MJP Van Kempen","year":"2005","unstructured":"Van Kempen MJP, Vermeiren JS, Vaneechoutte M, Claeys G, Veenhoven RH, Rijkers GT, Sanders EAM, Dhooge IJ (2005) Pneumococcal conjugate vaccination in children with recurrent acute otitis media: a therapeutic alternative? Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 70(2):275\u2013285","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"9008_CR139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-8579(99)00078-3","volume":"12","author":"MB Wachsman","year":"1999","unstructured":"Wachsman MB, Farias ME, Takeda E, Sesma F, De Ruiz Holgado AP, de Torres RA, Coto CE (1999) Antiviral activity of enterocin CRL against herpes virus. Int J Antimicrob Agents 12:293\u2013299","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"9008_CR140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-3542(02)00099-2","volume":"58","author":"MB Wachsman","year":"2003","unstructured":"Wachsman MB, Castilla V, De Ruiz Holgado AP, de Torres RA, Sesma F, Coto CE (2003) Enterocin CRL35 inhibits late stages of HSV-1 and HSV-2 replication in vitro. Antiviral Res 58:17\u201324","journal-title":"Antiviral Res"},{"key":"9008_CR141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.05259-0","volume":"52","author":"T Walls","year":"2003","unstructured":"Walls T, Power D, Tagg J (2003) Bacteriocin-like substance (BLIS) production by the normal flora of the nasopharynx: potential to protect against otitis media? J Med Microbiol 52:829\u2013833","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"9008_CR142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1917","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200012283432603","volume":"343","author":"CG Whitney","year":"2000","unstructured":"Whitney CG, Farley MM, Hadler J, Harrison LH, Lexau C, Reingold A, Lefkowitz L, Cieslak PR, Zell ER, Jorgensen JH, Schuchat A (2000) Increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in the United States. New Eng J Med 343:1917\u20131924","journal-title":"New Eng J Med"},{"key":"9008_CR143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1772","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M006770200","volume":"276","author":"I Wiedemann","year":"2001","unstructured":"Wiedemann I, Breukink E, van Kraaij C, Kuipers OP, Bierbaum G, de Kruijff B, Sahl H-G (2001) Specific binding of nisin to peptidoglycan precursor lipid II combines pore formation and inhibition of cell wall biosynthesis for potent antibiotic activity. J Biol Chem 276:1772\u20131779","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"9008_CR144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/44.suppl_1.1","volume":"44","author":"W Witte","year":"1999","unstructured":"Witte W (1999) Antibiotic resistance in Gram-positive bacteria: epidemiological aspects. J Antimicrob Chemother 44:1\u20139","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"}],"container-title":["Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12602-009-9008-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12602-009-9008-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12602-009-9008-9","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12602-009-9008-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,29]],"date-time":"2022-07-29T13:08:19Z","timestamp":1659100099000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12602-009-9008-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,4]]},"references-count":144,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,6]]}},"alternative-id":["9008"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12602-009-9008-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1867-1306","1867-1314"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1867-1306","type":"print"},{"value":"1867-1314","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 December 2008","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 February 2009","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 March 2009","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}